Subtitles section
Repeat sentence
Subtitles mode
Full screen
Previous
Next
x 1.0
Playback speed
More

Crystallization - Chem Definition

Video vocabulary

dissolve

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪˈzɒlv /

UK / dɪˈzɑ:lv /

B2
  • verb
  • To cause something to end
  • To dismiss, e.g. a law-making body
  • To melt into and become part of a liquid
  • To end a legal relationship or organization

crystallize

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkrɪstəlaɪz /

UK / ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪz /

C2
  • verb
  • To make a substance form into crystals
  • To make something clear or easy to understand

chemistry

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kemɪstrɪ /

UK / ˈkɛmɪstri /

B1
  • noun
  • The study of the structure of substances

something

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

along

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈlɒŋ /

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • As a companion; taken with someone
  • preposition
  • At a point on a line

from

Copy vocabulary

US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

hot

Copy vocabulary

US / hɒt /

UK / hɑ:t /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Angry or excited
  • Being very good at something
  • Having a high temperature
  • Popular and causing a great deal of excitement
  • Attractive in a sexually exciting way
  • (Of food) very spicy
  • Stolen; dangerous to buy or trade in

out

Copy vocabulary

US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

form

Copy vocabulary

US / fɔ:m /

UK / fɔrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Sports team or person's current winning record
  • Document you complete when making an application
  • Visible shape or style; type; kind
  • verb
  • To organize something such as a club or group
  • To develop; to come into a shape or substance
  • To make something into a particular shape

help

Copy vocabulary

US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

sometimes

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

A1
  • adverb
  • Only at certain times; occasionally

and

Copy vocabulary

US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

fragment

Copy vocabulary

US / 'fræɡmənt /

UK / ˈfræɡmənt /

B1
  • noun
  • Part that is broken off of something
  • verb
  • To be broken into pieces
  • (Of computer file) to be broken into pieces

lot

Copy vocabulary

US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

acetate

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈæsɪteɪt /

UK / ˈæsɪˌtet /

A1
  • noun
  • Compound derived from acetic acid

crystal

Copy vocabulary

US / 'krɪstl /

UK / ˈkrɪstəl /

B1
  • noun
  • A solid formed by the solidification of a chemical
  • Rock with regularly repeating internal structure
  • Person's name

perhaps

Copy vocabulary

US / pəˈhæps /

UK / pɚˈhæps /

A1
  • adverb
  • Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

put

Copy vocabulary

US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

call

Copy vocabulary

US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

leave

Copy vocabulary

US / li:v /

UK / liv /

A1
  • noun
  • Permission to do something
  • Vacation time; time off work
  • verb
  • To go away from; depart
  • To gift property to someone after you die
  • To allow something to continue happening
  • To let something remain unused or available
  • To let something or someone remain somewhere

nucleus

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈnju:kliəs /

UK / ˈnu:kliəs /

B2
  • noun
  • Center of an atom
  • Control center of a cell
  • Most important part of something larger

where

Copy vocabulary

US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

most

Copy vocabulary

US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

rod

Copy vocabulary

US / rɒd /

UK / rɑ:d /

B1
  • noun
  • Straight, thin stick or bar
  • Pole with a line and hook to catch fish with

away

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'weɪ /

UK / əˈwe /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not present
  • adverb
  • Disappear completely
  • Doing something with a lot of energy
  • Not here; far from here; in a different direction
  • To a different area, location

concentrate

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kɒnsntreɪt /

UK / ˈkɑnsənˌtret /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause to be present in large amount or number
  • To pay great attention to a task; focus
  • To remove water from a thing to make it more pure

float

Copy vocabulary

US / fləʊt /

UK / floʊt /

B1
  • noun
  • Object designed to stay on the surface of water
  • Decorated truck used in a festival
  • verb
  • To sell the shares of a company publicly
  • To move slowly and easily through air
  • To rest on the surface of water without sinking

properly

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈprɔpəlɪ /

UK / ˈprɑːpərli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In an appropriate or correct manner

