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Scientists "See" Ocean Floor via Sonar | National Geographic

Video vocabulary

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

direct

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US / də'rekt /

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

A2
  • adverb
  • Coming straight from something
  • verb
  • To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
  • To show the way by conducting or leading
  • To control the acting in a movie or play

debris

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US / dəˈbri:, deɪ-, ˈdeɪˌbri: /

UK / dəˈbri, de-, ˈdeˌbri /

B2
  • noun
  • Remains of something broken or destroyed

visual

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US / 'vɪʒʊəl /

UK / ˈvɪʒuəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of or relating to vision
  • noun
  • Pictures/images used to help audience understand

shipwreck

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US / ˈʃɪprek /

UK / ˈʃɪpˌrɛk /

C2
  • noun
  • Loss/destruction of a ship at sea by a storm, etc.

wave

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US / weɪv /

UK / wev /

A2
  • noun
  • Movement of sound, air or energy
  • Deep and strong emotion that is suddenly felt
  • Slightly curved shape in hair
  • Frequency of movement of objects together
  • Up and down movement of water in a lake or sea
  • Signal with your hand to say hello or goodbye
  • verb
  • To cause to move side to side or back and forth
  • To swing back and forth as a result of the wind
  • To move your hand or arm to say hello or goodbye

continuous

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US / kənˈtɪnjuəs /

UK / kənˈtɪnjuəs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening, existing, or performed without stops

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

ridge

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US / rɪdʒ /

UK / rɪdʒ /

B1
  • noun
  • Edge where two leaning surfaces meet
  • Raised, narrow area, usually on top of a hill

floor

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US / flɔ:(r) /

UK / flɔr, flor /

A1
  • noun
  • Large area used for a particular purpose
  • Part of a room on which you stand
  • Particular level in a building; storey
  • verb
  • To hit or push someone to the ground
  • To surprise or confuse someone who can't respond

lie

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US / laɪ /

UK / lai /

A2
  • noun
  • An untrue statement, when you know it is not true
  • verb
  • To be in a horizontal or flat position
  • To say something that you know is not true

pilot

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US / 'paɪlət /

UK / ˈpaɪlət /

A2
  • noun
  • Person flying a plane; expert guide for a ship
  • verb
  • To conduct a small practice experiment
  • To fly a plane; to direct a ship
  • To try TV program out to see if it would succeed

observe

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US / əbˈzɜ:v /

UK / əbˈzɜ:rv /

A2
  • verb
  • To celebrate a particular holiday/religious event
  • To obey or follow laws, rules, or customs
  • To watch carefully; to make a comment

agency

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US / 'eɪdʒənsɪ /

UK / ˈedʒənsi /

B1
  • noun
  • Business that provides some service for others

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

hope

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US / həʊp /

UK / hop /

A1
  • noun
  • When you wish something will happen; what you wish
  • verb
  • To expect and want something to happen

base

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US / beɪs /

UK / bes /

A2
  • noun
  • Place military personnel live, train, and operate
  • Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
  • Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
  • Most important idea or ingredient to add others
  • Origin or start from which something came
  • Main place where an organization or a person works
  • verb
  • To use as the starting point or origin for
  • To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

caribbean

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US / ˌkærɪˈbi:ən /

UK / ˌkærəˈbiən, kəˈrɪbiən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Caribbean

lawn

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US / lɔ:n /

UK / lɔn /

B1
  • noun
  • Fine cotton cloth, either plain or printed
  • Ground on which grass grows, as in a garden

administration

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US / ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn /

UK / ædˌmɪnɪˈstreʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of giving e.g. medicine to a patient
  • The work of running something, e.g. a business
  • People managing a business, government etc.

picture

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US / 'pɪktʃə(r) /

UK / ˈpɪktʃɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • General situation or state of being
  • Mental image of what something is or looks like
  • Movie; film
  • Painting, drawing or photograph on paper or screen
  • verb
  • To understand or imagine something
  • To imagine someone or something in an image

back

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US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

paint

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US / peɪnt /

UK / pent /

A1
  • noun
  • Colored liquid you apply with a brush
  • verb
  • To make a picture with colored liquids
  • To describe as
  • To apply a color, oil or sealant with a brush

underway

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US / ˌʌndəˈweɪ /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈwe /

B2
  • adverb
  • Happening now

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

echo

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US / 'ekəʊ /

UK / 'ekoʊ /

B1
  • noun
  • Repetition of sounds after bouncing off something
  • A repetition of events or circumstances
  • verb
  • (Of a place) to be filled with repeating sounds
  • (Of a sound) to be repeated
  • To repeat something, e.g. something someone said

far

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US / fɑ:(r) /

UK / fɑr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A long way away
  • Being a long way away
  • adverb
  • To a large degree or extent

comprehensive

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US / ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv /

