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Europe's Megaproject to Replace Russian Railways

Original YouTube Video | TheB1M Published on 2024-04-24 Level：79 Speed：43 maxwordlevel：14

Video vocabulary

concrete

US / 'kɒŋkri:t /

•

UK / kɑnˈkrit, kɑŋ-, ˈkɑnˌkrit, ˈkɑŋ- /

adjecitve
Concerning something that is physical or real
noun
Hard building material made of cement, sand, water
verb
To cover or make with a hard grey building material

structure

US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

•

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

noun
The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
verb
To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

significant

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

adjecitve
Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
Having meaning; important; noticeable
(Statistics) being clearly different

tough

US / tʌf /

•

UK / tʌf /

adjecitve
(Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
Very difficult to do or deal with
Having strict standards
Being firm and not easily bent or broken
Being strong physically or mentally
Being difficult to persuade
Capable of violence

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

helsinki

US / ˈhelsiŋki /

•

UK / ˈhɛlˌsɪŋki, hɛlˈsɪŋ- /

proper noun
The capital of Finland, a port in the southern part of the country, on the Gulf of Finland; populati

sheer

US / ʃɪə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɪr /

adjecitve
(Of luck/stupidity) very complete or absolute
(Of fabric) very fine or thin; see-through
adverb
Straight up and down; steeply
verb
To suddenly turn or change direction

helpful

US / ˈhelpfl /

•

UK / ˈhɛlpfəl /

adjecitve
Doing things that help someone

gateway

US / ˈgeɪtweɪ /

•

UK / ˈɡetˌwe /

noun
Entrance that can be closed by a gate

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

brother

US / ˈbrʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbrʌðɚ /

noun
A boy or man who shares a parent with you

transportation

US / ˌtrænspɔ:ˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌtrænspɔ:rˈteɪʃn /

noun
Act of moving people or goods between places

bypass

US / ˈbaɪpɑ:s /

•

UK / ˈbaɪˌpæs /

noun
A road that goes around a town or village
verb
To go around something; avoid

south

US / saʊθ /

•

UK / saʊθ /

adjecitve
Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
Coming from the opposite direction from north
noun
The direction to your right of the rising sun

heritage

US / 'herɪtɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈhɛrɪtɪdʒ /

noun
Traditional beliefs or customs of a culture

fix

US / fɪks /

•

UK / fɪks /

noun
Answer to a problem
verb
To arrange or prepare something
To attach something so it will not move or change
To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
To make an animal unable to produce young
To make something whole or able to work again

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

US / səb'skraɪb /

•

UK / səbˈskraɪb /

verb
To regularly pay to receive a service

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

currently

US / ˈkʌrəntli /

•

UK / ˈkʌrənt(ə)li /

adverb
Happening or being in the present time

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

river

US / ˈrɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɪvɚ /

noun
Flowing water that runs from mountains to the sea

platform

US / 'plætfɔ:m /

•

UK / ˈplætˌfɔrm /

noun
Flat, raised structure that people stand on
Area from which you board a train at a station

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

north

US / nɔ:θ /

•

UK / nɔ:rθ /

adjecitve
Coming from the opposite direction to the south
noun
Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

involve

US / ɪn'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

verb
To have or be included as a part of something

member

US / ˈmembə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛmbɚ /

noun
Part of the body of a human, animal
Person or thing belonging to a group or team

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

seriously

US / ˈsɪəriəsli /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəsli /

adverb
Involving or requiring great thought or study

stunning

US / ˈstʌnɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈstʌnɪŋ /

adjecitve
Causing amazement, e.g. because so very good
verb
To greatly shock or surprise; totally amaze
To incapacitate using a special gun

role

US / rəʊl /

•

UK / rol /

noun
Character played by an actor
Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility

finish

US / ˈfɪnɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈfɪnɪʃ /

noun
End of something; completion
Final coat (of paint) applied to a surface
verb
To use or consume all of something
To reach the end; to complete something
To put a final surface (e.g. paint) on something

seamlessly

US / /

•

UK / /

adverb
In a flowing, uninterrupted manner

scatter

US / 'skætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈskætɚ /

other
To place or leave things in various places
verb
To throw or move into various different directions

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

fork

US / fɔ:k /

•

UK / fɔ:rk /

noun
Place where a road, tree divides into two branches
Tool with 4-5 points for eating or digging
verb
To divide or separate into two branches

themselves

US / ðəmˈselvz /

•

UK / ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðəm- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'they'

seventy

US / ˈsevnti /

•

UK / ˈsɛvənti /

number
70

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

collaborate

US / kəˈlæbəreɪt /

•

UK / kəˈlæbəˌret /

verb
To cooperate with or help an enemy
To work together to complete a task

survey

US / 'sɜ:veɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɜː(r)veɪ /

noun
Broad view or general description of something
Act of measuring land or property to make a map
Set of questions used to ask people about a topic
verb
To offer a broad view or general description
To measure an area of land to make a map of it
To ask people a question about a particular topic

ramp

US / ræmp /

•

UK / ræmp /

noun
Path that increases in height as you walk up it
verb

carry

US / ˈkæri /

•

UK / ˈkæri /

verb
To have a child, be pregnant
To have a disease you might give to others
(Of stores) to sell a particular product
To hold something and move it to another place
To travel a long distance (sound)
To support the weight or burden of something

timber

US / ˈtɪmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtɪmbɚ /

exclamation
Used to warn people that a tree is about to fall
noun
Wood used as a building material

establish

US / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

•

UK / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

verb
To set or create something to last for a long time
To use facts, evidence to show truth or clarity

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

weight

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

noun
How heavy something is
Metal object to measure how heavy something is
Importance, power, and influence person, thing has
A source of worry, sadness, or emotional stress

underground

US / ˈʌndəgraʊnd /

•

UK / ˈʌndərgraʊnd /

adjecitve
(Being or living) under the surface of the earth
noun
Secret group organized to overthrow a government
Subway system, e.g. in London

collect

US / kəˈlekt /

•

UK / kəˈlɛkt /

adverb
By asking the receiver of a call to pay for it
verb
To ask for money, e.g. for a charity
To gather things, people together in one place
To get and keep one type of things as a hobby
To take things and bring them together
To go and receive, e.g. a prize or an award
To take control of your own feelings or thoughts

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

cent

US / sent /

•

UK / sɛnt /

noun
100th of the basic unit of money e.g. a dollar

scale

US / skeɪl /

•

UK / skel /

noun
Size, level, or amount when compared
Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
Dimensions or size of something
verb
To change the size of but keep the proportions
To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
To remove the scales of a fish

architect

US / ˈɑ:kɪtekt /

•

UK / ˈɑrkɪˌtɛkt /

noun
Person who designs and advises on buildings

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

tran

US / 'træmpəli:nɪŋ /

•

UK / 'træmpəli:nɪŋ /

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

compare

US / kəm'peə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

verb
To consider how similar and different things are

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

towards

US / tə'wɔ:dz /

•

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

preposition
In the direction of someone or something

arch

US / ɑ:tʃ /

•

UK / ɑ:rtʃ /

adjecitve
Chief; the most important or typical (of a type)
noun
Curved part of a structure (e.g. on a bridge)

emission

US / iˈmɪʃn /

•

UK / ɪˈmɪʃən /

noun
A substance (e.g. gas) released into the air

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

definitely

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

adverb
Without question; beyond doubt

border

US / 'bɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɔrdɚ /

noun
Outer part or edge of something
Line separating one country, state from another
verb
To be right next to another country or state
To form the edge of something
To form the edge of (road, etc.)

