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How AI Will Step off the Screen and into the Real World | Daniela Rus | TED

Original YouTube Video | TED Published on 2024-04-19 Level：1 Speed：17 maxwordlevel：22

Video vocabulary

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

tree

US / tri: /

•

UK / tri /

noun
Tall green plants in a forest

detect

US / dɪˈtekt /

•

UK / dɪˈtɛkt /

verb
To discover or identify the presence of something

separation

US / ˌsepəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɛpəˈreʃən /

noun
A line that separates; a point of parting; a gap
State of not live together, but are still married

bush

US / bʊʃ /

•

UK / bʊʃ /

noun
A wooden plant that is smaller than a tree

complex

US / 'kɒmpleks /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks /

adjecitve
Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
noun
Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
Psychological issue regarding self-image

optimize

US / ˈɒptɪmaɪz /

•

UK / ˈɑ:ptɪmaɪz /

verb
To make as effective as possible

train

US / treɪn /

•

UK / tren /

noun
Line of people, animals moving the same direction
Vehicle that carries people and runs on rails
Long rear section of a (e.g. wedding) dress
Series of events happening one after another
verb
To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
To point a certain way or toward something
To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

robotic

US / rəʊˈbɒtɪk /

•

UK / roʊˈbɑ:tɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning mechanical robots

reduce

US / rɪ'dju:s /

•

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
To make something smaller in size, amount, level

release

US / rɪ'li:s /

•

UK / rɪ'li:s /

noun
Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
Relief from sadness, suffering or trouble
Act of freeing from a jail, cage, prison, etc.
verb
To free someone from a responsibility or burden
To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
To allow to leave a jail, cage, etc.; let out
To let go of something you are holding

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

environment

US / ɪn'vaɪrənmənt /

•

UK / ɛnˈvaɪrənmənt, -ˈvaɪən- /

noun
Natural world in which plants and animals live
The entire surrounding conditions of something

layer

US / ˈleiə /

•

UK / ˈleɚ /

noun
One of several sheets of a material or object
verb
To put things one on top of another

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

prototype

US / ˈprəʊ.tə.taɪp /

•

UK / ˈproʊ.t̬ə.taɪp /

noun
A first or preliminary version of a device or vehicle from which other forms are developed

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

fish

US / fɪʃ /

•

UK / fɪʃ /

noun
Animal that swims and lives in water
verb
To go fishing with a net or hook

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

photo

US / ˈfəʊtəʊ /

•

UK / ˈfoʊtoʊ /

noun
Short for photograph; a picture taken by a camera

robot

US / ˈrəʊbɒt /

•

UK / ˈroʊbɑ:t /

noun
Machine able perform more tasks that people can

inspiration

US / ˌɪnspə'reɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnspəˈreʃən /

noun
Force making you feel you can do things, succeed

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

rather

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

adverb
Somewhat; fairly; not that much

intelligence

US / ɪn'telɪdʒəns /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛlədʒəns /

adjecitve
Of the spying services; acting in secrecy
noun
Collection of secret information about something
Ability to learn things or to consider situations

drone

US / drəʊn /

•

UK / dron /

noun
A remote controlled flying device
A continually dull or monotonous voice
Male bee
verb
To talk in a continually dull or monotonous voice

contrast

US / 'kɒntrɑ:st /

•

UK / ˈkɑ:ntræst /

noun
Comparison that shows obvious differences
Difference in light and dark in photos, etc.
verb
To compare; to show clear, obvious differences

invite

US / ɪnˈvaɪt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvaɪt /

noun
An invitation
verb
To ask someone to go somewhere or do something

supermarket

US / ˈsju:pəˌmɑ:kit /

•

UK / ˈsupɚˌmɑrkɪt /

noun
Self-service store selling groceries etc.

screen

US / skri:n /

•

UK / skrin /

noun
Wire net in a door or window to keep insects out
Displays in a theater on which movies are shown
Flat surface on a computer or TV showing images
verb
To hide or block something from being seen
To examine to find something, e.g. best candidate

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

nineteen

US / ˌnaɪnˈti:n /

•

UK / naɪnˈtin /

number
19

horizon

US / həˈraɪzn /

•

UK / həˈraɪzn /

noun
Line where the earth or sea meets the sky
Limits of someone's experience or understanding

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

pose

US / pəʊz /

•

UK / poʊz /

noun
False behavior to gain respect or liking
verb
To be or exist as (a problem, threat etc.)
To suggest an idea, question or solution
To sit or stand while being painted or drawn
To put someone in a position to be photographed

leap

US / li:p /

•

UK / lip /

noun
(Of prices) a quick large increase
A large forward step or jump
verb
To enter or start something eagerly
(Of prices) to increase quickly by a large amount
To jump over something

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

button

US / 'bʌtn /

•

UK / ˈbʌtn /

noun
Small round piece material used to fasten clothing
Switch activated by pressing
verb
To fasten e.g. a shirt, coat

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

elegan

US / /

•

UK / /

resource

US / riˈsɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈriˌsɔrs, -ˌsors, -ˌzɔrs, -ˌzors, rɪˈsɔrs, -ˈsors, /

noun
Something that can be used profitably; asset
An essential supply of something
Resourcefulness; ability to deal with problems
verb
To obtain (e.g. oil, gas) from its source

clean

US / kli:n /

•

UK / klin /

adjecitve
Not marked in any way; blank
Done according to the rules or standards; fair
Free from disease or sickness
Being free from dirt or marks; washed
Behaving well; not breaking any rules; legal
adverb
Completely; entirely
verb
To make free from dirt or marks; washed
To make neat and orderly e.g. a room
To remove the inner parts of an animal

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

disaster

US / dɪ'zɑ:stə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈzæstɚ, -ˈsæs- /

noun
State of extreme ruin and misfortune

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

precision

US / prɪˈsɪʒn /

•

UK / prɪˈsɪʒən /

adjecitve
Performed in a very careful, detailed manner
noun
Quality of being very accurate and exact