UK / ˌkɑ:mprɪˈhensɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Including most or all things

national

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US / 'næʃnəl /

UK / ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a nation as a whole
  • noun
  • A person of a particular country

seagrass

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US / ˈsiːɡrɑːs /

UK / ˈsiːɡræs /

A1
  • other
  • Any of various seaweeds that grow underwater in shallow beds

anything

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US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • A thing of any kind

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

coral

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US / 'kɒrəl /

UK / ˈkɑrəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Color that is a combination of pink and orange
  • noun
  • Marine substance made from bones of sea creatures

fish

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US / fɪʃ /

UK / fɪʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Animal that swims and lives in water
  • verb
  • To go fishing with a net or hook

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

lake

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US / leɪk /

UK / lek /

A2
  • noun
  • Large area of water surrounded by land

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

reflect

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US / rɪ'flekt /

UK / rɪˈflɛkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To indicate or be a sign of something
  • To bounce back light, heat, sound from a surface
  • To show an image in glass, water, a mirror etc.
  • To think of something seriously and carefully

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

add

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US / æd /

UK / æd /

A1
  • verb
  • To include as well
  • To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

virgin

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US / ˈvɜ:dʒɪn /

UK / ˈvɚdʒɪn /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Never having had sexual intercourse
  • noun
  • Someone who did not do a thing before; first timer
  • Person who has never had sexual intercourse

observation

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US / ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn /

UK / ˌɑbzɚˈveʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Remark or comment on something you noticed
  • Practice of performing actions required by rules

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

old

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US / əʊld /

UK / old /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having existed for a long time, not young or new
  • Age of a person since birth

someday

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US / 'sʌmdeɪ /

UK / 'sʌmˌdeɪ /

C2
  • adverb
  • At some unspecified time in the future

nancy

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US / ˈnænsi /

UK / ˈnænsi, nɑŋˈsi /

A1
  • adjective
  • Effeminate.
  • noun
  • An effeminate or gay man.
  • proper noun
  • A city in northeastern France, chief town of Lorraine; population 107,434 (2006).

rico

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • abbreviation
  • (in the US) Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act.

management

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US / 'mænɪdʒmənt /

UK / ˈmænɪdʒmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • People who are in control of a business or group
  • The process of running an organization

produce

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US / prə'dju:s /

UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /

A1
  • noun
  • Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
  • verb
  • To grow something naturally
  • To make something appear
  • To manufacture something using machines
  • To control the making a movie or television show

zigzag

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US / 'zɪɡzæɡ /

UK / ˈzɪɡˌzæɡ /

B2
  • noun
  • One of a series of short sharp turns or angles

clearly

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US / ˈklɪəlɪ /

UK / ˈklɪrlɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In a way that is easy to understand; obviously

costa

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US / 'kɒstə /

UK / 'kɒstə /

A1
  • other
  • A riblike part of a plant or animal (such as a middle rib of a leaf or a thickened vein of an insect

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

several

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US / ˈsevrəl /

UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Many of
  • pronoun
  • More than two but not a large amount

spot

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US / spɒt /

UK / spɑt /

A2
  • noun
  • A certain place or area
  • A difficult time; awkward situation
  • Place or ranking on a list
  • A small amount of (substance help hard work etc.)
  • Mark caused by a drop of liquid, food, etc.
  • verb
  • To see someone or something by chance

chart

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US / tʃɑ:t /

UK / tʃɑ:rt /

B1
  • noun
  • Drawing showing information in a clear way
  • Map of the sea or stars
  • verb
  • To make a plan for future action
  • To make a map of
  • To keep a record of developments over time

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

attention

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US / əˈtenʃn /

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Taking notice of someone or something
  • (Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

change

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US / tʃeɪndʒ /

UK / tʃendʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Exchange of one set of clothes for another
  • Money in the form of coins instead of paper
  • Money returned after giving too much
  • Act of making or becoming something else
  • verb
  • To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • To exchange one kind of money for another
  • To replace something with another thing
  • To make or become something else
  • To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

thomas

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US / 'tɒməs /

UK / 'tɑməs /

A1
  • other
  • A radio broadcast journalist during World War I and World War II noted for his nightly new broadcast

effectively

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US / ɪˈfektɪvli /

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪvli /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a way that produces the desired result

project

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US / prəˈdʒekt /

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

A1
  • noun
  • A planned piece of work for specific purpose
  • Group of homes built by government for poor people
  • verb
  • To predict what will happen in the future
  • To show something on a screen using light
  • To stick out past the edge of something

mapping

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US / ˈmæpɪŋ /

UK / ˈmæpɪŋ /

A2
  • verb
  • To draw a diagram to show the geography of an area
  • To find points of similarity between things

