Author David Rakoff on Half Empty, Defensive Pessimism
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
find
US / faɪnd /
•UK / faɪnd /
- noun
- Object discovered by chance
- Things that have been discovered from searching
- verb
- To become aware of something that is happening
- To discover or meet by chance
- To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
- To learn through study, research, or effort
- To discover something by looking for it
happen
US / 'hæpən /
•UK / ˈhæpən /
- verb
- To take place or occur
each
US / i:tʃ /
•UK / itʃ /
- determiner
- Every one of two or more things
- pronoun
- Per one person or thing
remind
US / rɪ'maɪnd /
•UK / rɪˈmaɪnd /
- verb
- To cause someone to remember what they forgot
that
US / ðæt /
•UK / ðæt, ðət /
- adjecitve
- The person or thing being talked about
- Used to identify something both the speakers know
- adverb
- Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
- To such a degree
- conjunction
- Used to connect a noun clause
- Used to introduce an adverbial clause
- Used to introduce a noun clause
- determiner
- Used as a noun to refer to something
- pronoun
- Referring an object far away
- Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’
own
US / əʊn /
•UK / on /
- adjecitve
- Belong to oneself
- determiner
- Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
- pronoun
- (Something) belong to myself
- verb
- To have something as your property
city
US / 'sɪtɪ /
•UK / ˈsɪti /
- noun
- Area with many buildings, roads and people
mean
US / mi:n /
•UK / min /
- adjecitve
- Being good at
- Nasty; unkind
- Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
- noun
- Average of a set of numbers
- verb
- To express a particular idea or thought
- To intend to do something in particular
- To have a particular meaning or value
great
US / ɡreɪt /
•UK / ɡret /
- adjecitve
- Very large in size
- Very important
- Very good; fantastic; wonderful
- adverb
- Very good; better than before
- noun
- Successful and well-admired person
rebecca
US / rɪˈbɛkə /
•UK / rəˈbɛkə /
- noun
- The (notional) leader of a movement whose supporters attacked and demolished turnpike toll gates chi
during
US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /
•UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /
- preposition
- At some point in the course of an event or thing
hard
US / hɑ:d /
•UK / hɑː(r)d /
- adjecitve
- Difficult to do; difficult to understand
- (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
- (Of alcohol) strong
- Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
- Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
- Strong
- (Of edge) clear; sharp
- Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
- adverb
- With lots of force, power, or impact
absolute
US / ˈæbsəlu:t /
•UK / ˈæbsəˌlut /
- adjecitve
- Complete; total; pure; not limited in any way
- noun
- Something that is complete, total, pure, certain
absolutely
US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /
•UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /
- adverb
- Completely; totally; very
right
US / raɪt /
•UK / raɪt /
- adjecitve
- Correct or true
- The south side of you looking at the rising sun
- adverb
- Exactly in a place or time
- Being appropriate for a particular event
- In a straight or direct manner
- noun
- Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
- Ideal of what is just and good
- Political view based on conservatism
- verb
- To fix something previously wrong or unjust
- To make upright, as a boat that has turned over
people
US / 'pi:pl /
•UK / ˈpipəl /
- noun
- Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
- Men, Women, Children
spoonful
US / 'spu:nfʊl /
•UK / ˈspunˌfʊl /
- noun
- As much as a spoon will hold
york
US / jɔ:k /
•UK / jɔrk /
- proper noun
- A city in northern England, on the Ouse River; population 136,900 (est. 2009).
- A commercial and industrial city in southeastern Pennsylvania; population 40,097 (est. 2008).
- The southwestern tip of Hayes Peninsula, on Baffin Bay in Greenland. It served as a base for US expl
everywhere
US / ˈevriweə(r) /
•UK / ˈevriwer /
- adverb
- Every place
about
US / ə'baʊt /
•UK / əˈbaʊt /
- adverb
- To be ready to; going to
- Nearly; approximately; roughly
- Near; next to; close to
- In every direction; in the area of
- preposition
- Concerning or of (a topic)
element
US / 'elɪmənt /
•UK / ˈɛləmənt /
- noun
- Essential or particular part of something
even
US / 'i:vn /
•UK / ˈivən /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
- Being divided equally or fairly
- (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
- Smooth, level, or regular
- Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
- At a regular, equally steady manner
- Remaining steady and unchanging
- adverb
- (When this is surprising) as well; too
- (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
- verb
- To make something level; to flatten
- To make something equal
tell
US / tel /
•UK / tɛl /
- verb
- To (strongly) advise a person to do something
- To be able to guess
- To say or communicate information to someone
- To inform, but without speaking; indicate
- To have a negative effect on someone
- To order someone to do something; command
- To recognize something based on certain signs
- To report something to an authority
- To explain something or teach someone something
like
US / laɪk /
•UK / laɪk /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in status or kind to something else
- Similar; the same
- adverb
- For example
- preposition
- Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
- In a way similar to the way something is done
- Such as; for example
- verb
- To want to
- To find something pleasing; to prefer something
advocate
US / 'ædvəkeɪt /
•UK / ˈædvəˌket /
- noun
- A lawyer who protects a clients interests
- Person who supports a movement for changes
- verb
- To request change
- To publicly support a belief
touch
US / tʌtʃ /
•UK / tʌtʃ /
- noun
- Certain way of doing that makes something special
- A small amount of something
- Feeling of a surface
- verb
- To affect feelings, especially by causing sympathy
- To be next to each other with no space between
- To get involved with (used in negative)
- To feel an object with your fingers, etc.
