	Shortcuts	Functions
1	Space	Pause/Play video
2	Right arrow	Next subtitle
3	Left arrow	Previous subtitle
4	r	Repeat sentence

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

A1

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

survive

US / sə'vaɪv /

•

UK / sɚˈvaɪv /

A2

verb
To continue to live despite illness or trouble

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

A1

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

A1

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

river

US / ˈrɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɪvɚ /

A1

noun
Flowing water that runs from mountains to the sea

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

A1

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

tiny

US / 'taɪnɪ /

•

UK / ˈtaɪni /

A2

adjecitve
Very, very small

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

tadpole

US / 'tædpəʊl /

•

UK / ˈtædˌpol /

B2

noun
Young form of a frog or toad living underwater

testing

US / ˈtestɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈtestɪŋ /

A1

verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

A1

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

A1

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

chytrid

US / ˈkaɪtrɪd /

•

UK / ˈkaɪtrɪd /

A1

guy

US / ɡaɪ /

•

UK / ɡaɪ /

A1

noun
Man; boy; any person

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

A1

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

A1

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

A1

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

college

US / 'kɒlɪdʒ /

•

UK / 'kɑːlɪdʒ /

A2

noun
School or educational institution for adults

zone

US / zəʊn /

•

UK / zoʊn /

B1

noun
Area of space designated for a particular use
verb
To divide an area for a particular reason

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

A1

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

release

US / rɪ'li:s /

•

UK / rɪ'li:s /

A2

noun
Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
Relief from sadness, suffering or trouble
Act of freeing from a jail, cage, prison, etc.
verb
To free someone from a responsibility or burden
To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
To allow to leave a jail, cage, etc.; let out
To let go of something you are holding

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

extinct

US / ɪkˈstɪŋkt /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɪŋkt /

B1

adjecitve
(Of animal, etc.) having died out; with none left
(E.g. of volcano) not active

environmental

US / ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl /

•

UK / ɛnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntl:, -ˌvaɪən /

A2

adjecitve
Of the natural world of plants and animals

native

US / ˈneɪtɪv /

•

UK / ˈnetɪv /

A2

adjecitve
Caused by natural ability; innate
noun
Someone from or born in a specific country
Original inhabitant, e.g. before others
Person speaking a language from birth

reduce

US / rɪ'dju:s /

•

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

A2

verb
To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
To make something smaller in size, amount, level

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

pesticide

US / ˈpestɪsaɪd /

•

UK / ˈpɛstɪˌsaɪd /

B2

noun
A chemical substance used to kill pests

soon

US / su:n /

•

UK / sun /

A1

adverb
At a time not long from now

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

A1

pronoun
Not many, a small number

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

A1

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

inch

US / ɪntʃ /

•

UK / ɪntʃ /

A1

noun
1/12th of a foot (2.54 centimeters)
Very small distance
verb
To move or cause to move a small bit at a time

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

A1

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

dam

US / dæm /

•

UK / dæm /

B1

noun
Wall built to stop the flow of water
verb
To build a wall to prevent a river from flowing

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

A1

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

unique

US / jʊ'ni:k /

•

UK / juˈnik /

A2

adjecitve
Unlike other things; being the only one like it

hour

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

A1

noun
60 minutes
Particular time of the day
Fixed, regularly occurring time

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

A1

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

A1

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

range

US / reɪndʒ /

•

UK / rendʒ /

A2

noun
Cooking stove with multiple burners
Given distance from a point; how far plane can fly
Large grassy area where cattle wander and feed
Group or chain of mountains
Set of things with something in common
Limits within which something extends or varies
A set of products, e.g. so that people can choose
verb
To cover an area from one point to another
To extend to or vary within given limits
To put things in a row or in line
To wander or explore

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

southeastern

US / saʊθ'i:stən /

•

UK / ˌsaʊθ'i:stən /

B2

adjecitve
Area in the south and east

wetland

US / ˈwetlənd /

•

UK / ˈwɛtˌlænd /

B2

noun
Low area where the land is saturated with water

kanzi

US / /

•

UK / /

A1

breeder

US / ˈbri:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈbridɚ /

A2

noun
Person who breeds animals

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

construction

US / kən'strʌkʃn /

•

UK / kənˈstrʌkʃən /

A2

noun
Act of building something; thing that is built
Something that is made using different parts
The way words are organized in a sentence
The way something is made or structured

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

A1

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

A1

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

hopeful

US / 'həʊpfl /

•

UK / 'hoʊpfl /

A2

adjecitve
Having or showing hope

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

A1

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

A1

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

rely

US / rɪ'laɪ /

•

UK / rɪˈlaɪ /

B2

verb
Depend on with full trust or confidence

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

A1

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

lived

US / 'lɪvd /

•

UK / 'lɪvd /

A1

verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

A1

determiner
Belonging to them

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

A1

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

A1

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

discover

US / dɪˈskʌvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌvɚ /

A2

verb
To find something new that was not known before

project

US / prəˈdʒekt /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

A1

noun
A planned piece of work for specific purpose
Group of homes built by government for poor people
verb
To predict what will happen in the future
To show something on a screen using light
To stick out past the edge of something

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

A2

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

toad

US / təʊd /

•

UK / tod /

B2

noun
Small amphibian animal very similar to a frog
A person you don't like or have respect for