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

update

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US / ˌʌpˈdeɪt /

UK / ʌpˈdet /

B1
  • noun
  • Addition of a current version of something
  • New information or data to make more current
  • verb
  • To download the latest version of software
  • To make more current or modern

top

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US / tɒp /

UK / tɑp /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good or great; excellent
  • Being the most in degree or quality
  • noun
  • Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
  • A cover or lid
  • Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
  • Highest or upper part or point of something
  • Best or highest status or position
  • Flat upper surface or edge of an object
  • Child's toy that spins on its point
  • Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
  • Winning in a sport or contest
  • verb
  • To be higher or larger than a specific value
  • To arrive at the highest point of something
  • To put a cover or layer or over something
  • To kill; murder
  • To hold the highest position on a list
  • To be more important, successful or better than
  • To beat someone or win at a game

technique

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US / tekˈni:k /

UK / tɛkˈnik /

A2
  • noun
  • Way of doing by using special knowledge or skill

part

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US / pɑ:t /

UK / pɑ:rt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To some degree; half; not fully
  • noun
  • Division of a book
  • Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
  • A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
  • Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
  • Some, but not all of a specific thing
  • Role in causing something to happen
  • verb
  • To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
  • To move two things apart creating a space
  • To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

scientist

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US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who is trained in a science

explore

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US / ɪk'splɔ:(r) /

UK / ɪkˈsplɔr /

A2
  • verb
  • To examine something in detail to learn about it
  • To travel to a place to discover more about it

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

seafloor

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US / 'si:flɒə /

UK / ˈsiˌflɔr, -ˌflor /

C2
  • noun
  • Bottom of the sea

reef

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US / ri:f /

UK / rif /

B2
  • noun
  • Line of rocks or sand at the surface of the ocean
  • Rolling up sail to make it smaller in strong winds
  • verb
  • To roll up sail to make it smaller in strong winds

sailing

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US / ˈseɪlɪŋ /

UK / ˈselɪŋ /

A2
  • noun
  • Trip or journey on a ship
  • Act of moving a boat across water
  • verb
  • To travel across water in a boat or a ship
  • To move along quickly and smoothly

seabed

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US / ˈsi:bed /

UK / ˈsiˌbɛd /

C2
  • noun
  • Bottom of the sea

linkage

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US / ˈlɪŋkɪdʒ /

UK / ˈlɪŋkɪdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • A system of connections joining items

coast

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US / kəʊst /

UK / kost /

A2
  • noun
  • Land near the sea or ocean
  • verb
  • To progress in something without trying hard
  • (Of a vehicle) to move forward without power

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

cover

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US / 'kʌvə(r) /

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • A different version of another song
  • Bed sheets; blankets
  • (Police or military) protection from attack
  • Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
  • Thing you put over something to close or hide it
  • Front and back part of a book or magazine
  • Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
  • verb
  • To record a different version of another song
  • To include as part of its area
  • To put something over something to hide it
  • To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
  • To form a layer over something so it is hidden
  • To have sufficient funds to pay for something
  • To include something within an agreed limit
  • To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
  • (Police or military) to protect from attack
  • To travel a certain distance in a given time
  • To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

protect

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US / prə'tekt /

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

A1
  • verb
  • To defend someone or something from harm or danger

datum

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US / ˈdeɪtəm /

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

B1
  • noun
  • Item of factual information

equip

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US / ɪ'kwɪp /

UK / ɪˈkwɪp /

A2
  • verb
  • To provide with necessary materials or skills

toolbox

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US / ˈtu:lbɒks /

UK / ˈtulˌbɑks /

C2
  • noun
  • Box, chest or cabinet for holding hand tools

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

gear

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US / ɡɪə(r) /

UK / ɡɪr /

B1
  • noun
  • A speed selector connected to an engine
  • Special clothes you use for a purpose
  • Toothed wheel shifting power from engine to wheels
  • verb
  • To aim at or prepare yourself for something

island

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US / ˈaɪlənd /

UK / ˈaɪlənd /

A1
  • noun
  • Area of land that is surrounded by water

sail

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US / seɪl /

UK / sel /

A2
  • noun
  • Trip or journey on a ship
  • Cloth used to power a boat by wind
  • verb
  • To travel across water in a boat or a ship
  • To move along quickly and smoothly

his

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US / hɪz /

UK / hɪz /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Something belonging to a male person

information

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US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Collection of facts and details about something

community

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US / kə'mju:nətɪ /

UK / kəˈmjunɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • Group of people who share a common idea or area

lionfish

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US / 'laɪənfɪʃ /

UK / 'laɪənˌfɪʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Brightly striped fish of the tropical Pacific having elongated spiny fins

air

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US / eə(r) /

UK / er /

A1
  • noun
  • Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
  • A person's manner intended to impress others
  • verb
  • To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
  • To broadcast a TV or radio show
  • To open a subject to discussion and debate

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

manage

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US / ˈmænɪdʒ /

UK / ˈmænɪdʒ /

A1
  • verb
  • To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
  • To run or operate a business by directing others

focus

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US / 'fəʊkəs /

UK / ˈfokəs /

A2
  • noun
  • Main purpose or center of interest or activity
  • verb
  • To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
  • To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

location

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US / ləʊˈkeɪʃn /

UK / loʊˈkeɪʃn /

B1
  • noun
  • Particular position or area of place, event, etc.