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

guide

US / ɡaɪd /

•

UK / ɡaɪd /

noun
Book or a magazine containing information/advice
Person leading others visiting an unknown place
verb
To help or advise someone about something
To control missile to hit a target by radio signal
To lead people visiting a new or unknown place

bunny

US / ˈbʌni /

•

UK / ˈbʌni /

noun
Rabbits

wildly

US / ˈwaɪldli /

•

UK / ˈwaɪldlɪ /

adverb
In an uncontrolled manner; very; strongly

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

brave

US / breɪv /

•

UK / brev /

adjecitve
Not letting fear or danger stop you acting
noun
(Old-fashioned) A native American warrior
verb
To not be afraid of doing something dangerous

rethink

US / ˌri:ˈθɪŋk /

•

UK / riˈθɪŋk /

verb
To reconsider or think again about something

attention

US / əˈtenʃn /

•

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Taking notice of someone or something
(Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

execute

US / ˈeksɪkju:t /

•

UK / ˈɛksɪˌkjut /

verb
To kill someone, usually as an official punishment
To perform a plan or action

network

US / ˈnetwɜ:k /

•

UK / ˈnetwɜ:rk /

noun
Group of computers connected to each other
System of connections
Group who work closely with each other
Group of radio or television stations, programs
verb
To join a group of computers together
To exchange information with colleagues, contacts

functional

US / ˈfʌŋkʃənl /

•

UK / ˈfʌŋkʃənəl /

adjecitve
Useful; not just for decoration

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

pre

US / ˈpriː /

•

UK / ˈpriː /

prefix
A prefix meaning 'before'
In preparation or in advance

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

transcend

US / trænˈsend /

•

UK / trænˈsɛnd /

verb
To achieve or go beyond normal limits of

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

design

US / dɪˈzaɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

noun
The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
verb
To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
To think of a plan

phenomenal

US / fəˈnɒmɪnl /

•

UK / fɪˈnɑmənəl /

adjecitve
Amazing; remarkable

heavy

US / 'hevɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɛvi /

adjecitve
Greater in amount, degree, or severity than usual
Involving serious or strong emotions
Having a lot of weight

approach

US / ə'prəʊtʃ /

•

UK / əˈprəʊtʃ /

noun
Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
Specific way to handle a project, task, problem
verb
To get close to reaching something or somewhere
To request someone to do something specific

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

tackle

US / 'tækl /

•

UK / ˈtækəl /

noun
Equipment used in fishing
Arrangement of ropes and wheels used for lifting
Attempt to force a person to the ground
verb
To start working on a difficult problem
To grab and throw a person to the ground

billion

US / ˈbɪljən /

•

UK / ˈbɪljən /

noun
Number 1,000,000,000

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

sustainable

US / səˈsteɪnəbl /

•

UK / səˈsteɪnəbl /

adjecitve
Capable of continuing for a long time
Able to be maintained without running out of

moreover

US / mɔ:rˈəʊvə(r) /

•

UK / mɔ:rˈoʊvər /

adverb
In addition to what has been said

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

cuddly

US / ˈkʌdli /

•

UK / ˈkʌdli /

adjecitve
That makes you want to bug them; plump or friendly

engine

US / 'endʒɪn /

•

UK / ˈɛndʒɪn /

noun
Machine that changes energy into mechanical motion
The part of a train that pulls railway cars

activity

US / æk'tɪvətɪ /

•

UK / ækˈtɪvɪti /

noun
An action or task, e.g. sports, washing clothes

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

representation

US / ˌreprɪzenˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteʃən /

noun
Depicting objects, figures, or scenes as seen
Picture showing something in a particular way
Act or action of representing something

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

largely

US / ˈlɑ:dʒli /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:rdʒli /

adverb
In large part; mainly or chiefly

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

innovation

US / ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnəˈveʃən /

noun
Process of creating new ideas or inventions

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

dashboard

US / ˈdæʃbɔ:d /

•

UK / ˈdæʃˌbɔrd, -ˌbord /

noun
Console of a car or vehicle

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

string

US / strɪŋ /

•

UK / strɪŋ /

noun
A line of connected objects
Thick thread; thin rope
verb
To tie or connect things together with a thread

professor

US / prəˈfesə(r) /

•

UK / prəˈfɛsɚ /

noun
Teacher who teaches at a college or university

background

US / ˈbækgraʊnd /

•

UK / ˈbækˌɡraʊnd /

noun
Images, color, or information behind the main one
Someone's personal work and educational history
A position not as important as the main event
Past events that influence things in the present

self

US / self /

•

UK / sɛlf /

noun
Person's own interests or desires
Person that someone really is
Particular aspect of someone's personality
Person, usually someone already been mentioned

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

model

US / ˈmɒdl /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:dl /

adjecitve
Being an excellent example of
noun
Person who wears fashion to show it to the public
A small scale copy of a full original
verb
To wear and display clothes at a fashion show
To make a small scale copy of a full original

information

US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

noun
Collection of facts and details about something

collaborator

US / kəˈlæbəreɪtə(r) /

•

UK / kəˈlæbəˌretɚ /

noun
Someone who cooperates with an enemy
Someone you are working on a task together with

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

presence

US / ˈprezns /

•

UK / ˈprɛzəns /

noun
The same place or area that a person is
Ability to reach a market, group of people etc.
Something not physically seen but felt to be there
Feeling a person gives by being noticeable

increase

US / ɪn'kri:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈkris /

noun
Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
verb
To make or become larger in size or amount

process

US / prə'ses /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

noun
Dealing with official forms in the way required
Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
verb
To organize and use data in a computer
To deal with official forms in the way required
To prepare by treating something in a certain way
To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
To convert by putting something through a machine

ice

US / aɪs /

•

UK / aɪs /

noun
Frozen gas or liquid, esp. water
Sweet food made of frozen cream, or juices
verb
To make something cold by putting on frozen water
To spread a sweet and creamy substance on a cake

artificial

US / ˌɑ:tɪ'fɪʃl /

•

UK / ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl /

adjecitve
Dishonest, to seem fake, not sincere
(Something) made by people; not created by nature

summertime

US / ˈsʌmətaɪm /

•

UK / ˈsʌmɚˌtaɪm /

noun
Warmest season of the year

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

cream

US / kri:m /

•

UK / krim /

adjecitve
Pale color that is yellowish white
noun
Type of a thick beauty product used on the skin
Thick liquid rubbed into the skin
The top part of milk when left standing
verb
To defeat someone with ease
To have added cream
To mix together into a thick substance or liquid

confine

US / kənˈfaɪn /

•

UK / kənˈfaɪn /

verb
To hold or imprison someone in a place
Limit to your movements or behavior s

singularity

US / ˌsɪŋgjuˈlærəti /

•

UK / ˌsɪŋɡjəˈlærɪti /

noun
Quality that makes something unusual or odd

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

upper

US / ˈʌpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌpɚ /

adjecitve
Located above others of the same kind
Being the northern part of a region
Being closer to the source of a river
noun
Drug that improves mood or increases energy
Something happy or encouraging
Top part of a shoe, other than the flat bottom

computation

US / ˌkɒmpjuˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmpjʊˈteʃən /

noun
Act of calculating; method of computing

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

controllable

US / kənˈtrəʊləbl /

•

UK / kənˈtroʊləbl /

adjecitve
Able to be managed

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

machine

US / mə'ʃi:n /

•

UK / məˈʃin /

noun
Piece of equipment used to do work
Powerful group who control and organize things
verb
To shape, work on something, using a device

unit

US / ˈju:nɪt /

•

UK / ˈjunɪt /

noun
One apartment in a building
Group of people, e.g. soldiers, that work together
A chapter of a textbook
A standard of measurement of something
Single item made by a company

wood

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

adjecitve
Living or existing in the woods
Made from the material from trees
noun
Person's name
Land covered with trees, smaller than a forest
Cut tree used for making fires or building things
verb
To plant an area of land with trees

unfold

US / ʌn'fəʊld /

•

UK / ʌnˈfold /

other
To happen, be told or be revealed
verb
(Of a situation) to be told or revealed
To open something that was folded
To move apart two things such as your two arms

confuse

US / kənˈfju:z /

•

UK / kənˈfjuz /

verb
To make something unclear or hard to understand

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

worm

US / wɜ:m /

•

UK / wɚm /

noun
Small thin tube-shaped animal without legs
verb
To remove worms from an animals stomach
To get information, etc. out of, by tricking them
To cause something to move slowly or weave through