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

per

US / pə(r) /

•

UK / pɚ /

preposition
In the manner directed or suggested
For each; during each

technology

US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

•

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

noun
Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

designer

US / dɪˈzaɪnə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪnə /

adjecitve
Describing something that has been designed
noun
Someone who creates plans to make something

metre

US / 'mi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmitɚ /

noun
Unit of length equal to 100 cm or about 39 inches

extremely

US / ɪkˈstri:mli /

•

UK / ɪk'strimlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is much more than usual or expected

player

US / ˈpleɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpleɚ /

noun
Machine that plays recorded material
Person who plays a musical instrument
Person who plays games on devices
Person who plays sports

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

piece

US / pi:s /

•

UK / pis /

noun
A counter in a board game
Small part of something larger
verb
To put items together to assemble something

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

nation

US / 'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈneʃən /

noun
Area or region controlled by a government and army

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

object

US / 'ɒbdʒɪkt /

•

UK / ˈɑbdʒɪkt /

noun
Something you can see or touch, but is not alive
Goal or purpose of a particular plan or activity
The thing that the action of a verb acts upon
verb
To disagree; to protest against an idea or plan

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

test

US / test /

•

UK / test /

noun
A medical examination
Action to establish the truth or nature of
Examination; questions to measure knowledge
verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

foundation

US / faunˈdeiʃən /

•

UK / faʊnˈdeʃən /

noun
Base or important starting point
Underground base on which building is constructed
Institution supported by a private fund
First cosmetic used when putting on makeup
Action of establishing an organization

destroy

US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

verb
To damage so badly that something no longer exists
To defeat someone or something easily
To kill a sick or unwanted animal

infrastructure

US / 'ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃɚ /

noun
Basic necessary equipment for a country or region

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

hour

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

noun
60 minutes
Particular time of the day
Fixed, regularly occurring time

clark

US / klɑ:k /

•

UK / klɑ:k /

other
Canadian politician who served as prime minister

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

standard

US / 'stændəd /

•

UK / ˈstændəd /

adjecitve
Being the accepted normal level of quality
(Of a language) being the most accepted in a place
noun
Official unit of measuring something
Principle of behaving in a moral way

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

worth

US / wɜ:θ /

•

UK / wɚθ /

other
the financial, practical or moral value of somebody/something
having a particular value, especially in money

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

modern

US / ˈmɔdən /

•

UK / ˈmɑdən /

adjecitve
Of the present time; up to date; contemporary

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

load

US / ləʊd /

•

UK / lod /

noun
Large, often heavy, amount of a thing to be moved
A burden; heavy responsibility
Many or much of something; a lot of
Items that fill a truck, machine
verb
To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)

capable

US / 'keɪpəbl /

•

UK / ˈkepəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able to do something very well; proficient

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

source

US / sɔ:s /

•

UK / sɔrs, sors /

adjecitve
Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
noun
Piece of information; a person giving information
Place from which something necessary comes
verb
To get, e.g. a raw material, from somewhere

scope

US / skəʊp /

•

UK / skoʊp /

noun
Opportunity for action or thought
Range of things included or dealt with
Instrument that you use to look at things
verb
to look at especially for the purpose of evaluation —usually used with out

basis

US / ˈbeɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈbesɪs /

noun
Main ingredient or part of something
Starting situation, fact, idea to develop from

eighty

US / 'eɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈeti /

number
80

tour

US / tʊə(r) /

•

UK / tʊr /

noun
A trip to several places to perform a show
A journey to visit several places for pleasure
verb
To travel to several places to perform a show
To visit several places for pleasure

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

animal

US / ˈænɪml /

•

UK / ˈænəməl /

noun
A living creature that is not a plant or person

responsible

US / rɪ'spɒnsəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈspɑnsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being the cause of something that has occurred
Having the duty of dealing with something
Able to be trusted to do what needs to be done

wind

US / wɪnd /

•

UK / wɪnd /

adjecitve
(Musical instruments) that you blow into to play
noun
A current of air moving approximately horizontally, especially one strong enough to be felt
Something that has influence
verb
If a road, path, or river winds, it follows a route that turns repeatedly in different directions
To turn or cause something to turn
To twist around something

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

green

US / gri:n /

•

UK / ɡrin /

adjecitve
Color of young leaves
Covered with vegetation, e.g. grass
Concerned about protecting the environment
The color of young leaves
Lacking in experience/knowledge due to being young
Being not fully grown or ripe, as in fruit
noun
Large grassy area
used as a part of a name of a place (UK)

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

action

US / 'ækʃn /

•

UK / ˈækʃən /

noun
Something that a person or thing does
verb
To act to do something

growth

US / grəʊθ /

•

UK / groʊθ /

noun
Improvement, development in a skill over time
A mass on the skin or body part related to illness
Act of growing

offer

US / 'ɒfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

noun
Price you say you are willing to pay for something
Act of making a thing available to be accepted
verb
To suggest a price you are willing to pay
To give the opportunity to accept something
To say you are willing to do something
To give or say something as an act of worship

primary

US / 'praɪmərɪ /

•

UK / ˈpraɪˌmɛri, -məri /

adjecitve
Most important, most basic or essential
Happening first; earliest
of or for the teaching of young children

closely

US / 'kləʊslɪ /

•

UK / ˈkloslɪ /

adverb
In a careful manner
Nearby; just next to

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

cousin

US / 'kʌzn /

•

UK / 'kʌzn /

noun
Child of your uncle or aunt
Something similar to or related to something else

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

stay

US / steɪ /

•

UK / ste /

noun
Legal order to stop or delay an action
Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
verb
To keep trying without giving up
To remain in the same place and not move away
To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

rail

US / reɪl /

•

UK / rel /

noun
Long thin piece of metal, wood as part of a fence
One of two metal tracks along which a train runs
verb
To complain or object forcefully
To give or encircle something with a fence or bar

claim

US / kleɪm /

•

UK / klem /

noun
Demand for something that is believed to be due
Something said to be true when others don't agree
verb
To demand something that is believed to be due
To cause someone's life to come to an end
To say something is true when others may not agree

hub

US / hʌb /

•

UK / hʌb /

noun
Center of action or interest
Central part of a wheel

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

corridor

US / ˈkɒrɪdɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɔrɪdɚ, -ˌdɔr, ˈkɑr- /

noun
Passageway between rooms in a buildings

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

priority

US / praɪ'ɒrətɪ /

•

UK / praɪˈɔrɪti, -ˈɑr- /

noun
Thing that is more important/urgent than others

element

US / 'elɪmənt /

•

UK / ˈɛləmənt /

noun
Essential or particular part of something

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

bottom

US / 'bɒtəm /

•

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

adjecitve
Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
noun
The part of your body you sit on
Lowest position, often in a company or contest
Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
Lowest level, part or point of an object
The part under something, e.g. a vase
verb
To hit the lowest part of something