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

ledge

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US / ledʒ /

UK / lɛdʒ /

B2
  • noun
  • Flat surface that sticks out from a wall of rock
  • Flat surface that come out from a wall or window

baseline

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US / ˈbeɪslaɪn /

UK / ˈbeɪslaɪn /

C1
  • noun
  • Imaginary standard by which things are compared

operate

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US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To control or handle something, such as a machine
  • To control or manage something such as a business
  • To be working or being used
  • To perform surgery on someone

understand

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US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

A1
  • verb
  • To know the meaning of language, what someone says

insight

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US / 'ɪnsaɪt /

UK / ˈɪnˌsaɪt /

B1
  • noun
  • Power to understand people and things very well
  • Very good understanding of something

towards

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US / tə'wɔ:dz /

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

A1
  • preposition
  • In the direction of someone or something

pick

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US / pɪk /

UK / pɪk /

A1
  • noun
  • Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
  • Item selected from a group of choices
  • verb
  • To take fruit or vegetables from a plant or tree
  • To decide on a thing from various choices; select
  • To remove (flower, etc.) with your fingers

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

life

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US / laɪf /

UK / laɪf /

A1
  • noun
  • All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
  • Period of time things live, from birth to death

apply

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US / ə'plaɪ /

UK / əˈplaɪ /

A1
  • verb
  • To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
  • To commit your time and effort to doing something
  • To make something useful in a certain situation
  • To be relevant for a situation
  • To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

bladder

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US / ˈblædə(r) /

UK / ˈblædɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Soft bag which holds liquid or air
  • Part of the body that holds urine

detailed

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US / ˈdi:teɪld /

UK / dɪˈteld,ˈdiˌteld /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Developed or made with great care

behaviour

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US / bɪˈheɪvjə(r) /

UK / bɪˈhevjɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • The way a person or thing acts; manner

wide

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US / waɪd /

UK / waɪd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a great distance from one side to the other
  • adverb
  • Fully; completely

differ

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US / 'dɪfə(r) /

UK / ˈdɪfɚ /

B1
  • verb
  • To be different; to be not like others

inspect

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US / ɪnˈspekt /

UK / ɪnˈspɛkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To look at or examine carefully

structure

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US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
  • verb
  • To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

pattern

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US / 'pætn /

UK / ˈpætən /

A2
  • noun
  • Model to follow in making or doing something
  • Colors or shapes which are repeated on objects
  • Regular repeated behavior
  • verb
  • To copy the way something else is made

nautical

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US / ˈnɔ:tɪkl /

UK / ˈnɔtɪkəl /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning ships, sailing or sailors

video

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US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a moving film, with sound
  • noun
  • Recording capturing action with sound
  • verb
  • To make a moving film of, with sound

ship

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US / ʃɪp /

UK / ʃɪp /

A1
  • noun
  • Large boat
  • verb
  • To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

size

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US / saɪz /

UK / saɪz /

A1
  • noun
  • How big or small a thing is
  • Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
  • verb
  • To make something to fit a particular measurement
  • To organize or group from small to large

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

scan

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US / skæn /

UK / skæn /

B1
  • noun
  • A look inside the body with a special machine
  • verb
  • To look inside of the body with a special machine
  • To look at something very quickly for information
  • To look at all parts to find something
  • To make a digital copy of an image or a paper

grandpa

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US / ˈgrænpɑ: /

UK / ˈɡrændˌpɑ, ˈɡræn-, ˈɡræmˌpɑ, ˈɡræmpə /

B2
  • noun
  • Your mother or father's father

population

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US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

team

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US / ti:m /

UK / tim /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of people working on a task together
  • Group of people playing a sport together

combine

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US / kəmˈbaɪn /

UK / kəmˈbaɪn /

A2
  • verb
  • To mix several things together to form one thing

visit

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US / ˈvɪzɪt /

UK / ˈvɪzɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Trip to a place for a time, usually for a reason
  • verb
  • To go to a place for a time, usually for a reason

transmit

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US / trænsˈmɪt /

UK / trænsˈmɪt, trænz- /

B1
  • other
  • To broadcast by using signals to a radio/TV
  • verb
  • To broadcast by using signals to a radio/TV
  • To transfer data from one machine to another
  • To allow the passage of light
  • To transfer money to another person or place
  • To transfer a disease between people
  • To transfer to other people e.g. ownership of car

area

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US / 'eərɪə /

UK / ˈɛriə /

A1
  • noun
  • Amount of measured space
  • A specific section or space; part of a region
  • A subject or field of study