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

extraordinary

US / ɪkˈstrɔ:dnri /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrɔ:rdəneri /

adjecitve
Beyond what is ordinary; very unusual; remarkable

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

car

US / kɑ:(r) /

•

UK / kɑr /

noun
A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

kitchen

US / ˈkɪtʃɪn /

•

UK / ˈkɪtʃən /

noun
Place where food is cooked

muscle

US / 'mʌsl /

•

UK / ˈmʌsəl /

noun
Physical power
Body tissue that moves parts of the body
verb
To use or muscles of force to get what you want

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

correlate

US / ˈkɒrəleɪt /

•

UK / ˈkɔ:rəleɪt /

verb
To have/show the relationship between two things

enterprise

US / ˈentəpraɪz /

•

UK / ˈentərpraɪz /

noun
A business or organization
Task often considered difficult or challenging

ourselves

US / ɑ:ˈselvz /

•

UK / aʊrˈsɛlvz, ɑr- /

pronoun
(Showing speaker is affected by their own action)

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

surround

US / səˈraʊnd /

•

UK / səˈraʊnd /

other
To be closely connected to and have an effect on
verb
To be all the way around something
To be closely connected to and have an effect on
To move closer on all sides of something

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

declare

US / dɪ'kleə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈklɛr /

verb
To make a statement in a strong and confident way
To show the cost of things purchased overseas
To say something in an official or sure way

code

US / kəʊd /

•

UK / kod /

noun
A password made of a set of letters or numbers
Set of rules for behavior
A secret language using secret symbols
Written part of a computer program
verb
To express information in a series of numbers
To write a secret message using secret symbols
To write programs using computer languages

separate

US / 'sepəreɪt /

•

UK / 'sepəreɪt /

adjecitve
Being different from or unrelated to another
verb
To divide two things by being in between them
To live away from your husband or wife
To move things away from each other

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

tool

US / tu:l /

•

UK / tul /

noun
Device used to make things, e.g. a hammer
verb
To provide a workshop with the right equipment

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

flow

US / fləʊ /

•

UK / flo /

noun
Amount of something that moves through an area
verb
To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

interact

US / ˌɪntər'ækt /

•

UK / ˌɪntɚˈækt /

verb
To talk or do things with each other

input

US / ˈɪnpʊt /

•

UK / ˈɪnˌpʊt /

noun
Advice or ideas that someone provides
verb
To put in information, advice or opinions

soft

US / sɒft /

•

UK / sɔft, sɑft /

adjecitve
Having flowing curves rather than sharp edges
Easy to press, bend or cut; not hard or firm
Showing a sympathetic and gentle heart
Not rough to the touch; light in feel
(Of lights, music) not too bright; not too loud

actuator

US / 'æktʃʊeɪtə /

•

UK / 'æktʃʊˌeɪtə /

other
A mechanism that puts something into automatic action

deploy

US / dɪˈplɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈplɔɪ /

verb
To put into position (often a military operation)

corner

US / 'kɔ:nə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɔrnɚ /

noun
Place where two lines, sides, corners etc. meet
Edges of something, e.g. eyes, boxing ring
verb
To force into a position impossible to escape from
To go around a bend in the road (often by driving)

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

liquid

US / ˈlɪkwɪd /

•

UK / ˈlɪkwɪd /

adjecitve
(Of wealth) being able to be spent as cash
In a state of being uncertain
Moving in a flowing manner, like water or oil
noun
Something that is similar to the state of water

agility

US / ə'dʒɪlətɪ /

•

UK / əˈdʒɪlɪti /

noun
Graceful quick and nimble movements

inside

US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

adjecitve
Being in something
Being in a building
adverb
Into a house; indoors
noun
Inner part or surface of something

fold

US / fəʊld /

•

UK / fold /

noun
Pen where sheep are kept
Group of people who have a common belief
verb
To bend one part of something against another
(Of business) to fail or close down
To hold something together such as your two arms

develop

US / dɪ'veləp /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

verb
To explain something in steps and in detail
To create or think of something
To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
To make a photograph from film

walk

US / wɔ:k /

•

UK / wɔk /

noun
Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
verb
To move with your legs at a slowish pace

noisy

US / 'nɔɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈnɔɪzi /

adjecitve
Being loud; too much sound

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

write

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

verb
To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
To invent or create a computer program
To create a song or piece of music

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

yield

US / ji:ld /

•

UK / jild /

noun
Amount of crops grown
Amount of profit you make
verb
To bend or break because of a strong force
To give way to someone or something else
To produce, usually in agriculture or business
To produce a certain amount of profit; result in
To total to a certain amount, as in a calculation

reside

US / rɪˈzaɪd /

•

UK / rɪˈzaɪd /

verb
To live in; dwell; to be present

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

successfully

US / sək'sesfəlɪ /

•

UK / səkˈsɛsfəlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that achieves a goal

digital

US / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

•

UK / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

adjecitve
Using electronic signals or computers

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

basic

US / 'beɪsɪk /

•

UK / ˈbesɪk /

adjecitve
At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

capture

US / 'kæptʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkæptʃɚ /

verb
To attract and hold e.g. interest, attention
To record, tape, or film something
To catch and prevent from being free
To take control of a place or object by force

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

wild

US / waɪld /

•

UK / waɪld /

adjecitve
Living in nature; not tame
(Of land) not developed by people
adverb
In a manner which lacks control
noun
A natural environment e.g. jungle, forest

performance

US / pə'fɔ:məns /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrməns /

noun
Act of doing something
Activity done to entertain an audience

science

US / 'saɪəns /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

noun
Study of the physical world, based on facts

breakthrough

US / 'breɪkθru: /

•

UK / ˈbrekˌθru /

noun
Important discovery in doing something difficult

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

ensure

US / ɪn'ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈʃʊr /

verb
To make something sure, certain, or safe

assistant

US / əˈsɪstənt /

•

UK / əˈsɪstənt /

adjecitve
(Person) helping another, usually as a job
noun
Person who helps another, usually as a job