example
US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /
•UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /
- noun
- Thing, person which represents a category
eventually
US / ɪˈventʃuəli /
•UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /
- adverb
- After a long time; after many attempts; in the end
sustain
US / sə'steɪn /
•UK / səˈsten /
- verb
- To lengthen or continue to do something
- To support or maintain someone or something
- To suffer something damaging or bad
get
US / ɡet /
•UK / ɡɛt /
- verb
- To become affected by illness or disease
- To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
- To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
- To go somewhere to obtain something
- To (cause to) do a particular thing
- To obtain, receive or be given something
- To currently have
- To prepare for use
- To understand something being said or read
what
US / wɒt /
•UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /
- pronoun
- Thing or things that; the same kind as
- Used to emphasize something you are about to say
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
- Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
- adverb
- To a certain degree
- determiner
- Question words used for asking for information
- exclamation
- Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
- Used to ask people to repeat something they said
those
US / ðəʊz /
•UK / ðoz /
- determiner
- The people or things we are talking about
- pronoun
- The objects far from the speaker
through
US / θru: /
•UK / θru /
- adjecitve
- having finished using or doing something
- adverb
- From the beginning of something until the end
- preposition
- Over, in, across an entire thing or place
- Allowing you to pass between, or to
- By a particular way or process; by the use of
well
US / wel /
•UK / wɛl /
- adjecitve
- Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
- Healthy and in good condition
- adverb
- In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
- In a complete, total, or full manner
- A great and considerable degree
- In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
- exclamation
- Used to begin or continue a particular statement
- Used to show you want to start saying something
- Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
- You say this to change the topic of a conversation
- Used to indicate you are making a final remark
- noun
- Long deep hole in the ground to get water
- verb
- To cause your eyes to fill with tears
shall
US / ʃəl /
•UK / ʃæl /
- other
- Expressing the future tense, to expect to happen
- (Used to say something is required or commanded)
- (Used to make a suggestion or ask a question)
fact
US / fækt /
•UK / fækt /
- noun
- Something that is known or proved to be true
for
US / fə(r) /
•UK / fɔr,fə /
- preposition
- Used to show the purpose, or need of something
start
US / stɑ:t /
•UK / stɑrt /
- noun
- First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
- First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
- Sudden action or movement because you are scared
- other
- Beginning of something in place or time
- verb
- To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
- To turn something on
stricken
US / ˈstrɪkən /
•UK / ˈstrɪkən /
- adjecitve
- Affected by an illness, forceful blow, etc.
necessarily
US / ˌnesəˈserəli /
•UK / ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli, -ˈsɛr- /
- adverb
- In a way that is needed/required/is unavoidable
just
US / dʒʌst /
•UK / dʒʌst /
- adjecitve
- Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
- Doing or being what is right or fair
- Legally correct; having enough evidence
- adverb
- Almost; nearly
- Exactly at the time of
- Exactly (the same as, like)
stave
US / steɪv /
•UK / stev /
- noun
- Wooden post used in structures and buildings
define
US / dɪ'faɪn /
•UK / dɪˈfaɪn /
- verb
- To explain the meaning of words
- To set or mark the limits of something
stuff
US / stʌf /
•UK / stʌf /
- noun
- Generic description for things, materials, objects
- verb
- To push material inside something, with force
time
US / taɪm /
•UK / taɪm /
- noun
- Speed at which music is played; tempo
- Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
- Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
- Occasion when something happens
- Period or occasion that something occurred
- Period in history or the past
- Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
- How long an event takes; duration
- verb
- To check speed at which music is performed
- To choose a specific moment to do something
- To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
- To schedule something to occur at a specific moment
grow
US / ɡrəʊ /
•UK / ɡro /
- verb
- To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
- To improve; to develop better skills over time
- To develop and become bigger or taller over time
much
US / mʌtʃ /
•UK / mʌtʃ /
- adjecitve
- Very; to a high level or degree
- adverb
- A lot; large amount; a high degree of
- Nearly; basically
- On many occasions; often
- noun
- A large amount; a great quantity
why