hand

Copy vocabulary

US / hænd /

UK / hænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Cards given to a player in a card game
  • Piece of a clock that points to the time
  • Someone who performs physical tasks or work
  • Body part at the end of a person's arm
  • Help for someone performing a particular action
  • Condition of having power or influence
  • Member of the crew of a ship
  • verb
  • To give something to someone personally

problem

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈprɒbləm /

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Causing trouble
  • noun
  • Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
  • Question to show understanding of a math concept

pure

Copy vocabulary

US / pjʊə(r) /

UK / pjʊr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not mixed with anything else
  • Being morally good

before

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

almost

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

A1
  • adverb
  • Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

construction

Copy vocabulary

US / kən'strʌkʃn /

UK / kənˈstrʌkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of building something; thing that is built
  • Something that is made using different parts
  • The way words are organized in a sentence
  • The way something is made or structured

have

Copy vocabulary

US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

his

Copy vocabulary

US / hɪz /

UK / hɪz /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Something belonging to a male person

with

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

fall

Copy vocabulary

US / fɔ:l /

UK / fɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
  • A drop in amount; decrease
  • Dropping from a standing position to the ground
  • verb
  • To drop in amount; to decrease
  • To come down from a higher position suddenly
  • To go from standing to the ground, by accident

flex

Copy vocabulary

US / fleks /

UK / flɛks /

B2
  • verb
  • To move a part of the body to stretch muscles

scratch

Copy vocabulary

US / skrætʃ /

UK / skrætʃ /

B1
  • noun
  • Action of rubbing your skin when itchy
  • A small cut or mark on a surface
  • verb
  • To rub your skin with your nails to stop an itch
  • To make a small cut or mark on a surface

see

Copy vocabulary

US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

precise

Copy vocabulary

US / prɪ'saɪs /

UK / prɪˈsaɪs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of language details etc.) Very accurate and exact
  • (Of a time, place, quality) exact
  • Being very careful about how you do things

use

Copy vocabulary

US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

although

Copy vocabulary

US / ɔ:lˈðəu /

UK / ɔlˈðo /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Despite the fact that; however

solution

Copy vocabulary

US / səˈlu:ʃn /

UK / səˈluʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
  • Way to solve or deal with a problem

drawer

Copy vocabulary

US / drɔ:(r) /

UK / ˈdrɔɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Sliding box of a desk, closet used to store things

concentrated

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkɒnsntreɪtɪd /

UK / ˈkɑ:nsntreɪtɪd /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause to be present in large amount or number
  • To pay great attention to a task; focus
  • To remove water from a thing to make it more pure

fit

Copy vocabulary

US / fɪt /

UK / fɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Good looking; physically attractive
  • Proper or acceptable; morally or socially correct
  • noun
  • Sudden loss of body control; attack (of crying)
  • verb
  • To install a machine, equipment etc.
  • To adjust or change to the right size or shape
  • To be the right size and shape that you want

let

Copy vocabulary

US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

perkin

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈpɜrkɪn /

UK / /

A1

the

Copy vocabulary

US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

wall

Copy vocabulary

US / wɔ:l /

UK / wɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • High, flat side of a room or building

filter

Copy vocabulary

US / 'fɪltə(r) /

UK / ˈfɪltɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Device to remove certain types of light, sound
  • Device to remove unwanted things from liquid, gas
  • verb
  • To remove certain types of light, sound
  • To remove unwanted substances from a liquid or gas

may

Copy vocabulary

US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

this

Copy vocabulary

US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

Copy vocabulary

US / wɜ:d /

UK / wɚd /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of language that has a meaning
  • Promise
  • Short remark or piece of information
  • verb
  • To express something by choosing particular words

also

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

chemist

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkemɪst /

UK / ˈkɛmɪst /

B1
  • noun
  • Person who sells medicines; drug store
  • Person who studies or does research in chemistry

year

Copy vocabulary

US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

you

Copy vocabulary

US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

impurity

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪmˈpjʊərəti /

UK / ɪmˈpjʊrɪti /

B1
  • noun
  • Something unwanted in a substance

make

Copy vocabulary

US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

chemical

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkemɪkl /

UK / ˈkɛmɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Made of various elements
  • noun
  • Basic substance produced by mixing elements