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

print

US / prɪnt /

•

UK / prɪnt /

noun
Process of making books, magazines etc.
verb
To make many copies of a page, magazine or book
To write individual letters by hand in capitals

imagine

US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

•

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

verb
To think creatively about; form mental picture of

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

compute

US / kəm'pju:t /

•

UK / kəmˈpjut /

verb
To find out by calculating or estimating

helpful

US / ˈhelpfl /

•

UK / ˈhɛlpfəl /

adjecitve
Doing things that help someone

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

incredibly

US / ɪnˈkredəbli /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəblɪ /

adverb
To a great degree; very; amazingly

server

US / 'sɜ:və(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɚvɚ /

noun
A computer which distributes files to others
Person who gives food to others at a table

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

apply

US / ə'plaɪ /

•

UK / əˈplaɪ /

verb
To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
To commit your time and effort to doing something
To make something useful in a certain situation
To be relevant for a situation
To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

physics

US / ˈfɪzɪks /

•

UK / ˈfɪzɪks /

other
The study of heat, light, and energy on objects

nighter

US / ˈnaɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnaɪtər /

amaze

US / ə'meɪz /

•

UK / əˈmez /

verb
To cause wonder; to surprise completely

carry

US / ˈkæri /

•

UK / ˈkæri /

verb
To have a child, be pregnant
To have a disease you might give to others
(Of stores) to sell a particular product
To hold something and move it to another place
To travel a long distance (sound)
To support the weight or burden of something

routine

US / ru:ˈti:n /

•

UK / ruˈtin /

adjecitve
Happening or done regularly or habitually
Always the same; boring through lack of variety
noun
Regular or habitual way of behaving or doing
Series of actions that make up a performance

neuron

US / ˈnʊərˌɔn, ˈnjʊər- /

•

UK / ˈnʊrˌɑn, ˈnjʊr- /

noun
A nerve cell

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

grace

US / ɡreɪs /

•

UK / ɡres /

noun
Dignified polite behavior, as when things go badly
God's kindness shown to people
Movement that is smooth and attractive
Person's name
verb
To make a place look more attractive

transform

US / træns'fɔ:m /

•

UK / trænsˈfɔrm /

verb
To change the shape completely in a good way

study

US / 'stʌdɪ /

•

UK / ˈstʌdi /

noun
Room that a person studies or reads in
Piece of research
Topic or subject you research or learn about
verb
To focus on learning something usually at school

surprising

US / səˈpraɪzɪŋ /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Making you feel a bit shocked because unexpected
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

box

US / bɒks /

•

UK / bɑ:ks /

noun
A marked area of a baseball field
A container with four straight sides and a lid
Area of seating in a theater separated from others
A 4 sided container or shape printed on a page
Entire amount of something inside a container
verb
To strike someone on the side of the head
To pack an object in a six-sided container
To fight with gloved hands as a sport

enter

US / 'entə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛntɚ /

verb
To start a career or an education
To become a competitor in a contest
To add or type information in a computer
To go into a room, building etc.

research

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

noun
Study done to discover new ideas and facts
Work done to find or discover knowledge
verb
To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

opportunity

US / ˌɒpə'tju:nətɪ /

•

UK / ˌɑpɚˈtunɪti, -ˈtju- /

noun
Time, situation when a thing might be done; chance

limitation

US / ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌlɪmɪˈteʃən /

noun
Act of controlling or reducing the size of

drastically

US / 'drɑ:stɪklɪ /

•

UK / ˈdræstɪkl:ɪ /

adverb
In a sudden, extreme or severe manner

structure

US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

•

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

noun
The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
verb
To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

sensor

US / ˈsensə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɛnsɚ, -ˌsɔr /

noun
Device that detects movement or physical stimuli

decision

US / dɪ'sɪʒn /

•

UK / dɪˈsɪʒən /

noun
Choice made after thinking; final judgment
Ability to make quick and confident choices

round

US / raʊnd /

•

UK / raʊnd /

adjecitve
Being in the shape of a circle or ball
Consisting of curved and not straight lines
Somewhat fat or curved in physical appearance
Being a whole number, not a fraction, decimal
adverb
From beginning to end (e.g. of the year)
noun
One of the three-minute periods in boxing
Drinks bought by one person for a group
Series regular visits, routes, or stops at places
Single shot or bullet fired from a gun
An object with a circular shape
One stage in a series of games, e.g. football
One's turn in a game such as cards
preposition
Going around
verb
To cause or make a circular or curved shape
To go or pass around the bend or corner
To change from a fraction to nearest whole number

ability

US / ə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / əˈbɪlɪti /

noun
The power, resources or skill to do something

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

wire

US / 'waɪə(r) /

•

UK / waɪr /

noun
Thin, flexible thread of metal
Thin string of metal used to carry electricity
Act of sending a message by telegraph
verb
To connect two or more things together with cable
To send money to someone electronically
To send or send word to by telegraph

collect

US / kəˈlekt /

•

UK / kəˈlɛkt /

adverb
By asking the receiver of a call to pay for it
verb
To ask for money, e.g. for a charity
To gather things, people together in one place
To get and keep one type of things as a hobby
To take things and bring them together
To go and receive, e.g. a prize or an award
To take control of your own feelings or thoughts

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

dream

US / dri:m /

•

UK / drim /

noun
A wish or hope for something to happen
Imagination or image of something you want
Images, thoughts, feelings experienced when asleep
verb
To wish for something to happen
To experience thoughts, images while asleep

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

behaviour

US / bɪˈheɪvjə(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈhevjɚ /

noun
The way a person or thing acts; manner

wide

US / waɪd /

•

UK / waɪd /

adjecitve
Having a great distance from one side to the other
adverb
Fully; completely

law

US / lɔ: /

•

UK / lɔ /

noun
Field of study that relates to the legal profession
A rule made and enforced by a government
System or rules made by the government

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

cut

US / kʌt /

•

UK / kʌt /

noun
Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
verb
To reduce the size or amount of something
To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

food

US / fu:d /

•

UK / fud /

noun
What people and animals eat to live
Things taken in by plants to maintain life
A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

preparation

US / ˌprepəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌprɛpəˈreʃən /

noun
Cream or substance applied onto the skin
Act of making ready for a purpose or activity

brilliant

US / 'brɪlɪənt /

•

UK / ˈbrɪljənt /

adjecitve
Having a great amount of intelligence or talent
Being very bright, like a diamond; shining