US / waɪ /
•UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /
- adverb
- Question word to ask for a reason
- exclamation
- (Used to express surprise or approval)
talk
US / tɔ:k /
•UK / tɔk /
- noun
- Style of speaking
- Discussion between two countries
- Giving information in front of people; lecture
- Saying things or ideas to someone with words
- verb
- To make a formal speech about something
- To say things or ideas to someone with words
content
US / 'kɒntent /
•UK / ˈkɑnˌtɛnt /
- adjecitve
- Being happy or satisfied
- noun
- Information in something, e.g. book or computer
but
US / bət /
•UK / bʌt,bət /
- conjunction
- Used before you say something different, opposite
life
US / laɪf /
•UK / laɪf /
- noun
- All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
- Period of time things live, from birth to death
pessimistic
US / ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk /
•UK / ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk /
- adjecitve
- Having negative feelings about the future
would
US / wʊd /
•UK / wʊd /
- other
- Used to indicate something imagined
- Used to ask or request something politely
- Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
- Used to indicate a preference
- Used to indicate a reaction
- Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
- Used to indicate willingness or ability to do
wherein
US / weərˈɪn /
•UK / werˈɪn /
- adverb
- In which place, situation or thing
not
US / nɒt /
•UK / nɑt /
- adverb
- Word indicating the negative
- (Used to form the negative of verbs)
anxiety
US / æŋ'zaɪətɪ /
•UK / æŋˈzaɪɪti /
- noun
- Fear about what might happen; worry
automatic
US / ˌɔ:tə'mætɪk /
•UK / ˌɔtəˈmætɪk /
- adjecitve
- Done without conscious thought
- Operating by itself, without an operator
- noun
- Car that is able to change gears by itself
can
US / kæn /
•UK / kən,kæn /
- noun
- A metal container for storing food
- other
- Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
- verb
- To have permission to
- To be possible to do
- To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container
box
US / bɒks /
•UK / bɑ:ks /
- noun
- A marked area of a baseball field
- A container with four straight sides and a lid
- Area of seating in a theater separated from others
- A 4 sided container or shape printed on a page
- Entire amount of something inside a container
- verb
- To strike someone on the side of the head
- To pack an object in a six-sided container
- To fight with gloved hands as a sport
book
US / bʊk /
•UK / bʊk /
- noun
- Thing made of pages with writing on that you read
- verb
- (Police) to officially record someone's crimes
- To reserve (hotel room, etc.) in advance
- To produce a red or yellow card to a soccer player
mindset
US / ˈmaɪndset /
•UK / ˈmaɪndset /
- noun
- Way someone things about something
cyclic
US / ˈsaɪklɪk /
•UK / ˈsaɪklɪk /
- adjecitve
- A series of regular and repeated actions
candy
US / ˈkændi /
•UK / ˈkændi /
- noun
- Small sweet foods made mostly of sugar
- verb
- To coat food with sugar
give
US / ɡɪv /
•UK / ɡɪv /
- noun
- Degree of flexibility in something, a material
- verb
- To hand over or present something to someone
- To cause someone to have or experience something
pride
US / praɪd /
•UK / praɪd /
- noun
- Sense of your own importance and worth
- verb
- To be proud of something you did
experience
US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /
•UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /
- noun
- Thing a person has done or that happened to them
- An event at which you learned something
- Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
- verb
- To gain knowledge by doing things
good
US / ɡʊd /
•UK / ɡʊd /
- adjecitve
- Proper, appropriate or right
- (Of an amount) enough; plenty
- Excellent; high quality
- Acting well or properly; of moral character
- In a positive or happy emotional state
- noun
- Advantage or benefit
now
US / naʊ /
•UK / naʊ /
- adverb
- At the present time or moment
- Right away or in the next possible moment
- Used to refer to something that just happened
- Time between the present and a moment in the past
- conjunction
- Resulting from or because of something
realist
US / ˈri:əlɪst /
•UK / ˈriəlɪst /
- noun
- Person who accepts things as they are
really
US / ˈri:əli /
•UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /
- adverb
- Used to stress something that is said; definitely
- In a true or accurate manner
- Very
mind
US / maɪnd /
•UK / maɪnd /
- noun
- One's opinion or way of thinking about something
- Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
- verb
- To be bothered or upset by something
- To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard
see
US / si: /
•UK / si /
- verb
- To go on a date with someone
- To predict whether something is, or will be true
- To understand what someone says
- To use your eyes to look at something
- To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
- To visit or meet with someone
- To find out by waiting or looking
- To watch (a game, movie or TV show)
pessimism
US / ˈpesɪmɪzəm /
•UK / ˈpɛsəˌmɪzəm /
- noun