instruction

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪn'strʌkʃn /

UK / ɪnˈstrʌkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • A command for someone formally to do something
  • Act of teaching or explaining to others
  • Information about how to do or use something

famous

Copy vocabulary

US / 'feɪməs /

UK / ˈfeməs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Excellent
  • Widely known; recognized by many people

into

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

invent

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪnˈvent /

UK / ɪnˈvɛnt /

A2
  • verb
  • To create something such as a story or excuse
  • To create something useful for the first time

other

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

one

Copy vocabulary

US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

than

Copy vocabulary

US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

disk

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪsk /

UK / dɪsk /

B1
  • noun
  • Thin or flat, round object, e.g. for storing data

enough

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪˈnʌf /

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sufficient to answer the need
  • adverb
  • To a satisfactory degree
  • pronoun
  • Equal to what is needed; as much as required
  • Adequate number or amount

find

Copy vocabulary

US / faɪnd /

UK / faɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Object discovered by chance
  • Things that have been discovered from searching
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
  • To discover something by looking for it

lab

Copy vocabulary

US / læb /

UK / læb /

B1
  • noun
  • Short for 'laboratory'

different

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

even

Copy vocabulary

US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

like

Copy vocabulary

US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

Copy vocabulary

US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

what

Copy vocabulary

US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

that

Copy vocabulary

US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

sit

Copy vocabulary

US / sɪt /

UK / sɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To take an exam
  • To be in a resting position on a chair
  • To provide seating for people
  • To remain in a still position while being painted

get

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

first

Copy vocabulary

US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

arrangement

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈreɪndʒmənt /

UK / əˈrendʒmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Particular design of a device
  • Piece of music written for a particular instrument
  • Group of things organized in a particular way
  • Organized plan, event for a time and place
  • Action done in order for something to happen

down

Copy vocabulary

US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

glass

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡlɑ:s /

UK / ɡlæs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being made of glass
  • noun
  • Clear hard container used for drinking
  • A lens for eyewear
  • Hard see-through material used for making windows

purify

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ /

UK / ˈpjʊrɪfaɪ /

B2
  • verb
  • To make pure by removing unwanted substances
  • To make someone feel pure by removing guilt

student

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈstju:dnt /

UK / ˈstudnt, ˈstjud- /

A1
  • noun
  • Person studying at school

then

Copy vocabulary

US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

slowly

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsləʊli /

UK / ˈsloʊli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In an unhurried or not speedy manner

boil

Copy vocabulary

US / bɔɪl /

UK / bɔɪl /

A2
  • verb
  • To become extremely angry or excited
  • To cook in very hot water
  • To make liquids hot so they turn to gas

each

Copy vocabulary

US / i:tʃ /

UK / itʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Every one of two or more things
  • pronoun
  • Per one person or thing

example

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing, person which represents a category

happen

Copy vocabulary

US / 'hæpən /

UK / ˈhæpən /

A1
  • verb
  • To take place or occur

unlucky

Copy vocabulary

US / ʌn'lʌkɪ /

UK / ʌnˈlʌki /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Unfortunate; having bad things happen by chance

yeah

Copy vocabulary

US / jeə /

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

A1
  • exclamation
  • Another way of saying 'yes'

nothing

Copy vocabulary

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Item of little or no value, importance, interest
  • Number or value of zero
  • pronoun
  • Not anything, not a single thing

organic

Copy vocabulary

US / ɔ:ˈgænɪk /

UK / ɔrˈɡænɪk /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Developing naturally and without a set structure
  • Concerning food made with few or no chemicals
  • Concerning living things

compound

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kɒmpaʊnd /

UK / kɑmˈpaUnd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of a term) created by combining two or more words
  • noun
  • Series of buildings that are walled or fenced off
  • Chemical made up of several others
  • Closed walled area, as in a prison
  • Something formed by combining elements/parts
  • Term created by using two or more words together
  • verb
  • To pay interest on a loan including the interest
  • To make something from various parts or components
  • To make a mistake or problem worse

for

Copy vocabulary

US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

time

Copy vocabulary

US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

Copy vocabulary

US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

solid

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sɒlɪd /

UK / ˈsɑlɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being able to be trusted; reliable
  • Substance that is hard or of fixed shape
  • Being well made and expected to last long
  • Having no space or emptiness inside
  • Being made entirely of one material or substance
  • noun
  • Something firm or hard; not gas or liquid

cool

Copy vocabulary

US / ku:l /

UK / kul /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Steady and calm when facing difficulties
  • Almost cold; not warm or hot
  • Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
  • Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
  • verb
  • To make something decrease in temperature
  • (Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

jones

Copy vocabulary

US / dʒəunz /

UK / dʒonz /

A1
  • intransitive verb
  • Have a fixation on; be addicted to.
  • noun
  • A fixation on or compulsive desire for someone or something, typically a drug; an addiction.