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

yield

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US / ji:ld /

UK / jild /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount of crops grown
  • Amount of profit you make
  • verb
  • To bend or break because of a strong force
  • To give way to someone or something else
  • To produce, usually in agriculture or business
  • To produce a certain amount of profit; result in
  • To total to a certain amount, as in a calculation

soft

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US / sɒft /

UK / sɔft, sɑft /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having flowing curves rather than sharp edges
  • Easy to press, bend or cut; not hard or firm
  • Showing a sympathetic and gentle heart
  • Not rough to the touch; light in feel
  • (Of lights, music) not too bright; not too loud

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

pulse

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US / pʌls /

UK / pʌls /

B1
  • noun
  • Regular beating of a heart
  • verb
  • To beat in a rhythm

habitat

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US / 'hæbɪtæt /

UK / ˈhæbɪˌtæt /

B1
  • noun
  • Natural place where a plant or animal lives

lose

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US / lu:z /

UK / luz /

A1
  • verb
  • To be unable to keep in check or control something
  • To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
  • To stop having certain qualities or abilities
  • To stop having or being entitled to
  • To fail to win something that is being contested
  • To be unable to find something you once had
  • To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

characterize

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US / 'kærəktəraɪz /

UK / ˈkærəktəˌraɪz /

A2
  • verb
  • To describe the qualities of person, place, thing

cruise

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US / kru:z /

UK / kruz /

B1
  • noun
  • A long vacation trip on a passenger boat
  • verb
  • To easily achieve
  • To travel by boat or car for leisure

forth

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US / fɔ:θ /

UK / fɔrθ, forθ /

B1
  • adverb
  • So as to be seen; out
  • Outward or forward in space, time

surround

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US / səˈraʊnd /

UK / səˈraʊnd /

A2
  • other
  • To be closely connected to and have an effect on
  • verb
  • To be all the way around something
  • To be closely connected to and have an effect on
  • To move closer on all sides of something

develop

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US / dɪ'veləp /

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

A1
  • verb
  • To explain something in steps and in detail
  • To create or think of something
  • To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
  • To make a photograph from film

swim

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US / swɪm /

UK / swɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of swimming in a pool or ocean
  • verb
  • To move through water by moving parts of the body

certain

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US / ˈsə:tn /

UK / ˈsɚtn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Definite, fixed
  • Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
  • Being sure about something; without doubt

finder

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US / 'faɪndə(r) /

UK / ˈfaɪndɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Someone who discovers something after searching

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

science

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US / 'saɪəns /

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Study of the physical world, based on facts

foster

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US / 'fɒstə(r) /

UK / 'fɔ:stər /

B1
  • other
  • To raise a child who is not yours, for payment
  • verb
  • To raise a child who is not yours, for payment

tool

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US / tu:l /

UK / tul /

A2
  • noun
  • Device used to make things, e.g. a hammer
  • verb
  • To provide a workshop with the right equipment

sonar

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US / ˈsəʊnɑ:(r) /

UK / ˈsoʊnɑ:(r) /

C1
  • noun
  • System using sound waves to detect objects

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

strip

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US / strɪp /

UK / strɪp /

B1
  • noun
  • Long narrow piece, such as ribbon or land
  • verb
  • To remove your clothes (often sexily for someone)
  • To remove something, e.g. paint from a wall
  • To take property, dignity away from (someone)

run

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US / rʌn /

UK / rʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Journey between two places made by ship or car
  • Series of similar things or successes and failures
  • Act of running; exercise of running
  • verb
  • To depart or travel according to a schedule
  • To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
  • (Of an engine) to be operating
  • To start or use a computer program
  • To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
  • To manage or operate a business
  • To operate or drive something
  • (Of a road) to go from one place to another
  • To move your legs faster than walking

ping

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US / pɪŋ /

UK / pɪŋ /

C1
  • verb
  • To make a high sharp sound, as bullet hitting rock

researcher

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US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃə(r) /

UK / rɪˈsətʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Someone who works to find new facts and ideas

deep

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US / di:p /

UK / dip /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complex and important
  • Extreme or intense
  • Going far down from the surface
  • Low in pitch, as a sound
  • adverb
  • At a certain distance beneath the surface

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

turn

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US / tɜ:n /

UK / tɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Place where changing of direction happens
  • Your time or chance to perform a duty
  • Your chance to play or do in say a game
  • Unexpected change, as in the weather
  • verb
  • To become (a particular age)
  • To become a different quality, color, etc.
  • To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
  • To move in an opposite direction or position
  • To shape metal with a spinning tool

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

kind

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US / kaɪnd /

UK / kaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a caring and helpful manner
  • friendly and considerate
  • noun
  • One type of thing

bathymetry

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US / bə'θɪmɪtrɪ /

UK / bə'θɪmɪtrɪ /

A1
  • other
  • Measuring the depths of the oceans

across

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US / əˈkrɔs /

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Distance from one side to another
  • (Go) from one side to the other of something

john

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US / dʒɔn /

UK / dʒɑn /

A1
  • noun
  • A toilet.
  • A prostitute's client.
  • proper noun
  • (1165–1216), son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine; king of England 1199–1216; known as John Lack
  • The name of six kings of Portugal.