- Inclination to expect negative outcomes
his
US / hɪz /
•UK / hɪz /
- pronoun
- Something belonging to a male person
public
US / 'pʌblɪk /
•UK / ˈpʌblɪk /
- adjecitve
- Owned by the government
- Concerning society in general
- Being available or accessible to people in general
- Known or able to be known by all people
cover
US / 'kʌvə(r) /
•UK / ˈkʌvɚ /
- noun
- A different version of another song
- Bed sheets; blankets
- (Police or military) protection from attack
- Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
- Thing you put over something to close or hide it
- Front and back part of a book or magazine
- Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
- verb
- To record a different version of another song
- To include as part of its area
- To put something over something to hide it
- To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
- To form a layer over something so it is hidden
- To have sufficient funds to pay for something
- To include something within an agreed limit
- To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
- (Police or military) to protect from attack
- To travel a certain distance in a given time
- To wrap something with something, such as a cloth
negative
US / 'neɡətɪv /
•UK / ˈnɛɡətɪv /
- adjecitve
- Being harmful, unwanted or unhelpful
- In mathematics, being less than zero
- Focusing on the bad aspects; pessimistic
- noun
- The opposite to a positive electrical charge
- In grammar, containing words such as 'no' or 'not'
- Reply to a question or statement that means 'no'
- Image on camera film used to make a photo
dark
US / dɑ:k /
•UK / dɑrk /
- adjecitve
- Of a color that is not light
- Marked by unhappiness or hopelessness
- Having little or no light; not light in color
- noun
- The time of day when the sky is black
world
US / wɜ:ld /
•UK / wɜrld /
- noun
- All the humans, events, activities on the earth
- Political division due to some kind of similarity
know
US / nəʊ /
•UK / noʊ /
- verb
- To be familiar with a person or place, thing
- To feel sure or be convinced about something
- To discover or be aware of something
- To be able to distinguish
- To have knowledge of things
melancholy
US / ˈmelənkəli /
•UK / ˈmɛlənˌkɑli /
- adverb
- Having a sad mood or feeling
end
US / end /
•UK / ɛnd /
- noun
- The point where a process or activity stops
- A point that marks the limit of something; finish
- Goal or desired result
- The tip, edge or limit of something
- verb
- To be the last part of something
darkness
US / 'dɑ:knəs /
•UK / ˈdɑrknɪs /
- noun
- The state or quality of being dark in color
tea
US / ti: /
•UK / ti /
- noun
- A full meal eaten around 5-7 p.m (in the UK)
- Drink made when you put dried leaves in hot water
- Snack with a hot drink and cake, in the afternoon
bear
US / bɛː /
•UK / bɛr /
- noun
- Large brown animal with fur that lives in forests
- Someone who expects stock market to fall
- verb
- To accept (responsibilities or duties)
- To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
- To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
- To keep moving left or right while going forward
- To show (sign of something)
- To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge
almost
US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /
•UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /
- adverb
- Only a little less than, nearly, not quite
could
US / kəd /
•UK / kʊd /
- other
- Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
- Used to ask for something politely, or to offer
emotion
US / iˈməuʃən /
•UK / ɪˈmoʃən /
- noun
- A feeling such as sadness, anger or love
with
US / wɪð /
•UK / wɪð, wɪθ /
- preposition
- As an employee of a certain company
- Against something or someone
- By using something as a means
- Due to; because of
- Including
- Possessing as a feature
- Related to
- (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
- Used to express that people or things are together
store
US / stɔ:(r) /
•UK / stɔr, stor /
- noun
- Place where things are kept for future use
- Place where you can go to buy things
- verb
- To put things in a place for later use
town
US / taʊn /
•UK / taʊn /
- noun
- Small city
- Part of city with shops and entertainments
have
US / həv /
•UK / hæv /
- verb
- To drink, smoke, eat or use something
- To experience the effects of something
- To organize an event, or join in an activity
- To own, possess, or hold something
- To cause to happen or produce a particular effect
manage
US / ˈmænɪdʒ /
•UK / ˈmænɪdʒ /
- verb
- To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
- To run or operate a business by directing others
moment
US / 'məʊmənt /
•UK / 'moʊmənt /
- noun
- Very short or brief period of time
- A particular period in time
background
US / ˈbækgraʊnd /
•UK / ˈbækˌɡraʊnd /
- noun
- Images, color, or information behind the main one
- Someone's personal work and educational history
- A position not as important as the main event
- Past events that influence things in the present
cynical
US / ˈsɪnɪkl /
•UK / ˈsɪnɪkəl /
- adjecitve
- Always believing that bad things are the reasons
all
US / ɔ:l /
•UK / ɔl /