rich

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪtʃ /

UK / rɪtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a lot of money or valuable possessions
  • Containing a lot of exciting events or experiences and therefore very interesting
  • (of a color, sound, smell, etc.) Pleasantly deep or strong
  • If food is rich, it contains a large amount of oil, butter, eggs, or cream.

warm

Copy vocabulary

US / wɔ:m /

UK / wɔrm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Friendly, sincere and kind to others
  • Being friendly or sincere
  • Slightly hot; not very hot
  • verb
  • To become more friendly or to like something
  • To make something hotter

water

Copy vocabulary

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
  • Large area such as an ocean or sea
  • verb
  • (Of the eyes) to produce tears
  • (Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
  • To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

ask

Copy vocabulary

US / ɑ:sk /

UK / æsk /

A1
  • verb
  • To say to someone that you want something

grow

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡrəʊ /

UK / ɡro /

A1
  • verb
  • To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
  • To improve; to develop better skills over time
  • To develop and become bigger or taller over time

piece

Copy vocabulary

US / pi:s /

UK / pis /

A1
  • noun
  • A counter in a board game
  • Small part of something larger
  • verb
  • To put items together to assemble something

start

Copy vocabulary

US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

cold

Copy vocabulary

US / kəʊld /

UK / kold /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a very low temperature
  • Being unfriendly or lacking emotion
  • noun
  • Illness of sneezing, coughing, and a sore throat

much

Copy vocabulary

US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

standard

Copy vocabulary

US / 'stændəd /

UK / ˈstændəd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being the accepted normal level of quality
  • (Of a language) being the most accepted in a place
  • noun
  • Official unit of measuring something
  • Principle of behaving in a moral way

hour

Copy vocabulary

US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • noun
  • 60 minutes
  • Particular time of the day
  • Fixed, regularly occurring time

molecule

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmɒlɪkju:l /

UK / ˈmɑlɪˌkjul /

B2
  • noun
  • Two or more atoms chemically combined

mauve

Copy vocabulary

US / məʊv /

UK / moʊv /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Pale bluish purple in color

generate

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdʒenəreɪt /

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌret /

A2
  • verb
  • To create or be produced or bring into existence
  • To create electricity, heat, energy and power

just

Copy vocabulary

US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

line

Copy vocabulary

US / laɪn /

UK / laɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • Border that divides two places or regions
  • Long crease in the skin, often from age
  • Mark that is long, straight and very thin
  • Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
  • Telephone connection
  • People waiting one behind the other; queue
  • Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
  • verb
  • To put material along the inside of something

occasionally

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈkeɪʒnəli /

UK / əˈkeɪʒən(ə)li /

A2
  • adverb
  • Not very often; sometimes; seldom

act

Copy vocabulary

US / ækt /

UK / ækt /

A1
  • noun
  • What someone did; action; behavior
  • A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
  • One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
  • verb
  • To behave in a certain way
  • To perform on a stage or in a movie

believe

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪ'li:v /

UK / bɪˈliv /

A1
  • verb
  • To think or accept that something is true
  • To have a particular opinion about something

bit

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪt /

UK / bɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • Small piece of something
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

beaker

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈbi:kə(r) /

UK / ˈbikɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Flat-bottomed jar made of glass or plastic

bright

Copy vocabulary

US / braɪt /

UK / braɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Cheerful and happy (manner)
  • (Of color) light and easy to see; vivid
  • Producing a lot of light
  • Smart; intelligent; clever

dye

Copy vocabulary

US / daɪ /

UK / daɪ /

B1
  • noun
  • A liquid that colors hair, cloth etc.
  • verb
  • To make (hair, leather) colored by using chemicals