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

plant

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US / plɑ:nt /

UK / plænt /

A2
  • noun
  • Factory or a place where things are made
  • Living thing with leaves and roots growing in soil
  • verb
  • To firmly position something (in the ground)
  • To put seeds, flowers, trees in the ground

emit

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US / ɪ'mɪt /

UK / ɪˈmɪt /

B1
  • verb
  • To release or send out (a gas, etc.)

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

might

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US / maɪt /

UK / maɪt /

A1
  • other
  • Used to politely request an action
  • Used to express that something could happen
  • Power, strength, force or influence

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

map

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US / mæp /

UK / mæp /

A1
  • noun
  • Diagram showing the geography of an area
  • verb
  • To draw a diagram to show the geography of an area
  • To find points of similarity between things

answer

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US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

UK / ˈænsɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Reply to a question someone asks
  • Solution to a problem or test question
  • verb
  • To reply to a question someone asks
  • To solve a test question or a problem

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

image

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US / 'ɪmɪdʒ /

UK / ˈɪmɪdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Picture, sculpture or painting of something
  • General idea or opinion of something
  • verb
  • To obtain pictures by scanning them with a machine

surface

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US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
  • noun
  • Top layer of the ground or of water
  • Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
  • Outside or upper layer of something
  • verb
  • To give (road) a top layer
  • To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
  • To come to the top of something; emerge
  • To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

commercial

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US / kəˈmə:ʃəl /

UK / kəˈmɚʃəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • noun
  • Radio or television advertisement

newly

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US / ˈnu:li:, ˈnju:- /

UK / ˈnuli, ˈnju- /

A2
  • adverb
  • Very recently; just done or made

unexplored

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US / ˌʌnɪkˈsplɔ:d /

UK / ˌʌnɪkˈsplɔːrd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of a place) not yet discovered or investigated

question

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US / 'kwestʃən /

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Issue or problems you are dealing with
  • What you ask about; issue
  • verb
  • To ask for or try to get information
  • To have or express concerns or uncertainty

bubble

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US / ˈbʌbl /

UK / ˈbʌbəl /

B1
  • noun
  • A small ball of air inside of a liquid
  • verb
  • (Of a liquid) to produce bubbles, as when boiling
  • To show intense emotion, e.g. excitement, anger

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

charge

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US / tʃɑ:dʒ /

UK / tʃɑrdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • An attack by running quickly toward someone
  • A price for a service or goods
  • When a battery has a certain amount of electricity
  • Amount of money you pay for a service
  • verb
  • To run quickly toward someone to attack them
  • To ask for money as a price for a service or goods
  • To put electricity in a battery
  • To give responsibility to take care of or manage
  • To state that someone has committed a crime

sound

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US / saʊnd /

UK / saʊnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sensible, dependable and reliable
  • Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
  • Firm or solid in structure
  • Sane; not mentally ill
  • Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
  • noun
  • Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
  • Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
  • verb
  • To seem or appear to be, from what was said
  • To say in a clear deliberate manner
  • To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

overall

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US / ˌəʊvər'ɔ:l /

UK / ˈovɚˌrɔl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Viewed as a whole; in general, not as details

column

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US / ˈkɒləm /

UK / ˈkɑ:ləm /

B1
  • noun
  • Regular series of articles in a newspaper/magazine
  • Strong vertical stone pillar that holds up a roof
  • Vertical line in a table or chart

mow

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US / məʊ /

UK / maʊ /

B2
  • verb
  • To cut grass with a blade or mower

oceanic

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US / ˌəʊʃiˈænɪk /

UK / ˌoʃiˈænɪk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the ocean

grow

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US / ɡrəʊ /

UK / ɡro /

A1
  • verb
  • To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
  • To improve; to develop better skills over time
  • To develop and become bigger or taller over time

those

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US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

under

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US / ˈʌndə(r) /

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In the same place as another thing, but lower
  • adverb
  • In a lower quantity or price than expected
  • preposition
  • According to the terms of an agreement or law
  • Managed or controlled by the authority of
  • Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
  • Influenced or affected by something or someone
  • Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

land

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US / lænd /

UK / lænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Region or country
  • Earth; the ground
  • verb
  • To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
  • To obtain or get something that you wanted
  • To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
  • To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

since

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US / sɪns /

UK / sɪns /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a point before the present time
  • conjunction
  • For this reason; because
  • preposition
  • From the time in the past that

never

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US / 'nevə(r) /

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not ever; not at any time

ocean

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US / 'əʊʃn /

UK / ˈoʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Large body of salt water; a large sea