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

modal

US / 'məʊdl /

•

UK / ˈmodl: /

adjecitve
Verb like 'may' or 'can', showing a verb's mood

frankly

US / ˈfræŋkli /

•

UK / ˈfræŋkli /

adverb
Speaking honestly and directly

access

US / 'ækses /

•

UK / ˈæksɛs /

noun
Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
verb
To be able to use or have permission to use

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

technician

US / tekˈnɪʃn /

•

UK / tɛkˈnɪʃən /

noun
Person whose job is to maintain, repair machinery

mentality

US / menˈtæləti /

•

UK / mɛnˈtælɪti /

noun
Attitude toward, or a belief about something

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

thirty

US / 'θɜ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈθə:ti /

number
30

reinforcement

US / ˌri:ɪn'fɔ:smənt /

•

UK / ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt, -ˈfors- /

noun
Act of strengthening or supporting an army
Act of strengthening or adding support to

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

eventually

US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

•

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

adverb
After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

dig

US / dɪg /

•

UK / dɪɡ /

verb
To move material to create a hole

straightforward

US / ˌstreɪtˈfɔ:wəd /

•

UK / stretˈfɔrwəd /

adjecitve
Easy to do or understand; not complicated

language

US / ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ /

noun
Words or signs used to communicate messages

total

US / ˈtəʊtl /

•

UK / ˈtoʊtl /

adjecitve
Complete
noun
Whole number or amount of something
verb
To damage a car beyond repair

site

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Place that is reserved for a particular activity
Location of building work
Location of something
Place where something of special interest happened
Website
verb
To place something in a particular position, area

elsewhere

US / ˌelsˈweə(r) /

•

UK / ˌelsˈwer /

adverb
In, or to, another or different place

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

square

US / skweə(r) /

•

UK / skwɛr /

adjecitve
Being fair or honest
Multiply a number by itself e.g. 2x2 or 6x6
noun
Shape with 4 equal length sides and 4 equal angles
The result of multiplying Length by the width
Open public area in the middle of the town
verb
To make something balance or be equal
To multiply a number by itself, e.g. 2x2 or 6x8
To straighten the edge to form a four-sided shape

sea

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Very large group of people, similar-looking things
Large body of salty water with land around it

lack

US / læk /

•

UK / læk /

noun
The state of not having or not having enough of
A shortage of something
verb
To not have, or not have enough, of something

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

despite

US / dɪˈspaɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

preposition
Without being affected by something; in spite of

portion

US / 'pɔ:ʃn /

•

UK / ˈpɔrʃən, ˈpor- /

noun
Serving of food that is intended for one person
Part of something shared that belongs to a whole
verb
To separate something to divide among people

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

city

US / 'sɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪti /

noun
Area with many buildings, roads and people

excavation

US / ˌekskəˈveɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɛkskəˈveʃən /

noun
Act of uncovering by digging into the ground

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

geological

US / ˌdʒi:ə'lɒdʒɪkl /

•

UK / dʒɪəˈlɑdʒɪkl: /

adjecitve
Concerning studies of the Earth's rocks and soil

overpass

US / 'əʊvəpɑ:s /

•

UK / ˈovɚˌpæs /

noun
Bridge formed by the upper level of a crossing of two highways at different levels

pile

US / paɪl /

•

UK / paɪl /

adjecitve
(Surface) consisting of usually short threads
noun
Large amount of something
Group of things one on top of another
Long post used to support something
Carpet, rug consisting of usually short threads
verb
(E.g. of problems) to increase; get more or worse

uncertainty

US / ʌn'sɜ:tntɪ /

•

UK / ʌnˈsə:tn:ti /

noun
Feeling of not really knowing what will happen

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

ideal

US / aɪˈdi:əl /

•

UK / aɪˈdiəl, aɪˈdil /

adjecitve
Exactly right; could not be better
Which is thought of as being perfect

connectivity

US / ˌkɒnekˈtɪvɪti /

•

UK / ˌkɑnɛkˈtɪvɪti /

noun
Degree to which computer system has connections

nickname

US / ˈnɪkneɪm /

•

UK / ˈnɪkˌnem /

noun
Name given by friends or family
verb
To give someone an informal name or title

delay

US / dɪˈleɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈle /

noun
Action of being late or happening later
verb
To wait some amount of time before doing something
To do something later than is planned or expected
To stop something from happening for a time

soviet

US / ˈsəuviət,ˈsɔviət /

•

UK / ˈsoviˌɛt, -ɪt, ˈsɑvi-, ˌsoviˈɛt /

adjecitve
Of or relating to or characteristic of the former Soviet Union or its people
noun
Elected government council in a communist country

foster

US / 'fɒstə(r) /

•

UK / 'fɔ:stər /

other
To raise a child who is not yours, for payment
verb
To raise a child who is not yours, for payment

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

quick

US / kwɪk /

•

UK / kwɪk /

adjecitve
Using very little time; moving far in little time
Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

surround

US / səˈraʊnd /

•

UK / səˈraʊnd /

other
To be closely connected to and have an effect on
verb
To be all the way around something
To be closely connected to and have an effect on
To move closer on all sides of something

traffic

US / 'træfɪk /

•

UK / ˈtræfɪk /

noun
The cars or vehicles on the road
Amount of activity over a communication system

contract

US / 'kɒntrækt /

•

UK / 'kɑ:ntrækt /

noun
Legal agreement, e.g. for doing work for money
Agreement to pay someone to kill a person
verb
To become ill as a result of getting a disease
To make an agreement for doing work for money
To reduce in size, length due to heat loss
To reduce the amount of

