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know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

A1

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

supremacy

US / su:ˈpreməsi /

•

UK / sʊˈprɛməsi /

C2

noun
State of being greatest or best possible

station

US / 'steɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈsteʃən /

A1

noun
Building, area, place used for a specific reason
A person's place in society
Place where you can catch a train or a bus
Company that broadcasts radio or TV programs
verb
(Army) to be posted to a place to perform duties
To put a person in a certain place or position

casualty

US / ˈkæʒuəlti /

•

UK / ˈkæʒuəlti /

B1

noun
Emergency area in a hospital for treating injuries
Someone injured or dead as a result of an accident

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

A1

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

A1

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

fearlessly

US / 'fɪələslɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪrlɪslɪ /

A2

adverb
Without being afraid

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

reminder

US / rɪˈmaɪndə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈmaɪndər /

A2

noun
Something that causes one to remember something

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

A1

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

defend

US / dɪ'fend /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛnd /

B1

verb
To protect and explain your position in court
To protect against an attack
To try to prevent another team from scoring

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

A1

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

stave

US / steɪv /

•

UK / stev /

C2

noun
Wooden post used in structures and buildings

struggle

US / 'strʌɡl /

•

UK / ˈstrʌɡəl /

A2

noun
Strong efforts made to do something difficult
verb
To try very hard to do something difficult

training

US / ˈtreɪnɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈtrenɪŋ /

A1

noun
Act of educating someone to get better at
verb
To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
To point a certain way or toward something
To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

defiance

US / dɪ'faɪəns /

•

UK / dɪˈfaɪəns /

B2

noun
Unashamed opposition or refusal to abide by rules

defy

US / dɪ'faɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈfaɪ /

B1

verb
To refuse to obey; be resistant to

earth

US / ɜ:θ /

•

UK / ɚθ /

A1

noun
Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
The planet we live on
Soil in which we grow plants

genocidal

US / ˌdʒenəˈsaɪdl /

•

UK / ˌdʒenəˈsaɪdl /

B2

adjecitve
Acting to destroy a people and their culture

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

A1

pronoun
Not many, a small number

prowler

US / ˈpraʊlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpraʊlər /

A1

noun
One who sneaks about usually to rob a house

bore

US / bɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɔr, bor /

A1

verb
To accept (responsibilities or duties)
To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
To show (sign of something)
To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge
To make a deep hole in the ground with a drill
To make someone not interested in something

die

US / daɪ /

•

UK / daɪ /

A1

noun
Cube with dots numbering 1-6 on it used in games
verb
To cease to function or work
(Of a thing) to stop being used or done
(Of a person) to stop living

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

A1

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

A1

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

fully

US / 'fʊlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfʊli /

A1

adverb
Completely or entirely

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

A1

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

A1

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

A1

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

carry

US / ˈkæri /

•

UK / ˈkæri /

A1

verb
To have a child, be pregnant
To have a disease you might give to others
(Of stores) to sell a particular product
To hold something and move it to another place
To travel a long distance (sound)
To support the weight or burden of something

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

A1

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

delete

US / dɪ'li:t /

•

UK / diˈlit /

B1

verb
To remove or erase something

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

A1

preposition
Not with; not having

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

A1

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

information

US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

A1

noun
Collection of facts and details about something

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

A1

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

circumference

US / səˈkʌmfərəns /

•

UK / sərˈkʌmfərəns /

C1

noun
Length around an outer boundary, e.g. a circle

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

upon

US / əˈpɔn, əpən /

•

UK / əˈpɑn, əˈpɔn /

A1

preposition
More formal term for 'on'

spartan

US / ˈspɑ:tn /

•

UK / ˈspɑ:rtn /

A1

other
A resident of Sparta
Of or relating to or characteristic of Sparta or its people
Resolute in the face of pain or danger or adversity

handful

US / 'hændfʊl /

•

UK / ˈhændˌfʊl /

B1

noun
an amount of something that can be held in one hand; small quantity or amount of people or things
A thing requiring great effort to control, manage