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

fan

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US / fæn /

UK / fæn /

A2
  • noun
  • Thing you wave in front of your face to stay cool
  • Someone who admires a famous person, sport etc.
  • verb
  • To blow air upon a fire to make it stronger
  • To use a device to cool yourself, something

water

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US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
  • Large area such as an ocean or sea
  • verb
  • (Of the eyes) to produce tears
  • (Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
  • To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

puerto

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US / ˈpweətəʊ /

UK / ˈpwɛrˌtoʊ /

A1

traditional

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US / trəˈdɪʃənl /

UK / trəˈdɪʃənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Involved in a custom or event common to a people

invasive

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US / ɪnˈveɪsɪv /

UK / ɪnˈvesɪv /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Entering the body, etc. in a destructive way

necessarily

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US / ˌnesəˈserəli /

UK / ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli, -ˈsɛr- /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that is needed/required/is unavoidable

incredible

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US / ɪnˈkredəbl /

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very good; amazing
  • Really good; amazing; great
  • Very hard to believe

fishing

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US / ˈfɪʃɪŋ /

UK / ˈfɪʃɪŋ /

A2
  • noun
  • The act of catching fish
  • verb
  • To go fishing with a net or hook

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

atmospheric

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US / ˌætməsˈferɪk /

UK / ˌætməˈsfɛrɪk, -ˈsfɪr- /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or located in the air around us

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

per

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US / pə(r) /

UK / pɚ /

A2
  • preposition
  • In the manner directed or suggested
  • For each; during each

technology

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US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

A2
  • noun
  • Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

send

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US / send /

UK / sɛnd /

A1
  • verb
  • To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
  • To cause mail or packages to go to another place
  • To move something quickly in a particular way
  • To give information or greetings to someone

similar

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US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Nearly the same; alike

bottom

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US / 'bɒtəm /

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
  • noun
  • The part of your body you sit on
  • Lowest position, often in a company or contest
  • Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
  • Lowest level, part or point of an object
  • The part under something, e.g. a vase
  • verb
  • To hit the lowest part of something

medium

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US / 'mi:dɪəm /

UK / ˈmidiəm /

A2
  • noun
  • Method of expressing ideas or feelings
  • Something available in a middle size or condition
  • Person who claims to communicate with the dead

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

discrete

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US / dɪˈskri:t /

UK / dɪˈskrit /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Separate; composed of distinct parts

specie

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US / 'spi:ʃi: /

UK / 'spi:ʃɪ /

B1
  • noun
  • Singular of species

sandy

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US / ˈsændi /

UK / ˈsændi /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a yellowish-brown color
  • Containing or covered with a lot of sand
  • noun
  • Person's name

understanding

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US / ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ /

UK / ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sympathetic
  • noun
  • When you get the meaning correctly; comprehension
  • Knowledge about something or someone
  • verb
  • To know the meaning of language, what someone says

eventually

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US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

boat

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US / bəʊt /

UK / bot /

A1
  • noun
  • Small form of transport for traveling on water
  • verb
  • To travel on a lake or river

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

extent

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US / ɪkˈstent /

UK / ɪkˈstɛnt /

A2
  • noun
  • Point, level or limit to which something reaches
  • Range or space included in something

brian

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US / ˌsɪnsɪ'nætɪ /

UK / ˌsɪnsɪ'nætɪ /

A1

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

manager

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US / ˈmænɪdʒə(r) /

UK / ˈmænɪdʒɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who controls and runs a business or group

depth

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US / depθ /

UK / dɛpθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Distance below a surface

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

case

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US / keɪs /

UK / kes /

A1
  • noun
  • Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
  • Set of facts about a crime
  • Set of facts about an event
  • Example or instance of something
  • verb
  • To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

week

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US / wi:k /

UK / wik /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

each

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US / i:tʃ /

UK / itʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Every one of two or more things
  • pronoun
  • Per one person or thing

type

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US / taɪp /

UK / taɪp /

A1
  • noun
  • Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
  • Group of things or people sharing common features
  • verb
  • To identify something belonging to a group
  • To write by touching keys on a keyboard

elsewhere

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US / ˌelsˈweə(r) /

UK / ˌelsˈwer /

A1
  • adverb
  • In, or to, another or different place

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

beneath

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US / bɪ'ni:θ /

UK / bɪˈniθ /

A2
  • preposition
  • Not worthy of you; not good enough for you
  • Under; In or to a lower position; below

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

hard

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US / hɑ:d /

UK / hɑː(r)d /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
  • (Of alcohol) strong
  • Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
  • Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
  • Strong
  • (Of edge) clear; sharp
  • Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
  • adverb
  • With lots of force, power, or impact

health

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US / helθ /

UK / hɛlθ /

A1
  • noun
  • (Person, company) being in a good condition; well

second

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US / 'sekənd /

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 2nd; the one following first
  • noun
  • Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
  • Short period of time that you wait for someone
  • (Do) soon

find

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US / faɪnd /

UK / faɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Object discovered by chance
  • Things that have been discovered from searching
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
  • To discover something by looking for it

offer

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US / 'ɒfə(r) /

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Price you say you are willing to pay for something
  • Act of making a thing available to be accepted
  • verb
  • To suggest a price you are willing to pay
  • To give the opportunity to accept something
  • To say you are willing to do something
  • To give or say something as an act of worship