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

union

US / 'ju:nɪən /

•

UK / ˈjunjən /

noun
Act of joining two or more things into one
Marriage
Organization of workers to look after their needs

digital

US / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

•

UK / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

adjecitve
Using electronic signals or computers

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

intersect

US / ˌɪntə'sekt /

•

UK / ˌɪntɚˈsɛkt /

verb
To divide something by crossing it

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

route

US / ru:t /

•

UK / rut, raʊt /

noun
Way to get from one place to another place; path
Path or way that people often use
Method of achieving a certain result
verb
To send along a particular path or way

integration

US / ˌɪntɪ'ɡreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪntɪˈɡreʃən /

noun
Act of bringing things together into a whole

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

massive

US / ˈmæsɪv /

•

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

adjecitve
Very big; large; too big

munition

US / mju:'nɪʃn /

•

UK / mjuˈnɪʃən /

noun
Military weapons such as guns, bullets, and bombs

immense

US / ɪˈmens /

•

UK / ɪˈmɛns /

adjecitve
Very great in size or amount

slot

US / slɒt /

•

UK / slɑ:t /

noun
A long narrow opening to put a coin, etc. in
verb
To put something in a small narrow opening

series

US / ˈsɪəri:z /

•

UK / ˈsɪriz /

noun
Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
other
Number of things that happen one after another

separate

US / 'sepəreɪt /

•

UK / 'sepəreɪt /

adjecitve
Being different from or unrelated to another
verb
To divide two things by being in between them
To live away from your husband or wife
To move things away from each other

enhance

US / ɪn'hɑ:ns /

•

UK / ɛnˈhæns /

verb
To improve; make bigger or better

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

locally

US / 'ləʊkəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈlokəlɪ /

adverb
In the area being referred to

integrate

US / ˈɪntɪgreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɪntɪˌɡret /

verb
To combine together; make into one thing

baltic

US / ˈbɔ:ltɪk /

•

UK / 'bɔ:ltɪk /

noun
A branch of the Indo-European family of languages related to the Slavonic languages; Baltic language
other
A sea in northern Europe; stronghold of the Russian navy
Of or near or on the Baltic Sea
Of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Baltic States or their peoples or languages

bus

US / bʌs /

•

UK / bʌs /

noun
A large road vehicle used for carrying many people
verb
To move people by coach or bus

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

team

US / ti:m /

•

UK / tim /

noun
Group of people working on a task together
Group of people playing a sport together

modular

US / 'mɒdjələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɑdʒəlɚ /

adjecitve
Constructed with standardized units or dimensions

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

definitive

US / dɪˈfɪnətɪv /

•

UK / dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Clear and leaving no further question

latvia

US / 'lætvɪə /

•

UK / 'lætvɪr /

noun
A republic in northeastern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

imagine

US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

•

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

verb
To think creatively about; form mental picture of

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

enjoy

US / ɪnˈdʒɔɪ /

•

UK / ɛnˈdʒɔɪ /

verb
To take pleasure in something

model

US / ˈmɒdl /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:dl /

adjecitve
Being an excellent example of
noun
Person who wears fashion to show it to the public
A small scale copy of a full original
verb
To wear and display clothes at a fashion show
To make a small scale copy of a full original

information

US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

noun
Collection of facts and details about something

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

hole

US / həʊl /

•

UK / hol /

noun
An empty space, as in the ground, in a sock etc.
Fault or weakness in a plan, idea or explanation
Opening into or through something
An awkward or difficult situation
Dirty or unpleasant place with poor facilities
verb
(Golf) to get the ball into the hole

collapse

US / kə'læps /

•

UK / kəˈlæps /

verb
To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
To suddenly fall down or break apart into pieces
To fall down suddenly due to being ill or tired

western

US / ˈwestən /

•

UK / ˈwestərn /

adjecitve
Movies often about cowboys in the American West
Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

parallel

US / 'pærəlel /

•

UK / ˈpærəˌlɛl /

adjecitve
(Of two lines) at equal distance from each other
(Of computer operation) happening at the same time
Very similar and often occurring at the same time
noun
A line on a map a set distance from the equator
verb
To be equal to, or like, something else
To compare

car

US / kɑ:(r) /

•

UK / kɑr /

noun
A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

dual

US / ˈdju:əl /

•

UK / ˈdu:əl /

adjecitve
(Of two similar things) existing/used side by side

prior

US / 'praɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpraɪɚ /

adjecitve
Existing or coming earlier in time
(Of a claim, etc.) more important than another one
noun
Monk or priest in charge of a monastery

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

engineer

US / ˌendʒɪ'nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɛndʒəˈnɪr /

noun
Someone whose job is designing machines, buildings
Someone whose job is to repair or maintain engines

gable

US / ˈgeɪbl /

•

UK / 'ɡeɪbl /

noun
Triangular section at the end of a roof

bentley

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

boost

US / bu:st /

•

UK / bust /

noun
An increase in something
verb
To increase something; to make something better
To push someone or something up from beneath them

ninety

US / 'naɪntɪ /

•

UK / ˈnaɪnti /

number
90

scratch

US / skrætʃ /

•

UK / skrætʃ /

noun
Action of rubbing your skin when itchy
A small cut or mark on a surface
verb
To rub your skin with your nails to stop an itch
To make a small cut or mark on a surface

handle

US / 'hændl /

•

UK / ˈhændl /

noun
The part of a door you hold to open it
Thing you hold to carry or open a bag, pan etc.
verb
To cope with or take responsibility for
To control a machine, car etc.
To control or be controlled /used in a certain way
To deal with a particular situation/person; manage
To buy, sell, or move materials or goods
To hold, control, or use something with the hands
To touch objects with the hands to look at them

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

sponsor

US / ˈspɒnsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈspɑ:nsə(r) /

noun
Person that supports the passage of a new law
Person giving money for someone's education
verb
To support the passage of a new law
To help someone succeed by giving them money
To pay for an event, usually as an advertisement

estimate

US / 'estɪmət /

•

UK / ˈɛstəˌmet /

noun
Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
verb
To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

construction

US / kən'strʌkʃn /

•

UK / kənˈstrʌkʃən /

noun
Act of building something; thing that is built
Something that is made using different parts
The way words are organized in a sentence
The way something is made or structured

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

machine

US / mə'ʃi:n /

•

UK / məˈʃin /

noun
Piece of equipment used to do work
Powerful group who control and organize things
verb
To shape, work on something, using a device

economic

US / ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk /

•

UK / ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə- /

adjecitve
Concerning trade, industry, and money

process

US / prə'ses /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

noun
Dealing with official forms in the way required
Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
verb
To organize and use data in a computer
To deal with official forms in the way required
To prepare by treating something in a certain way
To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
To convert by putting something through a machine

float

US / fləʊt /

•

UK / floʊt /

noun
Object designed to stay on the surface of water
Decorated truck used in a festival
verb
To sell the shares of a company publicly
To move slowly and easily through air
To rest on the surface of water without sinking

via

US / ˈvaɪə /

•

UK / ˈvaɪə, ˈviə /

preposition
By the means of using something
By going through, by way of

sample

US / ˈsɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ˈsæmpl /

noun
A small quantity of something used as a taster
verb
To try (e.g. food, drink), to see if you like it

polish

US / 'pɒlɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪʃ /

noun
A cream used to make shoes etc. shiny
Quality or style showing great skill or refinement
A shine on a surface
other
To make something smooth and shiny by rubbing it
verb
To make something smooth and shiny by rubbing it
To improve by practicing or working on it