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

planet

US / 'plænɪt /

•

UK / ˈplænɪt /

noun
One of the bodies that orbit the sun

calmly

US / 'kɑ:mlɪ /

•

UK / ˈkɑmlɪ /

adverb
Without getting emotional, e.g. in times of stress

powerful

US / ˈpauəful /

•

UK / ˈpaʊəfəl /

adjecitve
Having control or influence over
Having a lot of physical force, energy, strength

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

online

US / ˌɒnˈlaɪn /

•

UK / ˌɑ:nˈlaɪn /

adjecitve
Connected to the internet

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

adapt

US / ə'dæpt /

•

UK / əˈdæpt /

verb
To change something for a different function
To change something to fit or suit a new purpose

humanity

US / hju:ˈmænəti /

•

UK / hjuˈmænɪti /

noun
Quality of being understanding or sympathetic
Human race as one group of people

sponge

US / spʌndʒ /

•

UK / spʌndʒ /

noun
Soft cleaning material able to absorb water
Sea animal whose bodies are used for bath sponges
verb
To wash the surface of something with a sponge

explainable

US / ɪkˈspleɪnəbl /

•

UK / ɪkˈspleɪnəbl /

adjecitve
Capable of being understood

simulate

US / 'sɪmjʊleɪt /

•

UK / ˈsɪmjəˌlet /

verb
To copy something or look or behave like it

map

US / mæp /

•

UK / mæp /

noun
Diagram showing the geography of an area
verb
To draw a diagram to show the geography of an area
To find points of similarity between things

solution

US / səˈlu:ʃn /

•

UK / səˈluʃən /

noun
Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
Way to solve or deal with a problem

program

US / 'prəʊɡræm /

•

UK / ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm /

noun
Small book of events in a play, concert or movie
A plan or schedule of events
Series of classes at a college or university
A computer application
TV show
verb
To make someone act or think in a certain way
To write computer code for a piece of software

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

fit

US / fɪt /

•

UK / fɪt /

adjecitve
Good looking; physically attractive
Proper or acceptable; morally or socially correct
noun
Sudden loss of body control; attack (of crying)
verb
To install a machine, equipment etc.
To adjust or change to the right size or shape
To be the right size and shape that you want

summer

US / ˈsʌmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmɚ /

noun
Part of the year when the weather is hot
verb
To spend time in a place in the warm months

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

fuse

US / fju:z /

•

UK / fjuz /

noun
Device connected to and making a bomb explode
Electrical safety device
verb
(Metal) to become one through heat contact

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

statistic

US / stəˈtɪstɪk /

•

UK / stəˈtɪstɪk /

noun
Number that represents a piece of information

forward

US / 'fɔ:wəd /

•

UK / ˈfɔrwəd /

adjecitve
Toward what is ahead; in front
Acting in a socially aggressive manner; pushy
adverb
Toward the front in place; in front
Toward a future time; to a more advanced state
verb
To send something to another address or person

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

root

US / ru:t /

•

UK / rut, rʊt /

noun
Emotional connection with a place, history etc.
The origin or starting place of something
A number that is multiplied by itself
Part of plant growing underground, as to get water
Part of tooth, hair etc. from which the rest grows
Base part of a word to which affixes can be added
verb
To cause a plant to develop or grow roots
(Animals) to search for e.g. food in earth
To stop someone moving, as through fear

differently

US / 'dɪfrəntlɪ /

•

UK / ˈdɪfərəntlɪ /

adverb
In another and different manner

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

demand

US / dɪ'mɑ:nd /

•

UK / dɪˈmænd /

noun
Desire customers have to buy product, service
A strong request for someone to do something
verb
To strongly request someone to do something

consist

US / kən'sɪst /

•

UK / kənˈsɪst /

verb
To have as an essential, necessary or main part

refine

US / rɪ'faɪn /

•

UK / rɪˈfaɪn /

verb
To change slightly in order to improve it
To narrow down your search to a smaller number
To make a liquid cleaner by removing something

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

advance

US / əd'vɑ:ns /

•

UK / ædˈvæns /

noun
Forward movement by an army
An attempt to seduce someone
verb
(Of an army) to move forward
To change or improve
To increase in price or value
To move forward in a certain direction
To try to seduce someone

synapse

US / ˈsaɪnæps /

•

UK / ˈsɪnˌæps, sɪˈnæps /

noun
Junction between neurons in the brain

frozen

US / 'frəʊzn /

•

UK / ˈfroʊzn /

adjecitve
Hard, solid because it is below zero degrees
verb
To store an item of food in a cold place
To make someone to not want to communicate
To stop moving and be still; stay the same

aspect

US / 'æspekt /

•

UK / ˈæspɛkt /

noun
Way something looks or seems to be
An element, feature, or quality of something

teach

US / ti:tʃ /

•

UK / titʃ /

verb
To help someone learn or do something

researcher

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈsətʃɚ /

noun
Someone who works to find new facts and ideas

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

flail

US / fleɪl /

•

UK / flel /

noun
Threshing tool with metal parts attached to handle

anticipate

US / æn'tɪsɪpeɪt /

•

UK / ænˈtɪsəˌpet /

verb
To expect or look ahead to something positively
To be aware of something that might happen

settle

US / 'setl /

•

UK / ˈsɛtl /

noun
Type of wooden seat
verb
To make (a child, etc.) feel calm/ready for sleep
To complete or finalize e.g. a contract or debt
To end some troubles by reaching an agreement
To become accustomed to a new environment
(Of liquids) to move to the bottom of a container

image

US / 'ɪmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈɪmɪdʒ /

noun
Picture, sculpture or painting of something
General idea or opinion of something
verb
To obtain pictures by scanning them with a machine

pull

US / pʊl /

•

UK / pʊl /

noun
Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
Force something has that draws other things to it
Using your hands to move something to you
verb
To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
To hold something and move it toward you
To remove something by force

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

birthday

US / ˈbɜ:θdeɪ /

•

UK / ˈbɚθˌde /

noun
Date each year on which you were born

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

ready

US / 'redɪ /

•

UK / ˈrɛdi /

adjecitve
Being likely or about to do something
Being willing to do a task
verb
To prepare something for use or action

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

receive

US / rɪ'si:v /

•

UK / rɪˈsiv /

verb
To get something someone has given or sent to you
To allow someone to become a member (of a club)
To welcome someone as a guest into your home
To respond to (e.g. news) in a particular way

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

material

US / məˈtɪəriəl /

•

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

adjecitve
Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
Belonging to the world of physical things
noun
Cloth; fabric
Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
Substance from which a thing is made of

strength

US / streŋθ /

•

UK / strɛŋkθ, strɛŋθ, strɛnθ /

noun
Condition of being strong

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

technical

US / ˈteknɪkl /

•

UK / ˈtɛknɪkəl /

adjecitve
Complex; difficult to understand
Of practical use of machine/science in industry

software

US / ˈsɒftweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɔ:ftwer /

noun
Computer applications and systems

happy

US / ˈhæpi /

•

UK / ˈhæpi /

adjecitve
Feeling pleasure or joy; glad

vibrant

US / ˈvaɪbrənt /

•

UK / ˈvaɪbrənt /

adjecitve
Having a lot of energy and being very active
Being very colorful or bright
Being very loud