- adverb
- Completely; totally
- determiner
- Being every one of something
- pronoun
- 100% of something; the complete amount
pessimist
US / ˈpesɪmɪst /
•UK / ˈpesɪmɪst /
- noun
- Person that always thinks the worst will happen
herbal
US / ˈhɜ:bl /
•UK / ˈɜ:rbl /
- adjecitve
- Being made of small plants used for food, medicine
empty
US / 'emptɪ /
•UK / ˈɛmpti /
- adjecitve
- Containing nothing; with no contents
- Without emotions, feelings, meaning or force
- noun
- Item, e.g. a bottle, whose contents have been used
- verb
- To remove the contents from something
work
US / wɜ:k /
•UK / wɚk /
- adjecitve
- Activity completed in order to make money
- noun
- The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
- Everything created by an author, artist, musician
- Activity you do in order to make money
- Place of employment
- Final product or result of a some labor or effort
- verb
- To bring into a specific state of success
- To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
- To do your job in your company or workplace
- To make an effort to do something
- To operate a machine or device
loom
US / lu:m /
•UK / lum /
- noun
- Device with a frame used to make cloth from thread
- verb
- To appear in a large, unclear, or threatening form
- (Of unpleasant thing) to be close to happening
platitude
US / ˈplætɪtju:d /
•UK / ˈplætɪˌtud, -ˌtjud /
- noun
- Often repeated statement that says nothing new
pleasant
US / 'pleznt /
•UK / ˈplɛzənt /
- adjecitve
- Causing a good feeling
- Being polite or friendly
technique
US / tekˈni:k /
•UK / tɛkˈnik /
- noun
- Way of doing by using special knowledge or skill
thank
US / θæŋk /
•UK / θæŋk /
- verb
- To tell someone you are grateful to them
look
US / lʊk /
•UK / lʊk /
- noun
- Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
- Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
- The way someone, something appears to be
- Act of searching for or examining something
- verb
- To appear to be; seem
who
US / hu: /
•UK / hu /
- pronoun
- Which person
- Used to introduce information about people
nice
US / naɪs /
•UK / naɪs /
- adjecitve
- Being attractive or of high quality or value
- Good or enjoyable
- Being kind or friendly
manifesto
US / ˌmænɪ'festəʊ /
•UK / ˌmænəˈfɛsto /
- noun
- Political statement of the beliefs or policies
predate
US / 'pri:'deɪt /
•UK / priˈdet /
- verb
- To come from an earlier time than something else
change
US / tʃeɪndʒ /
•UK / tʃendʒ /
- noun
- Exchange of one set of clothes for another
- Money in the form of coins instead of paper
- Money returned after giving too much
- Act of making or becoming something else
- verb
- To exchange one set of clothes for another
- To exchange one kind of money for another
- To replace something with another thing
- To make or become something else
- To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another
medicine
US / ˈmedsn /
•UK / ˈmɛdɪsɪn /
- noun
- Something used in treating illness or pain
- Science of preventing, treating, or curing disease
very
US / 'verɪ /
•UK / ˈvɛri /
- adjecitve
- Concerning a large degree or amount
- adverb
- A lot; much; many
- Used to stress or emphasize a noun
way
US / weɪ /
•UK / we /
- adverb
- Used to emphasize the amount of something
- noun
- Particular aspect of something being thought about
- One of various choices that could be made
- Particular existing condition or state
- (Often long) distance or length of time
- How something is done
- Route to go to a place
- Small street
- Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone
defense
US / dɪ'fens /
•UK / dɪˈfɛns /
- noun
- Argument in support of something
- The process of protecting something from attack
- Part of a team that prevents others from scoring
they
US / ðeɪ /
•UK / ðe /
- pronoun
- Two or more people, animals, or things
everything
US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /
•UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /
- pronoun
- All of the things mentioned
diagnose
US / ˈdaɪəgnəʊz /
•UK / ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊs /
- verb
- To determine the cause of an illness or problem
management
US / 'mænɪdʒmənt /
•UK / ˈmænɪdʒmənt /
- noun
- People who are in control of a business or group
- The process of running an organization
brayton
US / ˈbreɪtən /
•UK / /
their
US / ðɛː /
•UK / ðer /
- determiner
- Belonging to them
burst
US / bɜ:st /
•UK / bɚst /
- noun
- Brief time period when something happens and ends
- verb
- To move (arrive, exit, etc.) suddenly or hurriedly
- To break apart/open in a sudden and violent way
anybody
US / ˈenibɒdi /
•UK / ˈenibʌdi /
- pronoun
- Any person; anyone
any
US / 'enɪ /
•UK / ˈɛni /
- adjecitve
- One, or some, no matter which
- pronoun
- One (thing) of many; some
entirely
US / ɪnˈtaɪəli /
•UK / ɪnˈtaɪərli /
- adverb
- Wholly; completely
beyond
US / bɪ'jɒnd /
•UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /
- adverb
- On or to the farther side
- In addition to
- preposition
- Later in time than
- Out of the limits of
vinegar
US / ˈvɪnɪgə(r) /
•UK / ˈvɪnɪɡɚ /
- noun
- Sharp-tasting liquid made from sour wine, malt etc.