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

active

US / ˈæktɪv /

•

UK / ˈæktɪv /

adjecitve
Moving around a lot or doing many things

rainwater

US / ˈreɪnwɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrenˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ /

noun
Drops of fresh water that fall from clouds

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

station

US / 'steɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈsteʃən /

noun
Building, area, place used for a specific reason
A person's place in society
Place where you can catch a train or a bus
Company that broadcasts radio or TV programs
verb
(Army) to be posted to a place to perform duties
To put a person in a certain place or position

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

expert

US / 'ekspɜ:t /

•

UK / ˈɛkˌspɚt /

adjecitve
Having special knowledge or skill
noun
Skillful person with special knowledge

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

continent

US / ˈkɒntɪnənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑntənənt /

noun
Very large piece of land, e.g. Africa or Asia

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

transport

US / ˈtrænspɔ:t /

•

UK / ˈtrænspɔ:rt /

noun
Very strong uncontrollable emotion, e.g. delight
Vehicle used to take soldiers to other places
verb
To carry things from one place to another
To cause to feel you are in a previous time

surface

US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

•

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

adjecitve
Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
noun
Top layer of the ground or of water
Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
Outside or upper layer of something
verb
To give (road) a top layer
To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
To come to the top of something; emerge
To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

bridge

US / brɪdʒ /

•

UK / brɪdʒ /

noun
Structure built over river, road so you can cross
verb
To make a link between; bring together

tram

US / træm /

•

UK / træm /

noun
Vehicle that runs on cables or rails

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

clash

US / klæʃ /

•

UK / klæʃ /

noun
A conflict; disagreement
verb
To have a disagreement or fight over something
(Of colors) to not suit or match appealingly

complexity

US / kəm'pleksətɪ /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛksɪti /

noun
State of having many parts and not being simple

deep

US / di:p /

•

UK / dip /

adjecitve
Complex and important
Extreme or intense
Going far down from the surface
Low in pitch, as a sound
adverb
At a certain distance beneath the surface

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

spain

US / speɪn /

•

UK / speɪn /

proper noun
A country in southwestern Europe, occupying the greater part of the Iberian peninsula; population 46

dear

US / dɪə(r) /

•

UK / dɪr /

adjecitve
Loved or valued very much
Expensive

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

ready

US / 'redɪ /

•

UK / ˈrɛdi /

adjecitve
Being likely or about to do something
Being willing to do a task
verb
To prepare something for use or action

terminal

US / 'tɜ:mɪnl /

•

UK / ˈtɚmənəl /

adjecitve
(Of an illness, etc.) likely to lead to death
noun
Final stop or station for a bus, train or plane
Place where trips end or begin, like a train stop
other
End part of some structure or concept

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

follower

US / ˈfɒləʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɑloɚ /

noun
Person who accepts the leadership of another
Person believing a set of values or moral teacher

capital

US / 'kæpɪtl /

•

UK / ˈkæpɪtl /

adjecitve
Main, or major
noun
Writing the first letter of a word in big letters
Official main city of a country, province or state
Collective name for money, shares, and assets
Money that is used for a business

firmly

US / ˈfɜ:mli /

•

UK / ˈfə:mlɪ /

adverb
In a hard, steady, unchanging way

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

seamless

US / ˈsi:mləs /

•

UK / ˈsimlɪs /

adjecitve
Not having a joint, e.g. of sewing
adverb
Flowing; uninterrupted

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

advance

US / əd'vɑ:ns /

•

UK / ædˈvæns /

noun
Forward movement by an army
An attempt to seduce someone
verb
(Of an army) to move forward
To change or improve
To increase in price or value
To move forward in a certain direction
To try to seduce someone

multiple

US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

adjecitve
Having or involving more than one of something
noun
Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
Shop with many branches

wildlife

US / ˈwaɪldlaɪf /

•

UK / ˈwaɪldˌlaɪf /

noun
All wild animals

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

highlight

US / ˈhaɪlaɪt /

•

UK / ˈhaɪˌlaɪt /

noun
Best or most interesting part of something
Spot or section lighter than the area around it
verb
To use chemicals to make some hair a lighter color
To make people aware of a problem, subject, issue
To focus particular attention on; draw attention
To use a pen to mark places of interest in a book

map

US / mæp /

•

UK / mæp /

noun
Diagram showing the geography of an area
verb
To draw a diagram to show the geography of an area
To find points of similarity between things

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

below

US / bɪ'ləʊ /

•

UK / bɪˈlo /

preposition
In a lower position, place, or level

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

open

US / 'əʊpən /

•

UK / ˈopən /

adjecitve
Available for use; accessible
Not being hidden; available for others to see
Being available for customers to enter or use
Allowing everyone to use or take part in
Not secret anymore
Not closed or shut
Willing to accept new ideas and thoughts
noun
Name for a tennis or golf competition
verb
To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
To start the activities or services of a business
To make a space or hole appear in something
To move or change so that it is no longer closed
To start something, e.g. a new business

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

join

US / dʒɔɪn /

•

UK / dʒɔɪn /

verb
To bring something close to another, to become one
To become a member of
To participate in an activity with others

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

lithuania

US / ˌlɪθjʊ'eɪnɪə /

•

UK / ˌlɪθʊ'eɪnɪr /

other
A republic in northeastern Europe on the Baltic Sea

region

US / 'ri:dʒən /

•

UK / ˈridʒən /

noun
Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

brand

US / brænd /

•

UK / brænd /

noun
A mark burned on an animal to show who owns it
Product made or designed by a named company
verb
To burn a mark on an animal to show who owns it
To describe someone as a liar, coward, etc.
To give a famous name to a product or service

mostly

US / ˈməʊstli /

•

UK / ˈmoʊstli /

adverb
In large part; mainly or chiefly

guy

US / ɡaɪ /

•

UK / ɡaɪ /

noun
Man; boy; any person

plug

US / plʌg /

•

UK / plʌɡ /

noun
Wood, rubber or metal used to block a hole
Thing on a wire to connect to electricity supply
A promotion of a product
verb
To use an object to block a hole
To promote or advertise a product

rest

US / rest /

•

UK / rɛst /

noun
Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
State in which there is a lack of motion
Part of something remaining after some was used
verb
To stop working or avoid activity to recover
(Of dead person) to lie in a grave
To lean, support or place something against
To not be tired because you had enough sleep

gauge

US / ɡeɪdʒ /

•

UK / ɡedʒ /

noun
A tool used to measure things
verb
To measure or make a judgment about something

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

cross

US / krɒs /

•

UK / krɔs, krɑs /

adjecitve
Angry and upset
From one side of something to the other
noun
(Of animals) mixture of breeds in one animal
Person's name
verb
To put one thing over another e.g. arms
To breed one type of animal or plant with another
To not to agree with someone; oppose
To go from one side of something to the other
To meet at one point