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

motor

US / ˈməʊtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmotɚ /

adjecitve
Concerning cars and vehicles
Concerned with or involving movement of muscles
noun
An engine that drives a car, train etc.
verb
To travel in a car or automobile

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

invent

US / ɪnˈvent /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛnt /

verb
To create something such as a story or excuse
To create something useful for the first time

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

lesson

US / 'lesn /

•

UK / ˈlɛsən /

noun
Something done to learn or teach something; class
Wisdom or knowledge received from an experience

specie

US / 'spi:ʃi: /

•

UK / 'spi:ʃɪ /

noun
Singular of species

erratic

US / ɪˈrætɪk /

•

UK / ɪˈrætɪk /

adjecitve
Not acting in a regular/planned way; unpredictable

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

task

US / tɑ:sk /

•

UK / tæsk /

noun
Big or small piece of work someone has to do
verb
To be given something to do, e.g. wash dishes

reorganize

US / rɪ'ɔ:ɡənaɪz /

•

UK / riˈɔrɡəˌnaɪz /

verb
To arrange or plan something in a different way

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

fly

US / flaɪ /

•

UK / flai /

noun
Common flying insect, sometimes blue in color
Opening with fold of cloth hiding zipper on pants
verb
To move in the wind, e.g. a flag
To move at a high speed
To travel in a plane, helicopter, balloon etc.
To pilot people or items by plane
To travel through the air using wings

essentially

US / ɪˈsenʃəli /

•

UK / ɪˈsenʃəli /

adverb
Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)

instrument

US / 'ɪnstrəmənt /

•

UK / ˈɪnstrəmənt /

noun
Gauge for measuring something, e.g. temperature
Legal document
Device that is used for creating music

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

type

US / taɪp /

•

UK / taɪp /

noun
Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
Group of things or people sharing common features
verb
To identify something belonging to a group
To write by touching keys on a keyboard

offer

US / 'ɒfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

noun
Price you say you are willing to pay for something
Act of making a thing available to be accepted
verb
To suggest a price you are willing to pay
To give the opportunity to accept something
To say you are willing to do something
To give or say something as an act of worship

student

US / ˈstju:dnt /

•

UK / ˈstudnt, ˈstjud- /

noun
Person studying at school

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

present

US / 'preznt /

•

UK / ˈprɛznt /

adjecitve
Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
noun
Gift
Verb tense indicating an action is happening now
Current time; now
verb
To introduce someone to others
To host a program on television or radio
To give a speech or presentation
To show something to someone who will examine it
To appear or happen
To give an award or prize to someone

aware

US / əˈwɛə /

•

UK / əˈwɛr /

adjecitve
Knowing or feeling that something exists

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

inexplicable

US / ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl /

•

UK / ɪnˈɛksplɪkəbəl,ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbəl /

adjecitve
Unable to be explained; strange

language

US / ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ /

noun
Words or signs used to communicate messages

imprecision

US / ˌɪmprɪ'sɪʒn /

•

UK / ˌɪmprɪ'sɪʒn /

noun
Lack of precision, as in written/spoken language

exciting

US / ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ /

•

UK / ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ /

adjecitve
Creating interest, happiness or pleasurable fear
verb
To cause a reaction; make active
To make someone feel happy, interested or eager

lab

US / læb /

•

UK / læb /

noun
Short for 'laboratory'

current

US / 'kʌrənt /

•

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

adjecitve
Happening or being in the present time
noun
Electricity flowing through wires
Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

biologist

US / baɪˈɒlədʒɪst /

•

UK / baɪˈɑːlədʒɪst /

noun
A scientist who studies living things

computational

US / ˌkɒmpjuˈteɪʃənl /

•

UK / ˌkɑ:mpjuˈteɪʃənl /

adjecitve
Involving computation or computers

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

dynamic

US / daɪˈnæmɪk /

•

UK / daiˈnæmik /

adjecitve
Always active or energetic; getting things done

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

square

US / skweə(r) /

•

UK / skwɛr /

adjecitve
Being fair or honest
Multiply a number by itself e.g. 2x2 or 6x6
noun
Shape with 4 equal length sides and 4 equal angles
The result of multiplying Length by the width
Open public area in the middle of the town
verb
To make something balance or be equal
To multiply a number by itself, e.g. 2x2 or 6x8
To straighten the edge to form a four-sided shape

quest

US / kwest /

•

UK / kwɛst /

noun
Long and challenging journey to find something

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

amplify

US / 'æmplɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈæmpləˌfaɪ /

verb
To increase the effect of something
To add more details to a story or something said

light

US / laɪt /

•

UK / laɪt /

adjecitve
Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
Being pale and lacking darkness of color
Not heavy; weighing only a little
adverb
Carrying few bags when traveling
noun
A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
Way in which something or someone is understood
verb
To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
To provide a way to see ahead

math

US / mæθ /

•

UK / mæθ /

noun
Study or science of numbers and shapes

equation

US / ɪˈkweɪʒn /

•

UK / ɪˈkweʒən, -ʃən /

noun
Mathematical statement showing things to be equal
Complex set of different facts, ideas or issues

stream

US / stri:m /

•

UK / strim /

noun
Classes split into ability levels
A small river
verb
To send a constant flow of data over the internet
To split classes or students into ability levels

extend

US / ɪkˈstend /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɛnd /

verb
To offer something (help, friendship) to someone
To reach from one point to another
To straighten or stretch something out, e.g. leg
To make something last longer

personal

US / ˈpɜ:sənl /

•

UK / ˈpɚsənəl /

adjecitve
Done by or to a particular person; individual
Concerning a person's private life or feelings

computer

US / kəmˈpju:tə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpjutɚ /

noun
Machine for storing data, accessing the internet

prowess

US / ˈpraʊəs /

•

UK / ˈpraʊɪs /

noun
Great ability or skill, e.g. in sports

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

cake

US / keɪk /

•

UK / keɪk /

noun
Sweet baked food made from flour, eggs, fat, sugar
verb
To cover with a thing that becomes hard when dried
To become dried into a hardened mass

prompt

US / prɒmpt /

•

UK / prɑmpt /

adjecitve
Fast; in a quick manner; without delay
noun
Message on a computer requiring attention
Encouragement to ask someone else to talk
verb
To display a message to requires a user to act
To say something to encourage someone else to talk
To remind an actor of his or her lines (words)
To cause something to occur; be the cause of

smart

US / smɑ:t /

•

UK / smɑ:rt /

adjecitve
Fashionable; well-dressed; well-groomed
Looking clean, neat and stylish
(Of phones, weapons) with clever features
Associated with rich, popular and stylish people
Clever; with intelligence
adverb
Energetic or quick in motion or movement
In a clever way; with intelligence
noun
Feeling of being hurt and upset
Sharp, burning pain
verb
To feel hurt or upset
To hurt with an unexpected sharp or burning pain