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

B1

noun
Item of factual information

serve

US / sɜ:v /

•

UK / sɚv /

A2

verb
To act in a particular position or office
To hit the first ball to an opponent in tennis etc.
To be used for a particular purpose
To give someone food or drinks
To give a person or group a service that is needed
To spend a particular amount of time in prison
To help customers find products and making sales
To give an official paper to appear in court

onto

US / ˈɒntə /

•

UK / ˈɑnˌtu, -tə, ˈɔn- /

A1

preposition
Towards a certain direction/into a certain area

stronghold

US / ˈstrɔ:ŋˌhəʊld /

•

UK / ˈstrɔŋˌhold /

C2

noun
Castle, fort etc. place that is fortified or secure

ash

US / æʃ /

•

UK / æʃ /

B1

noun
Gray powder left after a fire

defeat

US / dɪ'fi:t /

•

UK / dɪˈfit /

B1

noun
When you lose a fight, game or competition
verb
To beat an enemy, team, disease

pelican

US / 'pelɪkən /

•

UK / ˈpɛlɪkən /

B2

noun
Large bird that has a long deep bill to catch fish

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

A2

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

interest

US / 'ɪntrəst /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪst, -tərɪst, -ˌtrɛst /

A1

noun
Best or most advantageous thing for someone
Activity or subject one enjoys doing or learning
Fee for borrowing money
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

A1

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

relentless

US / rɪ'lentləs /

•

UK / rɪˈlɛntlɪs /

C1

adjecitve
Continuing without slowing or losing strength

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

A1

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

throughout

US / θru:ˈaʊt /

•

UK / θruˈaʊt /

A2

adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over/across an entire place/thing; in every part

industry

US / 'ɪndəstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈɪndəstri /

A1

noun
Hard work; being busy working
Factories or businesses that make certain products

finding

US / ˈfaɪndɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈfaɪndɪŋ /

A1

noun
Something you discover or find out; a result
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

A1

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

complex

US / 'kɒmpleks /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks /

A2

adjecitve
Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
noun
Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
Psychological issue regarding self-image

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

battle

US / 'bætl /

•

UK / ˈbætl /

A2

noun
Military fight between armies
Working hard to stop something; struggle
verb
To fight or struggle against someone or something
To work hard to stop something; struggle

titanium

US / tɪˈteɪniəm /

•

UK / taɪˈteniəm, tɪ- /

C2

noun
Light, extremely strong, whitish silver metal

ridge

US / rɪdʒ /

•

UK / rɪdʒ /

B1

noun
Edge where two leaning surfaces meet
Raised, narrow area, usually on top of a hill

inspiration

US / ˌɪnspə'reɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnspəˈreʃən /

B1

noun
Force making you feel you can do things, succeed

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

A1

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

A2

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

wilderness

US / 'wɪldənəs /

•

UK / ˈwɪldənɪs /

B1

noun
Rural area left natural and largely untouched

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

A1

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

A1

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

soldier

US / 'səʊldʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsoldʒɚ /

B1

noun
Person working in an army to fight

leap

US / li:p /

•

UK / lip /

B1

noun
(Of prices) a quick large increase
A large forward step or jump
verb
To enter or start something eagerly
(Of prices) to increase quickly by a large amount
To jump over something

debris

US / dəˈbri:, deɪ-, ˈdeɪˌbri: /

•

UK / dəˈbri, de-, ˈdeˌbri /

B2

noun
Remains of something broken or destroyed

effort

US / ˈefət /

•

UK / ˈɛfət /

A2

noun
Amount of work used trying to do something

bravery

US / 'breɪvərɪ /

•

UK / ˈbrevəri, ˈbrevri /

B1

noun
Quality allowing someone to do courageous things

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

A1

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

A1

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

intent

US / ɪnˈtent /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛnt /

A2

adjecitve
Having a fixed purpose or intention; not deviating
noun
Aim or purpose

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

A1

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

august

US / ɔːˈɡʌst /

•

UK / ɔːˈɡʌst /

A1

adjecitve
(of person) Well known and respected
noun
8th month of the year

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

A1

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

territory

US / 'terətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori /

B1

noun
Area of land defended by an animal
Area of particular knowledge or experience
Area owned or controlled by a government, person
Area of land with a specific defining feature

military

US / 'mɪlətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri /

B1

adjecitve
Concerning the army or navy
noun
Army or armed forces

brave

US / breɪv /

•

UK / brev /

A2

adjecitve
Not letting fear or danger stop you acting
noun
(Old-fashioned) A native American warrior
verb
To not be afraid of doing something dangerous