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

environment

US / ɪn'vaɪrənmənt /

•

UK / ɛnˈvaɪrənmənt, -ˈvaɪən- /

noun
Natural world in which plants and animals live
The entire surrounding conditions of something

certainly

US / ˈsə:tnli /

•

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

adverb
Sure; of course

unexploded

US / ˌʌnɪkˈspləʊdɪd /

•

UK / ˌʌnɪkˈsploʊdɪd /

adjecitve
(Of bomb) not having blown up

prepare

US / prɪˈpeə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈper /

verb
To make something ready for use

sometimes

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

adverb
Only at certain times; occasionally

east

US / i:st /

•

UK / i:st /

noun
Direction where the sun rises
Geographic area including India, China, Japan etc.

double

US / 'dʌbl /

•

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

adjecitve
Concerning or intended for use by two people
Two times the amount or degree; twice
Made of two parts that are the same, similar
noun
Person that is exactly like someone else
verb
To be used for two functions at the same time
To make or become twice as much

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

rather

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

adverb
Somewhat; fairly; not that much

connection

US / kəˈnekʃn /

•

UK / kəˈnɛkʃən /

noun
Something that joins things together; being joined
Person you know who can help you in some way
Changing vehicles when traveling

legislation

US / ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌlɛdʒɪˈsleʃən /

noun
Act or process of writing and passing laws

detect

US / dɪˈtekt /

•

UK / dɪˈtɛkt /

verb
To discover or identify the presence of something

garden

US / ˈgɑ:dn /

•

UK / ˈgɑ:rdn /

noun
Yard; ground outside your house to grow plants
Public park in which visitors can see flowers
verb
To work in a yard to grow plants, vegetables

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

outskirt

US / 'aʊtˌskɜ:t /

•

UK / ˈaʊtˌskət /

other
A part of the city far removed from the center

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

pollution

US / pəˈlu:ʃn /

•

UK / pəˈluʃən /

noun
Dangerous substances released into an environment

channel

US / 'tʃænl /

•

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

noun
Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
TV or radio station or its programs
Method or way of sending or receiving information
Narrow passage through which water travels
Method or route used for sending or getting things
verb
To dig a long hole for carrying water
To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
To direct water or liquid through a passage
To direct energy or feelings into something

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

floor

US / flɔ:(r) /

•

UK / flɔr, flor /

noun
Large area used for a particular purpose
Part of a room on which you stand
Particular level in a building; storey
verb
To hit or push someone to the ground
To surprise or confuse someone who can't respond

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

picture

US / 'pɪktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɪktʃɚ /

noun
General situation or state of being
Mental image of what something is or looks like
Movie; film
Painting, drawing or photograph on paper or screen
verb
To understand or imagine something
To imagine someone or something in an image

scheme

US / ski:m /

•

UK / skim /

noun
Plan (sometimes dishonest) to get or do something
Way something is organized, e.g. colors of a room
verb
To make secret plans to do something (often bad)

regional

US / ˈri:dʒənl /

•

UK / ˈridʒənəl /

adjecitve
Of a particular area, not the whole of a country

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

train

US / treɪn /

•

UK / tren /

noun
Line of people, animals moving the same direction
Vehicle that carries people and runs on rails
Long rear section of a (e.g. wedding) dress
Series of events happening one after another
verb
To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
To point a certain way or toward something
To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

reduce

US / rɪ'dju:s /

•

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
To make something smaller in size, amount, level

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

match

US / mætʃ /

•

UK / mætʃ /

noun
Something that is equal to or the same as another
Small stick you strike to light a fire candle etc.
A sports competition between two people or teams
Person or thing that goes well with another
verb
To equal or be as good as something else
To work well or look good with something else

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

antwerp

US / ˈæntwə:p /

•

UK / ˈæntwəp /

proper noun
A port in northern Belgium, on the Scheldt River; population 472,071 (2008). By the 16th century, it

riga

US / ˈri:ɡə /

•

UK / ˈriɡə /

proper noun
A port on the Baltic Sea, capital of Latvia; population 722,000 (est. 2007).

turin

US / tjuˈrin /

•

UK / ˈtʊrɪn, ˈtjʊr- /

proper noun
A city in northwestern Italy on the Po River, capital of Piedmont region; population 908,825 (2008).

europe

US / ˈjʊərəp /

•

UK / ˈjʊrəp /

noun
A continent including Germany, France and Spain
other
The second smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use 'Europe' to re

legitimate

US / lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət /

•

UK / ləˈdʒɪtəmɪt /

adjecitve
Being born to legally married parents
Being reasonable and sound
verb
To make acceptable and sound

distance

US / 'dɪstəns /

•

UK / ˈdɪstəns /

noun
Lack of friendliness toward another person
Amount of space between two places or things
verb
To make it clear that you are not involved

tonne

US / tʌn /

•

UK / tʌn /

noun
Unit of weight equivalent to 1000 kilograms

estonia

US / e'stəʊnɪə /

•

UK / e'stoʊnɪr /

noun
A republic in northeastern Europe on the Baltic Sea

nine

US / naɪn /

•

UK / naɪn /

number
9

finally

US / ˈfaɪnəli /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

adverb
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
After a long time or some difficulty

insert

US / ɪnˈsɜ:t /

•

UK / ɪnˈsɜ:rt /

noun
Act of putting into a certain place or spot
verb
To put something into a certain place or spot

form

US / fɔ:m /

•

UK / fɔrm /

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind
verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

idem

US / ˈɪdem /

•

UK / ˈɪdem /

noun
Something that has been mentioned previously; the same

glaze

US / gleɪz /

•

UK / ɡlez /

noun
Light coating of liquid that makes surface shiny
verb
To cover (food) with liquid to make it shine
(Eyes) to show no reaction; become dull, lifeless
To fit a piece of glass in the frame of a window

altogether

US / ˌɔ:ltəˈgeðə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɔltəˈɡɛðɚ /

adverb
All things considered
Completely and entirely, fully
With all included and counted

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

thirteen

US / ˌθɜ:'ti:n /

•

UK / θə:ˈtin /

number
13

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

approach

US / ə'prəʊtʃ /

•

UK / əˈprəʊtʃ /

noun
Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
Specific way to handle a project, task, problem
verb
To get close to reaching something or somewhere
To request someone to do something specific

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

pour

US / pɔ:(r) /

•

UK / pɔr, por /

verb
To fill a person's glass or cup with a drink
To make something flow in a steady stream
To rain very heavily

belt

US / belt /

•

UK / bɛlt /

noun
Band of material worn around a person's waist
Area with a lot of a particular feature e.g. corn
verb
To leave somewhere quickly (UK use)
To put a belt around something or someone