nice

Copy vocabulary

US / naɪs /

UK / naɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being attractive or of high quality or value
  • Good or enjoyable
  • Being kind or friendly

everything

Copy vocabulary

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • All of the things mentioned

they

Copy vocabulary

US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

very

Copy vocabulary

US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

all

Copy vocabulary

US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

who

Copy vocabulary

US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

old

Copy vocabulary

US / əʊld /

UK / old /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having existed for a long time, not young or new
  • Age of a person since birth

throw

Copy vocabulary

US / θrəʊ /

UK / θroʊ /

A1
  • noun
  • Arm movement to make a thing fly through the air
  • Loose cloth or blanket (usually over a chair)
  • Forcibly putting someone on the ground
  • verb
  • To use your arm to make something fly in the air
  • To move part of your body suddenly and forcefully
  • To confuse or upset someone
  • (E.g. judo) to forcibly put someone on the ground
  • To put something somewhere suddenly and roughly

work

Copy vocabulary

US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

desk

Copy vocabulary

US / desk /

UK / dɛsk /

A1
  • noun
  • Piece of furniture like a table often with drawers

dirt

Copy vocabulary

US / dɜ:t /

UK / dɚt /

A2
  • noun
  • Loose earth or soil

huge

Copy vocabulary

US / hju:dʒ /

UK / hjudʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very very large

their

Copy vocabulary

US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

way

Copy vocabulary

US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

bring

Copy vocabulary

US / brɪŋ /

UK / brɪŋ /

A1
  • verb
  • To take or go with someone to a place

possible

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
  • Having a chance of happening, or being true

several

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsevrəl /

UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Many of
  • pronoun
  • More than two but not a large amount

sodium

Copy vocabulary

US / 'səʊdɪəm /

UK / ˈsodiəm /

B2
  • noun
  • A soft, white chemical element

sort

Copy vocabulary

US / sɔ:t /

UK / sɔrt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group or class of similar things or people
  • verb
  • To organize things by putting them into groups
  • To deal with things in an organized way

unless

Copy vocabulary

US / ənˈles /

UK / ʌnˈlɛs /

A2
  • conjunction
  • Negative of 'if'

feel

Copy vocabulary

US / fi:l /

UK / fil /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

crystallization

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌkrɪstəlaɪ'zeɪʃn /

UK / ˌkrɪstəlaɪ'zeɪʃn /

C2
  • noun
  • Process of making a substance form into crystals

rid

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪd /

UK / rɪd /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause to no longer have (pest, problem)

side

Copy vocabulary

US / saɪd /

UK / saɪd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In addition to the central or most important thing
  • Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
  • noun
  • Position or opinion that is opposite to another
  • Right or left part of a person's body
  • Feature of someone's personality
  • Straight edge of an object
  • One of two or more groups fighting each other
  • verb
  • To decide to agree with one point, not the other

here

Copy vocabulary

US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

small

Copy vocabulary

US / smɔ:l /

UK / smɔl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Little in size; not big
  • (Of letters) not written in capital letters
  • Being insignificant or minor
  • (Of a business) with few people or things; local
  • (Of voice) being soft and quiet
  • (Of a child) being young

day

Copy vocabulary

US / deɪ /

UK / de /

A1
  • noun
  • A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
  • The period of time when it is light outside
  • Person's name

beard

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪəd /

UK / bɪrd /

A2
  • noun
  • Hair that grows on a man's face

contain

Copy vocabulary

US / kənˈteɪn /

UK / kənˈten /

A2
  • verb
  • To keep something from spreading
  • To hold something inside something else

heat

Copy vocabulary

US / hi:t /

UK / hit /

A2
  • noun
  • State of anger, excitement, or arguing
  • Particular temperature at which to cook something
  • High temperature
  • One of series of races to find the finalists
  • Hot temperature, conditions, or weather
  • verb
  • To make hot or hotter

inside

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being in something
  • Being in a building
  • adverb
  • Into a house; indoors
  • noun
  • Inner part or surface of something

once

Copy vocabulary

US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

always

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

A1
  • adverb
  • For a very long time
  • At all times; in every situation
  • For ever