and
US / ənd /
•UK / ənd, ən,ænd /
- conjunction
- Used to refer to two or more things
- Plus; in addition; on top of that
- Used to introduce an action that follows another
completely
US / kəmˈpli:tli /
•UK / kəmˈpliːtli /
- adverb
- In every way or as much as possible
swallow
US / 'swɒləʊ /
•UK / ˈswɑː.loʊ /
- noun
- Small northern bird with downward-pointing wings
- Making food or drink go down to the stomach
- verb
- To believe (something that is not true)
- To make food go from your mouth to your stomach
- To cover or hide something
brush
US / brʌʃ /
•UK / brʌʃ /
- noun
- Quick and gentle movement
- Thing with hairs used to apply paint, etc.
- Thing used to comb your hair or to clean the floor
- verb
- To touch against a thing very lightly when moving
- To clean, paint, or apply something with a brush
- To clean using a long stick with stiff hairs
lot
US / lɒt /
•UK / lɑt /
- noun
- What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
- A group of people seen together
- Item for sale at an auction
- Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking
finally
US / ˈfaɪnəli /
•UK / ˈfaɪnəli /
- adverb
- used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
- After a long time or some difficulty
prescribe
US / prɪ'skraɪb /
•UK / prɪˈskraɪb /
- verb
- (Of doctors) to say what medicine should be taken
- To set down rules or guidelines
inspiration
US / ˌɪnspə'reɪʃn /
•UK / ˌɪnspəˈreʃən /
- noun
- Force making you feel you can do things, succeed
where
US / hwɛə /
•UK / hwɛr, wɛr /
- conjunction
- At or in the place which
- In whatever place
- pronoun
- Word you use to ask the location of something
essay
US / 'eseɪ /
•UK / ˈɛsˌe, ɛˈse /
- noun
- Short piece of written opinion on a subject
cancer
US / 'kænsə(r) /
•UK / ˈkænsɚ /
- noun
- Any growth caused by abnormal cell division
from
US / frəm /
•UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /
- preposition
- Starting at a particular place, time or level
meet
US / mi:t /
•UK / mit /
- noun
- Sporting competition e.g. swimming
- verb
- To provide something that is necessary
- To come together at a certain time or place
come
US / kʌm /
•UK / kʌm /
- verb
- To arrive at a place
- (Of mail) to be delivered
- To move toward someone; go with someone
- To reach a certain point or state
anything
US / ˈeniθɪŋ /
•UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /
- pronoun
- A thing of any kind
think
US / θɪŋk /
•UK / θɪŋk /
- verb
- To have an idea about something without certainty
- To have an idea, opinion or belief about something
sugar
US / ˈʃʊgə(r) /
•UK / ˈʃʊɡɚ /
- noun
- Substance which the body stores or uses for energy
- Amount of sugar contained in a small spoon
- Used to address someone you like or love
- White sweet substance used to make foods sweeter
- verb
- To add, put on, or mix a food or drink with sugar
out
US / aʊt /
•UK / aʊt /
- adverb
- No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
- Away from home, business, or the usual place
- In a direction/movement away from inside or center
- noun
- Act when a batter cannot continue playing
- verb
- To tell people a secret
hope
US / həʊp /
•UK / hop /
- noun
- When you wish something will happen; what you wish
- verb
- To expect and want something to happen
defensive
US / dɪˈfensɪv /
•UK / dɪˈfɛnsɪv /
- adjecitve
- Protecting something, yourself from attack
disaster
US / dɪ'zɑ:stə(r) /
•UK / dɪˈzæstɚ, -ˈsæs- /
- noun
- State of extreme ruin and misfortune
most
US / məʊst /
•UK / most /
- adverb
- Very; extremely
- Greatest possible degree
- pronoun
- Nearly all of something
call
US / kɔ:l /
•UK / kɔl /
- noun
- A order or request for action
- The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
- A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
- A short visit to a place or person
- A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
- verb
- To make a request or order for action
- (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
- To announce the date of an election
- To make a judgment about something
- To give someone or something a name
- To guess in advance the result or outcome
- To visit a place or person for a short time
- To phone someone
- To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice
particular
US / pəˈtɪkjələ(r) /
•UK / pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ, pəˈtɪk- /
- adjecitve
- One specific (one)
- Having firm ideas about what is desirable
- Being special or more than is typical
writing
US / ˈraɪtɪŋ /
•UK / ˈraɪtɪŋ /
- noun
- The act of composing letters on paper
- other
- To invent or create a computer program
- verb
- To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
- To invent or create a computer program
- To create a song or piece of music
something
US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /
•UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /
- adverb
- In some degree or measure
- noun
- a person or thing of some value or consequence
- pronoun
- Thing that is not yet known or named
- Approximately
put
US / pʊt /
•UK / pʊt /
- phrasal verb
- to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
- verb