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

design

US / dɪˈzaɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

noun
The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
verb
To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
To think of a plan

direction

US / də'rekʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkʃən, daɪ- /

noun
When someone tells people what to do
Describes the way you are going, e.g. North

eighteen

US / ˌeɪˈti:n /

•

UK / eˈtin /

number
18

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

military

US / 'mɪlətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning the army or navy
noun
Army or armed forces

roof

US / ru:f /

•

UK / ruf,rʊf /

noun
Top of the inside a tunnel, cave, mouth etc.
Cover or top of a building or car
verb
To place a cover or top onto a building, vehicle

gain

US / ɡeɪn /

•

UK / ɡen /

noun
An increase in something, such as weight
verb
To increase in something, such as weight
To get something wanted, needed or valued

error

US / ˈerə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛrɚ /

noun
Something that is not correct; a mistake

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

brenner

US / ˈbrɛnər /

•

UK / /

organization

US / ˌɔ:gənaɪˈzeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɔrɡənɪˈzeʃən /

noun
Group of people with a particular purpose

stake

US / steɪk /

•

UK / stek /

noun
Share/interest in the success of a business, etc.
Money bet in a game that can be won or lost
The share you have in a company
Post stuck in the ground you can tie things to
verb
To bet or wager on an outcome
To risk something important by taking a risk

kilometre

US / ˈkɪləmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɪləmiːtər /

noun
A metric unit of length equal to 1000 metres

journey

US / 'dʒɜ:nɪ /

•

UK / ˈdʒɚni /

noun
Act of traveling from one place to another; trip
verb
To travel through a place

length

US / leŋθ /

•

UK / leŋθ /

noun
Distance from one end of a pool to the other
Measurement of distance or of time

nature

US / 'neɪtʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnetʃɚ /

noun
Person's character or particular way of behaving
Basic look, feel or function of something
Physical world, including plants, animals, rocks

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

spectacular

US / spekˈtækjələ(r) /

•

UK / spɛkˈtækjəlɚ /

adjecitve
Impressive or out of the ordinary

speed

US / spi:d /

•

UK / spid /

noun
How fast or slow something is or is done
verb
To move quickly when completing an action
To drive a vehicle faster than laws allow

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

freight

US / freɪt /

•

UK / fret /

noun
Commercial transportation of goods

drill

US / drɪl /

•

UK / drɪl /

noun
A machine that makes holes with a metal bit
Exercise done to learn military skills
Disciplined practice, as of soldiers marching
verb
To make a deep hole to find oil, gas etc.
To put a hole in something by using a boring tool
To train in something through repetition

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

link

US / lɪŋk /

•

UK / lɪŋk /

noun
Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
Connection between two or more things or people
Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
verb
To join or connect together

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

sustainable

US / səˈsteɪnəbl /

•

UK / səˈsteɪnəbl /

adjecitve
Capable of continuing for a long time
Able to be maintained without running out of

project

US / prəˈdʒekt /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

noun
A planned piece of work for specific purpose
Group of homes built by government for poor people
verb
To predict what will happen in the future
To show something on a screen using light
To stick out past the edge of something

passenger

US / 'pæsɪndʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpæsəndʒɚ /

noun
Person who is traveling in a vehicle

miss

US / mɪs /

•

UK / mɪs /

noun
Action of not hitting something or someone
Form of address to unmarried girl or woman
verb
To be absent
To fail to hit something e.g. a ball
To do without something
To fail to see or sense something
To fail to understand someone's message
To be too late to ride on something e.g. train
To feel you want to see someone who is not there

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

upstate

US / ˌʌpˈsteɪt /

•

UK / ˈʌpˌstet /

adverb
In or toward the northern parts of a state

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

main

US / meɪn /

•

UK / men /

adjecitve
Most important; most often used

act

US / ækt /

•

UK / ækt /

noun
What someone did; action; behavior
A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
verb
To behave in a certain way
To perform on a stage or in a movie

network

US / ˈnetwɜ:k /

•

UK / ˈnetwɜ:rk /

noun
Group of computers connected to each other
System of connections
Group who work closely with each other
Group of radio or television stations, programs
verb
To join a group of computers together
To exchange information with colleagues, contacts

install

US / ɪnˈstɔ:l /

•

UK / ɪnˈstɔl /

verb
To set up equipment so that it is ready to use
To place someone officially in a job position

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

throw

US / θrəʊ /

•

UK / θroʊ /

noun
Arm movement to make a thing fly through the air
Loose cloth or blanket (usually over a chair)
Forcibly putting someone on the ground
verb
To use your arm to make something fly in the air
To move part of your body suddenly and forcefully
To confuse or upset someone
(E.g. judo) to forcibly put someone on the ground
To put something somewhere suddenly and roughly

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

regular

US / ˈregjələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

adjecitve
Having an equal amount of space or time in between
Occurring or being done frequently
Being normal, usual, or average
noun
Customers who frequently visit a place
Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

leon

US / liːˈɒn /

•

UK / ˈliɑn /

other
A historical area and former kingdom in northwestern Spain

tunnel

US / 'tʌnl /

•

UK / ˈtʌnəl /

adjecitve
As if looking in a long hole
noun
Passage under the ground, often for cars or trains
verb
To dig a hole from one side to another

multi

US / 'mʌlti /

•

UK / ˈmʌlti /

prefix
A prefix meaning 'many' or 'more than one'

everyone

US / ˈevriwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

pronoun
Every person; everybody

huge

US / hju:dʒ /

•

UK / hjudʒ /

adjecitve
Very very large

neighbour

US / 'neɪbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnebɚ /

noun
Person who lives, or is near, you

original

US / ə'rɪdʒənl /

•

UK / əˈrɪdʒənəl /

adjecitve
Being first made, thought or performed; fresh
Being unique or thinking differently from others

Subtitles section

This is one of the biggest new rail projects in Europe and it's set to plug a major gap in the continent's high speed network.

Over eight hundred kilometres long and running across three countries that have lacked a modern railway since the fall of the Soviet Union, it's a scheme that's throwing up some immense challenges.

As one of the EU's transport priorities over the course of this decade, the pressure's on to get it right.

With spectacular engineering, advanced technology and world class design, this is how the Baltic states are using big infrastructure to put themselves firmly on the map.

Now, if you're a regular follower of this channel, there's a very good chance you've heard of the Trans European Transport Network.

It's a massive scheme by the EU to connect member states with upstate infrastructure, mostly rail.

The massive Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link, the Leon Turin Railway, the Brenner Base Tunnel, they're all a part of it.

Known for their enormous scale and for the countries involved.

But now there's a new player rising in the east.

Well, in fact, three new players.

The Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

Together they make up a huge chunk of the North Sea Baltic Corridor from Antwerp to Helsinki, one of the major priority routes on the network.

And yet, the rail infrastructure of these nations is far behind that of their western neighbours, dating back to before the early nineties.

Why?

Well, because that's when the Soviet Union collapsed, which they were all once a part of.

Left behind was a series of railways that run mostly east to west rather than north to south, meaning the three countries aren't that well connected.

On top of that, they were built to a different standard in gauge to the rest of Europe, which isn't helpful when you're trying to join up the whole continent.