thousand

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈθaʊznd /

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1,000

will

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

really

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

same

Copy vocabulary

US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

tiny

Copy vocabulary

US / 'taɪnɪ /

UK / ˈtaɪni /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very, very small

toy

Copy vocabulary

US / tɔɪ /

UK / tɔɪ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Something small in size compared to an original
  • noun
  • Things children play with, as dolls or small cars
  • verb
  • To play with (your food, someone's feelings)

not

Copy vocabulary

US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

whole

Copy vocabulary

US / həul /

UK / hol /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; all of
  • Being in a good condition
  • noun
  • Complete amount or sum; total

friend

Copy vocabulary

US / frend /

UK / frɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who you like and enjoy being with

ion

Copy vocabulary

US / 'aɪən /

UK / ˈaɪən /

B2
  • noun
  • Atoms with either a positive or negative charge

now

Copy vocabulary

US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

but

Copy vocabulary

US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

give

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

generally

Copy vocabulary

US / /

UK / /

A2
  • adverb
  • Usually; as a rule; by, to or for most people

good

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

want

Copy vocabulary

US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

can

Copy vocabulary

US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container
  • Subtitles section
  • This word is crystallization, or perhaps also re-crystallization, because chemists always want to get the chemicals they make as pure as possible, and a good way of purifying chemicals is to make crystals of them.
  • When they're in solution, you can have all sorts of impurities, but when they form crystals, the crystals contain a much purer compound than in the solution, and the impurities are left in the solution.
  • Generally, the crystal is a very precise arrangement of molecules, all the same, fitting together like pieces in some sort of construction toy.
  • The impurity has a different shape, so it doesn't fit in properly.
  • Occasionally, you're unlucky and you get an impurity that's the wrong shape, and then you can't get rid of it.
  • And each time you re-crystallize the thing, so you make some solution, form some crystals, filter them out, re-dissolve them, form more crystals, and so on, and each time you crystallize it, you get a purer and purer compound.
  • Sometimes, in the old days, people crystallized thousands of times to get something really pure.
  • Now, the problem is that when you have a solution, even if you want to cool it down, which is the standard way of getting crystals to form, the crystals cannot form unless you give something small, some tiny bit for them to,
  • First crystal to form around, and once the first one goes, the whole lot goes.
  • Sometimes, it can just be dirt.
  • There is a famous organic chemist here called Perkin, who invented the dye called mauve, but he was famous because he had this huge beard, and it was said he was really successful as a chemist because all sorts of bits fell from his beard into the solution and helped the crystals grow in the solution.
  • There are other examples where people sometimes scratch the side of their beaker.
  • This forms tiny fragments of glass so that they also can act as a nucleus for the crystals to form around.
  • One of my friends, David Jones, found a student scratching the wall of the lab with a glass rod, and when he was asked why, he said, because in the instructions it says, scratch the wall with a glass rod to get crystallisation.
  • But most chemistry students are much brighter than that.
  • So, this is a crystallisation of a really concentrated solution, which is used for warming your hands on cold days.
  • So, in here, we have a solution, I believe, of sodium acetate, and it's been sitting in my desk drawer for years, because, although it's a very concentrated solution, there's nothing to start it crystallising.
  • And inside here, there is a small metal disk, you can see, floating around.
  • And I believe, it may not work, that if we flex this disk, it will be enough to start the thing crystallising.
  • So, let's see what happens.
  • We flex the disk.
  • There, it's going.
  • Can you see the crystals spreading out?
  • And it's getting very warm.
  • Why is it getting warm?
  • It's getting warm because when crystals form, when you bring the ions together, they generate heat.
  • So, if you feel it, put your hand down here, it's nice and warm.
  • Oh, yeah.
  • So, it's gone almost solid, and you can see lines of crystals that have grown along here.
  • It's now crystallised.
  • So, what do you do?
  • If you're rich, you just throw it away.
  • If not, you boil it for some hours in water, the solution gets very hot, and everything re-dissolves, and then if you allow it to cool slowly, and you've dissolved up all the crystals, it will go into a solution like it was before,
  • And can sit in my desk drawer for several more years.