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

A1

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

defense

US / dɪ'fens /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛns /

B1

noun
Argument in support of something
The process of protecting something from attack
Part of a team that prevents others from scoring

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

A1

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

A1

determiner
Belonging to them

heart

US / hɑ:t /

•

UK / hɑrt /

A1

noun
A feeling of care for others; compassion
Courage, confidence, and emotional strength
Be cheerfully encouraging
Most essential, important, or central part
Referring to a promise or something important
State or feelings of affection or deep love
Core part of a vegetable, e.g. a lettuce
The part of the body that pumps blood
Place where emotions are believed to be felt
A shape that represents love

outlying

US / ˈaʊtlaɪɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈaʊtlaɪɪŋ /

B2

adjecitve
Far away from the center of something

powered

US / ˈpaʊəd /

•

UK / ˈpaʊərd /

A2

verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

A1

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

doom

US / du:m /

•

UK / dum /

B2

noun
Certain of the failure or destruction of
Very bad, unhappy future event or situation
verb
To make failure, defeat or death certain for

wipe

US / waɪp /

•

UK / waɪp /

A2

noun
Act to clean or dry something with a cloth
verb
To clean or dry something with a cloth
To spread a liquid on something

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

A1

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

A1

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

battleground

US / 'bætlɡraʊnd /

•

UK / ˈbætlˌɡraʊnd /

C2

noun
Region where a battle was, or is being fought

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

A1

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

mac

US / mæk /

•

UK / mæk /

A1

noun
Macaroni.
A mackintosh.
A type of personal computer.
A form of address for a man whose name is unknown to the speaker.

mining

US / ˈmaɪnɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈmaɪnɪŋ /

B2

noun
Act of digging to get coal, gold, silver etc.
verb
To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

A1

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

discover

US / dɪˈskʌvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌvɚ /

A2

verb
To find something new that was not known before

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

A1

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

risk

US / rɪsk /

•

UK / rɪsk /

A1

noun
Actions that cause potential problems
verb
To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

linda

US / /

•

UK / /

A1

mountain

US / 'maʊntən /

•

UK / ˈmaʊntən /

A1

noun
Very high piece of land, higher than a hill

familiarity

US / fəˌmɪliˈærəti /

•

UK / fəˌmɪlˈjærɪti, -ˌmɪliˈær- /

B1

noun
Manner of talking or behaving

resistance

US / rɪ'zɪstəns /

•

UK / rɪˈzɪstəns /

A2

noun
Force that stops or slows movement of something
Refusal to accept something new or different

master

US / 'mɑ:stə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmæstɚ /

A2

adjecitve
Being very skilled at doing something
Being the main or most important thing or part
noun
Someone who is very skilled at doing something
Holding a higher degree from a university
Male teacher
Owner of an animal, e.g. a dog
verb
To gain control over something
To learn to do something very well

elsewhere

US / ˌelsˈweə(r) /

•

UK / ˌelsˈwer /

A1

adverb
In, or to, another or different place

preserve

US / prɪˈzɜ:v /

•

UK / prɪˈzɜ:rv /

B1

noun
Protected area of land with plants and animals
verb
To cook food so it can be kept for long periods
To protect something from harm, loss or damage
To keep or maintain unchanged or perfect

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

A1

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

A1

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

A1

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

finality

US / faɪˈnæləti /

•

UK / faɪˈnælɪti, fə- /

B2

noun
Quality of being final or definitely settled

specie

US / 'spi:ʃi: /

•

UK / 'spi:ʃɪ /

B1

noun
Singular of species

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

A1

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

A1

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

witness

US / 'wɪtnəs /

•

UK / ˈwɪtnɪs /

B1

noun
Person who was present to see an event take place
Evidence or proof of something
verb
To see the signing of an official document
To see an event take place (usually a crime)
To serve as an example or evidence of something