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

grant

US / ɡrɑ:nt /

•

UK / ɡrænt /

noun
Money given for education or research
Person's name
verb
To admit an opinion is true but not fully agreeing
To give or let someone do what they want

simulation

US / ˌsɪmjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɪmjəˈleʃən /

noun
A copying method to study the real world

capable

US / 'keɪpəbl /

•

UK / ˈkepəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able to do something very well; proficient

anyway

US / ˈeniweɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwe /

adverb
A word used to change the topic of a conversation

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

compact

US / 'kɒmpækt /

•

UK / kəmˈpækt /

adjecitve
Packed closely together
noun
Small case with face powder and a mirror
verb
To pack something closely or tightly

technology

US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

•

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

noun
Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

differential

US / ˌdɪfəˈrenʃl /

•

UK / ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃəl /

adjecitve
Different, as in treatment; discriminatory
noun
A gear to let back wheels spin at different speeds

middle

US / 'mɪdl /

•

UK / ˈmidl /

adjecitve
Equal distance from extremes
noun
Place that is halfway between two things

generate

US / ˈdʒenəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌret /

verb
To create or be produced or bring into existence
To create electricity, heat, energy and power

bespoke

US / biˈspəuk /

•

UK / bɪˈspoʊk /

adjecitve
Custom-made

spare

US / speə(r) /

•

UK / spɛr /

adjecitve
Being extra or in reserve
noun
Extra part; something in reserve for replacements
verb
To make (money or time) available for
To save from being hurt or punished
To allow someone not to do something unpleasant

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

capability

US / ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / ˌkeɪpə'bɪləti /

noun
Means, ability, or potential to do something

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

farm

US / fɑ:m /

•

UK / fɑ:rm /

noun
Land used for growing crops or raising animals
verb
To use land for raising plants or animals for food

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

cycle

US / ˈsaɪkl /

•

UK / ˈsaɪkəl /

noun
Series of regular and repeated actions
Bicycle, bike
verb
To go through a series of events repeatedly
To ride on a bicycle

convince

US / kən'vɪns /

•

UK / kənˈvɪns /

verb
To persuade someone, or make them feel sure

field

US / fi:ld /

•

UK / fild /

noun
Area of study, such as physics or biology
Piece of land used to grow crops/raise animals
Open area of land, especially without buildings
Grassed area where you play some sports
verb
To respond to something or answer a question
To catch or stop a ball during a game

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

soon

US / su:n /

•

UK / sun /

adverb
At a time not long from now

text

US / tekst /

•

UK / tɛkst /

noun
Any form in which writing exists
Reading or audio passage, often a story or article
Written part of a book or other work
verb
To send a message by phone or other device

traditional

US / trəˈdɪʃənl /

•

UK / trəˈdɪʃənəl /

adjecitve
Involved in a custom or event common to a people

sharp

US / ʃɑ:p /

•

UK / ʃɑrp /

adjecitve
Being very clear and easy to see
(Of clothes) nicely or stylishly
Being able to think, see, or understand quickly
Having a thin edge or point that is able to cut
Requiring a quick or sudden change in direction
Having a flavor that is very strong and distinct
adverb
At precisely the time given
Suddenly; immediately (of directions)
noun
Person's name
A musical tone

neural

US / ˈnjuərəl /

•

UK / ˈnʊrəl, ˈnjʊr- /

adjecitve
About the nerves or nervous system

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

coordinate

US / kəʊ'ɔ:dɪneɪt /

•

UK / ko'ɔrdəˈnet /

noun
Point on a map defining a location e.g. 135N, 34W
verb
To match styles or colors that go well together
To cause body parts to move smoothly together
To make plans to meet a shared goal
To bring order and organization to something

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

test

US / test /

•

UK / test /

noun
A medical examination
Action to establish the truth or nature of
Examination; questions to measure knowledge
verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

destroy

US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

verb
To damage so badly that something no longer exists
To defeat someone or something easily
To kill a sick or unwanted animal

hour

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

noun
60 minutes
Particular time of the day
Fixed, regularly occurring time

gaze

US / ɡeɪz /

•

UK / ɡez /

noun
Direction you are looking
verb
To look at with fixed eyes

delight

US / dɪ'laɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈlaɪt /

noun
Strong feeling of great pleasure
verb
To give someone pleasure or joy

range

US / reɪndʒ /

•

UK / rendʒ /

noun
Cooking stove with multiple burners
Given distance from a point; how far plane can fly
Large grassy area where cattle wander and feed
Group or chain of mountains
Set of things with something in common
Limits within which something extends or varies
A set of products, e.g. so that people can choose
verb
To cover an area from one point to another
To extend to or vary within given limits
To put things in a row or in line
To wander or explore

blink

US / blɪŋk /

•

UK / blɪŋk /

verb
To close and open one or both of the eyes rapidly

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

responsible

US / rɪ'spɒnsəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈspɑnsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being the cause of something that has occurred
Having the duty of dealing with something
Able to be trusted to do what needs to be done

algorithm

US / 'ælɡərɪðəm /

•

UK / ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm /

noun
A step-by-step problem-solving feature

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

promise

US / 'prɒmɪs /

•

UK / ˈprɑmɪs /

verb
To say you will certainly do something

Subtitles section

When I was a student studying robotics, a group of us decided to make a present for our professor's birthday.

We wanted to program our robot to cut a slice of cake for him.

We pulled an all nighter writing the software.

And the next day, disaster.

We programmed this robot to cut a soft, round sponge cake, but we didn't coordinate well.

And instead, we received a square, hard ice cream cake.

The robot flailed wildly and nearly destroyed the cake.

Our professor was delighted anyway.

He calmly pushed the stop button and declared the erratic behavior of the robot a control singularity, a robotics technical term.

I was disappointed, but I learned a very important lesson.

The physical world, with its physics laws and imprecisions, is a far more demanding space than the digital world.

Today, I lead MIT's Computer Science and AI Lab, the largest research unit at MIT.

This is our building, where I work with brilliant and brave researchers to invent the future of computing and intelligent machines.

Today in computing, artificial intelligence and robotics are largely separate fields.

AI has amazed you with its decision making and learning, but it remains confined inside computers.

Robots have a physical presence and can execute pre programmed tasks, but they're not intelligent.