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

A1

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

A1

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

gorge

US / gɔ:dʒ /

•

UK / gɔ:rdʒ /

B2

verb

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

A1

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

length

US / leŋθ /

•

UK / leŋθ /

A2

noun
Distance from one end of a pool to the other
Measurement of distance or of time

vertebrate

US / ˈvɜ:təbrɪt, -ˌbreɪt /

•

UK / ˈvə:təbrɪt, -ˌbret /

C1

adjecitve
Having a backbone
noun
Animal with a backbone

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

A1

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

natural

US / ˈnætʃərəl /

•

UK / ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl /

A1

adjecitve
Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
Not made by humans; without human intervention

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

A1

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

researcher

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈsətʃɚ /

A2

noun
Someone who works to find new facts and ideas

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

A1

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

A1

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

sediment

US / ˈsedɪmənt /

•

UK / ˈsɛdəmənt /

B2

noun
Material that settles to the bottom of a liquid

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

A1

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

amphibian

US / æmˈfɪbiən /

•

UK / æmˈfɪbiən /

B2

noun
Cold-blooded animal that lives on land or in water

university

US / ˌju:nɪ'vɜ:sətɪ /

•

UK / ˌjunɪˈvɜrsəti /

A1

noun
High-level educational institution; college

waterfall

US / 'wɔ:təfɔ:l /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚˌfɔl,ˈwɑtə- /

C2

noun
Steep descent of the water of a river

fungus

US / ˈfʌŋgəs /

•

UK / ˈfʌŋɡəs /

B2

other
Plant, e.g. mushroom/mold, growing in damp places

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

A1

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

A1

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

prolific

US / prəˈlɪfɪk /

•

UK / prəˈlɪfɪk /

B2

adjecitve
Producing something in large quantities

mist

US / mɪst /

•

UK / mɪst /

B1

noun
Light water droplets in air, so you can't see well
A fine spray of water, perfume etc.
verb
To cover something with small drops of water
To spray very fine droplets of water, perfume etc.

biologist

US / baɪˈɒlədʒɪst /

•

UK / baɪˈɑːlədʒɪst /

A2

noun
A scientist who studies living things

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

A1

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

contaminate

US / kənˈtæmɪneɪt /

•

UK / kənˈtæməˌnet /

B2

verb
To make impure by adding a harmful element

birth

US / bɜ:θ /

•

UK / bɜ:rθ /

A2

noun
Time when a baby or young animal is born
Beginning of something
Social position based on the family you come from

relocate

US / ˌri:ləʊ'keɪt /

•

UK / riˈloket /

B2

verb
To move to a new or different place

tanzania

US / ˌtænzəˈni:ə /

•

UK / ˌtænzəˈniə /

A1

other
A republic in eastern Africa

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1

adverb
One more time, once more

impact

US / 'ɪmpækt /

•

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

A2

noun
A striking effect or result to hit with force
Very strong influence
Act or force of one thing hitting something else
verb
To hit or strike someone or something with force

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

thrive

US / θraɪv /

•

UK / θraɪv /

B2

verb
To be or become healthy or successful

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

A1

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

lab

US / læb /

•

UK / læb /

B1

noun
Short for 'laboratory'

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

A2

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

suddenly

US / ˈsʌdənli /

•

UK / ˈsʌdn:lɪ /

A1

adverb
In an unexpected or very quick manner

bunch

US / bʌntʃ /

•

UK / bʌntʃ /

B1

noun
A group of things of the same kind
verb
To group people or things closely together
(Cloth) to gather/be gathered together in folds

specie

US / 'spi:ʃi: /

•

UK / 'spi:ʃɪ /

B1

noun
Singular of species

york

US / jɔ:k /

•

UK / jɔrk /

A1

proper noun
A city in northern England, on the Ouse River; population 136,900 (est. 2009).
A commercial and industrial city in southeastern Pennsylvania; population 40,097 (est. 2008).
The southwestern tip of Hayes Peninsula, on Baffin Bay in Greenland. It served as a base for US expl

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

A1

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

A1

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

A1

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

heavily

US / ˈhevɪli /

•

UK / hɛvəli /

A2

adverb
In a slow, loud manner
A lot or to a great degree
With great effort or force

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

A1

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

A1

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

A1

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

A1

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

A1

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

habitat

US / 'hæbɪtæt /

•

UK / ˈhæbɪˌtæt /

B1

noun
Natural place where a plant or animal lives

syracuse

US / 'sɪrəkju:s /

•

UK / 'sɪrəkju:s /

A1

other
The Athenian siege of Syracuse (- BC) was eventually won by Syracuse
The Roman siege of Syracuse (- BC) was eventually won by the Romans who sacked the city

flow

US / fləʊ /

•

UK / flo /

A2

noun
Amount of something that moves through an area
verb
To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

population

US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

A2

noun
Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

science

US / 'saɪəns /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

A2

noun
Study of the physical world, based on facts

frog

US / frɒg /

•

UK / frɔ:g /

B1

noun
Small hopping amphibian

forestry

US / ˈfɒrɪstri /

•

UK / ˈfɔrɪstri /

A2

noun
Science of caring for and managing forests

wild

US / waɪld /

•

UK / waɪld /

A2

adjecitve
Living in nature; not tame
(Of land) not developed by people
adverb
In a manner which lacks control
noun
A natural environment e.g. jungle, forest

survivor

US / səˈvaɪvə(r) /

•

UK / sərˈvaɪvə(r) /

A2

noun
Person, thing that continues to live or exist