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

threat

US / θret /

•

UK / θrɛt /

A2

noun
Warning of probable trouble
A warning that you may be harmed

site

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

A2

noun
Place that is reserved for a particular activity
Location of building work
Location of something
Place where something of special interest happened
Website
verb
To place something in a particular position, area

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

secure

US / sɪ'kjʊə(r) /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊr /

A2

adjecitve
Being attached to something tightly and surely
(Place that is) locked, guarded and safe
verb
To get or achieve something with certainty
To firmly attach something to something else
To protect from danger or harm, keep things safe

navigation

US / ˌnævɪˈgeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌnævɪˈɡeʃən /

B2

noun
Act of finding and following the correct course

eventually

US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

•

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

A2

adverb
After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

bastion

US / ˈbæstiən /

•

UK / ˈbæstʃən,-tiən /

B2

noun
Something that protects or preserves a way of life

overrun

US / ˌəʊvəˈrʌn /

•

UK / ˌoʊvəˈrʌn /

B2

noun
Amount by which something is too great or too long
verb
To exceed or be too much; take too long
To go in and be present in large numbers

ruthlessly

US / 'ru:θləslɪ /

•

UK / ˈruθlɪslɪ /

B2

adverb
Without pity; in a very determined or ruthless way

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

A1

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

A1

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

A1

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

gun

US / ɡʌn /

•

UK / ɡʌn /

A2

noun
Weapon which fires bullets down a tube
verb
To suddenly make an engine run faster

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

A1

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

brutal

US / 'bru:tl /

•

UK / ˈbrutl /

B1

adjecitve
Extremely violent or mean

mercy

US / 'mɜ:sɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɚsi /

B1

noun
Kind instead of harsh treatment of someone

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

A1

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

amass

US / ə'mæs /

•

UK / əˈmæs /

B2

verb
To collect a large amount of something

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

A1

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

A1

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

planet

US / 'plænɪt /

•

UK / ˈplænɪt /

A2

noun
One of the bodies that orbit the sun

mine

US / maɪn /

•

UK / maɪn /

A1

noun
A bomb hidden in the ground or the sea
Rich source of material or information
Place under the ground where coal, etc. is dug out
pronoun
That thing that belongs to me
verb
To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

A1

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

survive

US / sə'vaɪv /

•

UK / sɚˈvaɪv /

A2

verb
To continue to live despite illness or trouble

lined

US / laɪnd /

•

UK / laɪnd /

B2

adjecitve
(Used especially of skin) with lines or wrinkles
Having material put in the inside of
verb
To put material along the inside of something

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

A2

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

although

US / ɔ:lˈðəu /

•

UK / ɔlˈðo /

A1

conjunction
Despite the fact that; however

encounter

US / ɪn'kaʊntə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈkaʊntɚ /

B1

noun
A chance meeting; unexpected or unplanned meeting
verb
To come up against a problem or trouble; meet
To meet someone or something unexpectedly

specific

US / spəˈsɪfɪk /

•

UK / spɪˈsɪfɪk /

A2

adjecitve
Precise; particular; just about that thing
Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing

forest

US / 'fɒrɪst /

•

UK / ˈfɔrɪst, ˈfɑr- /

A1

noun
Large area with many trees

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

A1

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

overhead

US / ˌəʊvəˈhed /

•

UK / ˌoʊvərˈhed /

B1

adjecitve
Located above your head or in the sky
Above a person's head or in the sky
noun
Regular and necessary cost, such as rent and heat

safely

US / ˈseɪfli /

•

UK / ˈseflɪ /

A1

adverb
Out of danger

james

US / dʒeimz /

•

UK / dʒemz /

A1

proper noun
The name of seven Stuart kings of Scotland.
The name of two kings of England, Ireland, and Scotland.