Well, this separation is starting to change.

AI is about to break free from the two D computer screen interactions and enter a vibrant, physical, three D world.

In my lab, we're fusing the digital intelligence of AI with the mechanical prowess of robots.

Moving AI from the digital world into the physical world is making machines intelligent and leading to the next great breakthrough, what I call physical intelligence.

Physical intelligence is when AI's power to understand text, images, and other online information is used to make real world machines smarter.

This means AI can help pre programmed robots do their tasks better by using knowledge from data.

With physical intelligence, AI doesn't just reside in our computers, but walks, rolls, flies, and interacts with us in surprising ways.

Imagine being surrounded by helpful robots at the supermarket.

The one on the left can help you carry a heavy box.

To make it happen, we need to do a few things.

We need to rethink how machines think,

we need to reorganize how they are designed and how they learn.

So for physical intelligence, AI has to run on computers that fit on the body of the robot.

For example, our soft robot fish.

Today's AI uses server farms that do not fit.

Today's AI also makes mistakes.

This AI system on a robot car does not detect pedestrians.

For physical intelligence, we need small brains that do not make mistakes.

We're tackling these challenges using inspiration from a worm called C. elegans.

In sharp contrast to the billions of neurons in the human brain, C. elegans has a happy life on only three hundred two neurons.

And biologists understand the math of what each of these neurons do.

So here's the idea.

Can we build AI using inspiration from the math of these neurons?

We have developed, together with my collaborators and students, a new approach to AI we call Liquid Networks.

And Liquid Networks results in much more compact and explainable solutions than today's traditional AI solutions.

Let me show you.

This is our self driving car.

It's trained using a traditional AI solution, the kind you find in many applications today.

This is the dashboard of the car.

In the lower right corner, you see the map.

In the upper left corner, the camera input stream.

And the big box in the middle with the blinking lights is the decision making engine.

It consists of tens of thousands of artificial neurons, and it decides how the car should steer.

It is impossible to correlate the activity of these neurons with the behavior of the car.

Moreover, if you look at the lower left side, you see where in the image this decision making engine looks to tell the car what to do.

And you see how noisy it is, and this car drives by looking at the bushes and the trees on the side of the road.

That's not how we drive.

People look at the road.

Now contrast this with our liquid network solution, which consists of only nineteen neurons rather than tens of thousands, and look at its attention map.

It's so clean and focused on the road horizon and the side of the road.

Because these models are so much smaller, we actually understand how they make decisions.

So how did we get this performance?

Well, in a traditional AI system, the computational neuron is the artificial neuron, and the artificial neuron is essentially an on off computational unit.

It takes in some numbers, adds them up, applies some basic math, and passes along the result.

And this is complex because it happens across thousands of computational units.

In liquid networks, we have fewer neurons, but each one does more complex math.

Here's what happens inside our liquid neuron.

We use differential equations to model the neural computation and the artificial synapse.

And these differential equations are what biologists have mapped for the neural structure of the worms.

We also wire the neurons differently to increase the information flow.

Well, these changes yield phenomenal results.

Traditional AI systems are frozen after training.

That means they cannot continue to improve when we deploy them in the physical world, in the wild.

We just wait for the next release.

Because of what's happening inside the liquid neuron, liquid networks continue to adapt after training based on the inputs that they see.

Let me show you.

We train traditional AI and liquid networks using summertime videos like these ones, and the task was to find things in the woods.

All the models learn how to do the task in the summer.

Then we try to use the models on drones in the fall.

The traditional AI solution gets confused by the background.

Look at the attention map.

Cannot do the task.

Liquid networks do not get confused by the background and very successfully execute the task.

So this is it.

This is the step forward.

AI that adapts after training.

Liquid networks are important because they give us a new way of getting machines to think that is rooted into physics models, a new technology for AI.

We can run them on smartphones, on robots, on enterprise computers, and even on new types of machines that we can now begin to imagine and design the second aspect of physical intelligence.

So by now, you've probably generated images using text to image systems.

We can also do text to robot, but not using today's AI solutions because they work on statistics and do not understand physics.

In my lab, we developed an approach that guides the design process by checking and simulating the physical constraints for the machine.

We start with a language prompt, make me a robot that can walk forward, and our system generates the designs, including shape, materials, actuators, sensors, the program to control it, and the fabrication files to make it.

And then the designs get refined in simulation until they meet the specifications.

So in a few hours, we can go from idea to controllable physical machine.

We can also do image to robot.

This photo can be transformed into a cuddly robotic bunny.

To do so, our algorithm computes a three D representation of the photo that gets sliced, unfolded, printed, then we fold the printed layers, we string some motors and sensors, we write some code, and we get the bunny you see in this video.

we can use this approach to make anything, almost, from an image, from a photo.

So the ability to transform text into images and to transform images into robots is important because we are drastically reducing the amount of time and the resources needed to prototype and test new products.

And this is allowing for a much faster innovation cycle.

And now we are ready to even make the leap to get these machines to learn the third aspect of physical intelligence.

These machines can learn from humans how to do tasks.

You can think of it as human to robot.

In my lab, we created a kitchen environment where we instrument people with sensors, and we collect a lot of data about how people do kitchen tasks.

We need physical data because videos do not capture the dynamics of the tasks, so we collect muscle, pose, even gaze information about how people do tasks.

And then we train AI using this data to teach robots how to do the same tasks.

And the end result is machines that move with grace and agility, as well as adapt and learn physical intelligence.

We can use this approach to teach robots how to do a wide range of tasks, food preparation, cleaning, and so much more.

The ability to turn images and text into functional machines, coupled with using liquid networks to create powerful brains for these machines that can learn from humans, is incredibly exciting, because this means we can make almost anything we imagine.

Today's AI has a ceiling.

It requires server farms.

It's not sustainable.

It makes inexplicable mistakes.

Let's not settle for the current offering.

When AI moves into the physical world, the opportunities for benefits and for breakthroughs is extraordinary.

You can get personal assistants that optimize your routines and anticipate your needs, bespoke machines that help you at work, and robots that delight you in your spare time.

The promise of physical intelligence is to transcend our human limitations with capabilities that extend our reach, amplify our strength, and refine our precision, and grant us ways to interact with a world we've only dreamed of.

We are the only species so advanced, so aware, so capable of building these extraordinary tools.

Yet, developing physical intelligence is teaching us that we have so much more to learn about technology and about ourselves.

We need human guiding hands over AI sooner rather than later.

After all, we remain responsible for this planet and everything living on it.

I remain convinced that we have the power to use physical intelligence to ensure a better future for humanity and for the planet.

And I'd like to invite you to help us in this quest.

Some of you will help develop physical intelligence.

Some of you will use it.

And some of you will invent the future.

Thank you.