So, what are they going to do about it?

Well, building one new big railway from scratch and calling it this.

RailBaltica.

The largest infrastructure project in this region for a hundred years.

Real Baltica is a massive infrastructure project connecting three Baltic states and bringing significant changes to the region.

The project's primary object is to enhance regional connectivity, foster economic growth and promote sustainable transportation.

It's an eight hundred and seventy kilometre high speed railway from Tallinn in Estonia, running down to Lithuania, the Polish border and eventually the rest of Europe.

The trip between the capitals will take just over three and a half hours.

That's shorter than Gone With The Wind.

Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn.

Well, you should, Clark Gable, because that is seriously quick.

Both high speed passenger trains, capable of up to two hundred and forty nine kilometres an hour, and freight trains running at about one hundred and twenty kilometres an hour are going to use this line.

And the entire route is being electrified.

That'll help to lower CO₂ emissions and reduce air pollution by more than eighteen per cent compared to other forms of transport.

Since the year of construction, construction works have been ramping up, and as you can probably imagine, there's quite a lot happening.

The history of Robaltica goes back around thirty years ago, but today I can see that a large part of designs are in the final stage.

So we are still doing designs in all three Baltic states, but also in parallel already a couple of years are going massive construction work.

To break it all down for you, let's go on a quick tour of the main sites from top to bottom, starting with what will be the northern end of the railway.

It all begins here in Ulemist on the outskirts of Tallinn.

This is where the spectacular new passenger terminal designed by Zaha Hadid Architects has now broken ground.

Creating an international gateway to Estonia right next to the country's main airport

It'll act both as a multi modal transport hub and a public bridge.

As well as rail, passengers are going to be offered seamless connections to bus and tram routes, and it's all being built using a modular approach.

Excavation for the station building is now in progress, along with the foundations and supporting structures.

It took longer than planned to dig up the old infrastructure.

Elsewhere in Estonia, the construction of new crossings where cars, trains and wildlife will intersect has been the focus.

That includes a seventy three metre overpass, four viaducts over the future railway already open to traffic, and an ecoduct.

What do we mean by that?

Well, it's like a viaduct, obviously, but the bit over the top is only going to be used by animals.

This one's made of the fifty four concrete arch elements, twenty five tonnes in weight each, which are all connected together to form a tunnel.

Further down in Latvia, where more than two hundred bridges are being built, trains will either loop off to the capital Riga or carry on south towards Lithuania.

It's in Riga where a lot of the action is happening right now, like the stunning new station which is already taking shape.

When complete, it'll become the largest passenger service hub in the Baltics in terms of visitor numbers, with a total area of almost thirteen thousand square metres and a massive glazed roof.

By late of the year, the bases of the seven arches that'll cover the building were all in place and are now being joined together.

Just a short distance away will be a new bridge over the Doguval River.

Trains will use it to get to the airport and construction of that is now in the early stages.

There's also loads of work happening at the airport itself.

The Rail Baltica International Passenger Terminal will become the first high speed rail and air traffic connection hub in the region.

Progress on that so far has been mostly underground, on the foundations for the station building and more than five hundred piles that are going to support the platforms going down over thirty metres.

Digging below the surface, you don't always know what you're going to find, and that's certainly been the case in Sekula, where teams are preparing to build the main line.

Technicians had to clear a former military site that was destroyed during World War Two, scattering unexploded munitions all over the area.

That's not ideal when you're trying to do geological surveys, like the next piece of infrastructure a few kilometres to the south.

Here, a second new bridge over the Dogavar is being worked on, but this one will carry both trains and cars.

Daugava dual bridge, which will be in two floors.

On the first floor will be high speed train, on the second floor will have cars and it's in Baltic states something new.

Now, before the teams can start building, they need to know more about the ground conditions under the river.

That's why a floating platform was set up with a big drill, allowing experts to collect samples for testing.

The results will allow engineers to work out how deep to make the foundations prior to assembling the bridge.

Staying with bridges, to find the next big one on our journey, we need to cross the border into Lithuania, where the route will fork in two directions toward Vilnius and Kaunas.

With a total length of three hundred and ninety two kilometres, Lithuania has by far the greatest share of the line.

And this bridge over the Nerys River, more than one thousand five hundred metres long, is definitely one of the highlights.

A huge drilling machine is being used to install three hundred and seventy six piles.

Once it's finished making each hole, a metal framework is inserted, followed by a concrete pour.

It'll take up to an estimated tonne of reinforcement and up to an estimated tonne of concrete to build it.

Finally, Lithuania's capital Vilnius is also getting a brand new station.

Nicknamed Green Connect, their idea was for an integrated hub that again doubled up as a bridge, surrounded by nature and open public spaces.

It'll have a roof made from locally sourced timber, water gardens for processing rainwater, and the integration of a heritage building from the original station.

So, the big question, how much is this all going to cost, and when's it going to be ready?

Well, the original estimate was around USDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSDUSD

It's claimed there have been delays and uncertainties with some of those sites in Riga, which could see the line bypass the city altogether when it first opens.

Then there's the sheer complexity of it all.

Building a railway through one country is tough enough, but when it's crossing three of them it becomes extremely challenging.

Each state has its own separate body for the project.

Teams are having to collaborate closely across borders.

And hundreds of contracts are currently active.

It's kind of challenging.

Sometimes we are calling each other like three brothers, sometimes cousins, because not so close, as our legislations are different, languages are different, and even mentality is different.

But thanks to digital technology, multiple organisations have been working together seamlessly to get Rail Baltica up to speed.

Based in Spain, IDEM is handling construction design and supervision for a large portion of the new line.

IDEM's role in the Rail Baltica project has been to be responsible for the design of the three hundred and eighty nine kilometres of the Baltic corridor.

Our scope of work

includes railway and road bridges, viaducts, including the longest bridge in the Baltic countries.

Using a number of applications from Bentley Systems, such as ProjectWise and Open Buildings Designer, EDEM established a connected data environment.

This allowed teams to collaborate via three D models and detect clashes during design.

The benefits of ProjectWise is that it allows us to have a legitimate source of information

This way everyone can have real time access to this information and also it's always up to date so it gives less space for errors."

Despite not everything going to plan, having a system like this in place has certainly boosted the Baltic's chances of having a high speed rail line up and running before the end of the decade.

For years, the Baltic states have been crying out for a railway to match the rest of Europe, and the early signs are that it will have been worth the wait.

Of course, it hasn't been straightforward.

These projects never are, especially when there's so much at stake.

But like so many of the other big infrastructure projects happening across the continent, the three main countries won't be the only ones set to gain.

It's part of a much bigger picture, with a missing piece that's now being slotted into place.

This video was sponsored by Bentley Systems, you can learn more about that at the link below.

And as always guys, if you enjoyed this video and you want to get more from the definitive video channel for construction, make sure you're subscribed to The B'One M.