- To move or place a thing in a particular position
- To rate something in importance or value
- To write or say something in a certain manner
precisely
US / prɪˈsaɪsli /
•UK / prɪˈsaɪsli /
- adverb
- In an exact and accurate manner
- (Emphasizes that a statement is totally correct)
try
US / traɪ /
•UK / traɪ /
- noun
- Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
- verb
- To make an effort, to attempt to do something
- To examine someone or something in a court of law
- To test to see if it is good or you like it
- To make a person go through hardship; test
- To examine something to see if it works
stick
US / stɪk /
•UK / stɪk /
- noun
- Long thin piece of wood from a tree
- verb
- To push a sharp or pointed object into something
- To join together using glue or paste
- To remain in one place or position for a long time
many
US / 'menɪ /
•UK / ˈmɛni /
- determiner
- Used to refer a large number of things
point
US / pɔɪnt /
•UK / pɔɪnt /
- noun
- An item to be discussed
- Small spot or dot
- Fact or detail
- Feature of something
- The size of the text on a page or screen
- A certain time or stage in a process
- Certain position in time or space
- Idea or fact you try to convince people about
- Measurement of scores in a game, sport
- Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
- verb
- To face a certain direction, e.g. north
- To indicate something with your finger to others
should
US / ʃʊd /
•UK / ʃʊd /
- other
- Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable
actually
US / ˈæktʃuəli /
•UK / ˈæktʃuəli /
- adverb
- Used to add new (often different) information
sort
US / sɔ:t /
•UK / sɔrt /
- noun
- Group or class of similar things or people
- verb
- To organize things by putting them into groups
- To deal with things in an organized way
thereby
US / ˈðɛəbai /
•UK / ðɛrˈbaɪ /
- adverb
- By that means; because of that
probably
US / ˈprɒbəbli /
•UK / ˈprɑbəbli /
- adverb
- That is likely to happen or be true
originate
US / ə'rɪdʒɪneɪt /
•UK / əˈrɪdʒəˌnet /
- verb
- To first come into existence
- To create or start something
reality
US / rɪ'ælətɪ /
•UK / riˈælɪti /
- noun
- What is true, as opposed to what is imagined
describe
US / dɪ'skraɪb /
•UK / dɪˈskraɪb /
- verb
- To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something
scenario
US / sɪˈnɑː.ri.əʊ /
•UK / səˈner.i.oʊ /
- noun
- An imagined sequence of events in a plan/project
wait
US / weɪt /
•UK / wet /
- verb
- To delay or not do something until later
- To spend time until an expected thing happens
- To remain in a place until a thing happens
side
US / saɪd /
•UK / saɪd /
- adjecitve
- In addition to the central or most important thing
- Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
- noun
- Position or opinion that is opposite to another
- Right or left part of a person's body
- Feature of someone's personality
- Straight edge of an object
- One of two or more groups fighting each other
- verb
- To decide to agree with one point, not the other
write
US / raɪt /
•UK / raɪt /
- verb
- To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
- To invent or create a computer program
- To create a song or piece of music
speak
US / spi:k /
•UK / spik /
- verb
- To be able to use a certain language
- To use words to tell information, express thoughts
new
US / nju: /
•UK / nu, nju /
- adjecitve
- Not old, recently born, built or made
- Being or doing something for the first time
- Not felt, seen or known previously
- Having been recently bought or obtained
characterize
US / 'kærəktəraɪz /
•UK / ˈkærəktəˌraɪz /
- verb
- To describe the qualities of person, place, thing
use
US / ju:s /
•UK / ju:s /
- noun
- Ability to employ something
- Need to enable it to work
- Permission to do something with something
- Act of spending money
- Operation of a machine for its function
- verb
- To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
- To need to operate or work
- To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
- To treat a person badly
- To do something with, for a task or purpose
beautiful
US / 'bju:tɪfl /
•UK / ˈbjutəfəl /
- adjecitve
- Having dome something well
- Being very attractive or appealing physically
feel
US / fi:l /
•UK / fil /
- verb
- To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
- To sense through direct contact; touch
will
US / wɪl /
•UK / wɪl /
- noun
- Desire or choice of someone
- Document saying who gets your money when you die
- Strong desire to do something; determination
- Desire to do something; strong wish to do
- other
- Used with verbs to express the future
- verb
- To leave property to someone after your death
- To use mental effort to make something happen
- Am (is, are) likely to do
- To influence someone to do something
- To make something happen by strongly wanting it
too
US / tu: /
•UK / tu /
- adverb
- In addition, also; with emphasis
- Say that something is more than you want
one
US / wʌn /
•UK / wʌn /
- pronoun
- You; we; people in general; someone
- The thing or person previously referred to
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to people generally
- Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
- number
- Number 1