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

sea

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • noun
  • Very large group of people, similar-looking things
  • Large body of salty water with land around it

sounder

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US / 'saʊndə /

UK / 'saʊndə /

B2
  • noun
  • Device for measuring distance in water

tell

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US / tel /

UK / tɛl /

A1
  • verb
  • To (strongly) advise a person to do something
  • To be able to guess
  • To say or communicate information to someone
  • To inform, but without speaking; indicate
  • To have a negative effect on someone
  • To order someone to do something; command
  • To recognize something based on certain signs
  • To report something to an authority
  • To explain something or teach someone something

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something
  • Subtitles section
  • For the most part, we don't know what lies beneath the surface of our oceans.
  • Most of the waters and ocean floor remain unexplored.
  • But with new technology, projects are underway to find out what lies in the deep.
  • Since 2004, a team of scientists has been cruising the Caribbean surrounding Puerto Rico, as well as St. Thomas and St. John Islands in the U.S. Virgin Islands, to create a comprehensive map of the seabed.
  • NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, is the U.S. agency in charge of mapping, protecting, and managing some of these waters.
  • They're updating old nautical charts.
  • So a nautical chart has soundings on it, just, you know, discrete locations.
  • But our map is continuous.
  • We can see the ups and downs, the ridges, the ledges of the sea bottom.
  • And all of that is important information for a manager, as well as to make the linkages between the seafloor habitat and the types of organisms that are using that.
  • The waters off the coasts of St. Thomas and St. John have important habitat, including coral reefs.
  • The waters have protected areas as well as areas where commercial fishing is allowed.
  • Each year, the NOAA ship Nancy Foster zigzags through the water, using sonar to scan the seabed.
  • The ship emits more than 3,500 pings per second in a wide fan, creating an image as if painting strips of data across the seafloor.
  • Weeks of back-and-forth sailing in a pattern much like mowing a lawn yields traditional chart information, including bathymetry, or depth, in incredible detail.
  • But the sonar data reveals a lot more than depth.
  • Based on the intensity of the echo, scientists can tell if the bottom is hard, sandy, soft, covered in coral, seagrass, or other soft plants.
  • By combining the sonar data with direct observations, NOAA creates detailed maps of the seafloor habitat.
  • The ROV is a key to understanding the sonar data.
  • Operated by scientists on the ship, it sends back video and still images.
  • Then, the sonar data can be combined with the visual data.
  • The researchers are looking for several answers to questions.
  • Why are fish going to a certain location?
  • Are there behaviors that are going on?
  • Are there certain types of fish that are going there?
  • So there's a kind of a very focused science application.
  • And then there's other science that we conduct, which is applied towards a management community.
  • To effectively manage commercial fish species and protect non-commercial sea life, officials need to know the size of fish populations, where they are, and their overall health.
  • The ship is equipped with what is basically a scientific-grade fish finder.
  • The technology that I'm using is very similar to commercial fish finders, or the fish finders that your grandpa might have on his fishing boat on a lake, except these are scientific-grade echo sounders.
  • We transmit a pulse of sound, or a ping.
  • That ping is transmitted through the water column, and it reflects off of anything that's in the water column that's of differing density than the surrounding media.
  • That could be the bottom, which is very hard.
  • It could be air bubbles that's produced by wakes, waves, or boats.
  • Or it could be gas bladders or swim bladders in the case of fish.
  • Each night as the ship sails back and forth off land, Taylor's sonar spots the fish and adds important information to the maps.
  • The habitats are very important, clearly, but we need to better understand how fish are using those habitats so we can better understand how to manage the habitats for the fish.
  • After the sonar runs all night, attention turns to the ROV.
  • Brian Costa uses sonar to pick locations for the ROV to explore.
  • It's just one of the tools in our toolbox to create a habitat map.
  • We can get a picture of what's down there in the image, but we don't necessarily know what is growing on top of that reef structure or what it's made out of.
  • So that's where the camera comes in.
  • As researchers pilot the ROV deep under the sea, scientists note the health of the coral, types of fish, including the invasive lionfish, and inspect man-made debris, including lost fishing gear and even newly found shipwrecks.
  • All of this data will help scientists better understand the reefs here and offer insights into ocean changes elsewhere.
  • One of the most important things about the work we're doing is we're characterizing coral reefs that have never been observed before.
  • So we're visiting new areas and getting that baseline of the health and condition and the extent of the coral reefs.
  • The NOAA scientists hope eventually to develop their techniques further so scientists can someday have maps of all the world's seabeds.