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

A1

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

A1

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

surface

US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

•

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

A2

adjecitve
Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
noun
Top layer of the ground or of water
Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
Outside or upper layer of something
verb
To give (road) a top layer
To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
To come to the top of something; emerge
To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

defence

US / dɪˈfens /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛns /

B1

noun
The process of protecting something from attack

man

US / mæn /

•

UK / mæn /

A1

noun
Humans in general, including male and female
An adult male human being
Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
verb
To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

orbital

US / ˈɔ:bɪtl /

•

UK / ˈɔrbɪtl: /

B2

adjecitve
Concerning an orbit

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

A1

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

generator

US / ˈdʒenəreɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌretɚ /

B2

noun
Machine that produces electrical power

humanity

US / hju:ˈmænəti /

•

UK / hjuˈmænɪti /

A2

noun
Quality of being understanding or sympathetic
Human race as one group of people

fortify

US / 'fɔ:tɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrtəˌfaɪ /

B2

verb
To protect against military attack, as with walls
To make someone or something stronger

ritualistic

US / ˌrɪtʃuəˈlɪstɪk /

•

UK / ˌrɪtʃuəˈlɪstɪk /

B1

adjecitve
Characterized by or adhering to rituals

temporarily

US / tempəˈrerɪlɪ /

•

UK / tempəˈrerɪlɪ /

A2

adverb
For a limited amount of time

woman

US / ˈwʊmən /

•

UK / ˈwʊmən /

A1

noun
Adult female human being

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

A1

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

A1

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

A1

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

A1

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

hesitation

US / ˌhezɪ'teɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌhɛzɪˈteʃən /

B2

noun
Indecision or unwillingness to do something

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

A1

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

A1

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

database

US / 'deɪtəbeɪs /

•

UK / ˈdetəˌbes, ˈdætə- /

A2

noun
Data stored in logical order to aid retrieval

fail

US / feɪl /

•

UK / fel /

A1

noun
A mark on a test showing you did not pass
verb
To be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam
To not do or provide something that is needed
To stop working or functioning; to break down
To not achieve a goal, or to go wrong

burn

US / bɜ:n /

•

UK / bɚn /

A1

noun
Damage from fire or heat
verb
To destroy with fire
To feel pain and heat
To use as fuel for a fire to make light or heat
To overcook food with too much heat it goes black

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

A1

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

castle

US / ˈkɑ:sl /

•

UK / ˈkæsl /

A2

noun
Large defensive building in historical times

alpine

US / ˈælpaɪn /

•

UK / ˈælˌpaɪn /

B2

adjecitve
Concerning mountains or mountain ranges

gamma

US / 'ɡæmə /

•

UK / ˈɡæmə /

B2

noun
Third letter of the Greek alphabet

capture

US / 'kæptʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkæptʃɚ /

B1

verb
To attract and hold e.g. interest, attention
To record, tape, or film something
To catch and prevent from being free
To take control of a place or object by force

cinder

US / ˈsɪndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪndɚ /

C1

noun
Piece of burnt wood/coal that is still warm

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

A1

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

obliterate

US / ə'blɪtəreɪt /

•

UK / əˈblɪtəˌret,oˈblɪt- /

B2

verb
To completely destroy; rub out; stamp out

unchallenged

US / ʌnˈtʃælɪndʒd /

•

UK / ʌnˈtʃælɪndʒd /

B1

adjecitve
Not being challenged; never beaten

alien

US / 'eɪlɪən /

•

UK / ˈeliən,ˈeljən /

B1

adjecitve
Being foreign, different or unfamiliar
noun
Foreigner; a person not from this place
Person or creature from a planet other than Earth

mission

US / 'mɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɪʃən /

B1

noun
A task or role someone is given to do
Special assignment given to a person or group
Group tasked with a specific duty
A task given to someone to gain or achieve
Religious group wishing to convert others
Housing for a religious group working overseas
Religious or charitable task in a foreign country

chief

US / tʃi:f /

•

UK / tʃif /

A2

adjecitve
The one highest in authority or importance
noun
Leader of a race or group of people
The one highest in authority or importance

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

A1

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

population

US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

A2

noun
Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

survival

US / səˈvaɪvl /

•

UK / sɚˈvaɪvəl /

A2

noun
Act of continuing to exist when facing difficulty