state
US / steɪt /
•UK / stet /
- adjecitve
- Concerning region within a country
- noun
- Region within a country, with its own government
- Situation or condition something is in
- verb
- To say; declare as fact
this
US / ðɪs /
•UK / ðɪs /
- adjecitve
- Used to indicate something already been discussed
- Used to indicate something happening around now
- adverb
- An indication by a physical motion or gesture
- A specific amount of
- determiner
- Person, thing, or idea near you
- pronoun
- Person, thing that has already been discussed
simply
US / ˈsɪmpli /
•UK / ˈsɪmpli /
- adverb
- In an easy or clear manner
ready
US / 'redɪ /
•UK / ˈrɛdi /
- adjecitve
- Being likely or about to do something
- Being willing to do a task
- verb
- To prepare something for use or action
live
US / lɪv /
•UK / liv /
- adjecitve
- Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
- Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
- Glowing because burning; hot
- Not yet killed (for food)
- adverb
- (Music, drama) as it is performed
- verb
- To be alive
- To experience a particular type of life
- To make your home in a house or town
lucky
US / 'lʌkɪ /
•UK / ˈlʌki /
- adjecitve
- Fortunate; having good things happen by chance
half
US / hɑ:f /
•UK / hæf, hɑf /
- adjecitve
- Not complete
- adverb
- Partly; somewhat
- noun
- One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
- The part you get when one is divided into two;
able
US / 'eɪbl /
•UK / ˈebəl /
- adjecitve
- Skilled; good at something
- Having the ability to do something
surface
US / 'sɜ:fɪs /
•UK / ˈsɚfəs /
- adjecitve
- Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
- noun
- Top layer of the ground or of water
- Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
- Outside or upper layer of something
- verb
- To give (road) a top layer
- To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
- To come to the top of something; emerge
- To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.
make
US / meɪk /
•UK / mek /
- noun
- Product made by a particular company; brand
- verb
- To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
- To get to (a place) on time
- To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
- To create something by putting things together
- To earn a certain amount of money at a job
- To cause or force a person to do something
- To cause something to happen or be formed
less
US / les /
•UK / lɛs /
- adjecitve
- Smaller in amount or degree
- adverb
- To a smaller degree
- noun
- A smaller amount
- preposition
- With the subtraction of
treat
US / tri:t /
•UK / trit /
- noun
- Something you buy for others as a surprise present
- something that tastes good and that is not eaten often
- verb
- To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
- To use medical methods to try to cure an illness
- To act in a certain way toward someone
sunny
US / 'sʌnɪ /
•UK / ˈsʌni /
- adjecitve
- Feeling or being cheerful, happy, and friendly
- When the sun is bright in the sky
filter
US / 'fɪltə(r) /
•UK / ˈfɪltɚ /
- noun
- Device to remove certain types of light, sound
- Device to remove unwanted things from liquid, gas
- verb
- To remove certain types of light, sound
- To remove unwanted substances from a liquid or gas
kind
US / kaɪnd /
•UK / kaɪnd /
- adjecitve
- In a caring and helpful manner
- friendly and considerate
- noun
- One type of thing
construct
US / kənˈstrʌkt /
•UK / kənˈstrʌkt /
- noun
- A thought, theory or hypothesis
- verb
- To build or create something
- To create a sentence, story, argument or theory
let
US / let /
•UK / lɛt /
- verb
- To allow someone to do something
- Introducing a suggestion to do something together
- To rent a house, etc. to others
phenomenon
US / fə'nɒmɪnən /
•UK / fɪˈnɑməˌnɑn, -nən /
- noun
- Unusual event, fact that can be studied
- Interesting or unusual person, group
- something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesti
welcome
US / 'welkəm /
•UK / ˈwɛlkəm /
- adjecitve
- Being what was wanted or needed
- noun
- Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
- verb
- To greet someone who has just arrived
- To accept or receive something happily and gladly
how
US / haʊ /
•UK / haʊ /
- adjecitve
- To what degree? in what amount?
- adverb
- (Used to explain the way to do something)
- exclamation
- For what purpose or reason?
- (Used to ask someone or something's condition)
the
US / ðə /
•UK / ðə /
- article
- Used to refer to something already mentioned
- Used to show there is only one of something
- determiner
- Used to describe all of a family
lead
US / li:d /
•UK / lid /
- adjecitve
- Being the main part in movies or plays
- noun
- Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
- Information that could help to solve a crime
- Main part in a play or movie
- Heavy, gray metal element
- Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
- Act of being at the front in a race or game
- verb
- To show the way or guide others
- To be at the front of a race or game
- To travel in front of; go in advance of others
you
US / jʊ /
•UK / ju /
- pronoun
- Person someone is speaking or writing to
- Person or people in general