Subtitles section
Repeat sentence
Subtitles mode
Full screen
Previous
Next
x 1.0
Playback speed
More

Neil deGrasse Tyson Explains Why We Have Leap Days

Video vocabulary

add

Copy vocabulary

US / æd /

UK / æd /

A1
  • verb
  • To include as well
  • To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

contingent

Copy vocabulary

US / kənˈtɪndʒənt /

UK / kənˈtɪndʒənt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Dependent (on); likely to result (from)
  • noun
  • Group of soldiers that assist an army; detachment

sir

Copy vocabulary

US / sɜ:(r) /

UK / sɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Form of polite address to a man you do not know
  • Title used to address men with authority

take

Copy vocabulary

US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

son

Copy vocabulary

US / sʌn /

UK / sʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Male child; friendly way of addressing a boy

brother

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈbrʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈbrʌðɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • A boy or man who shares a parent with you

can

Copy vocabulary

US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

become

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

platform

Copy vocabulary

US / 'plætfɔ:m /

UK / ˈplætˌfɔrm /

B1
  • noun
  • Flat, raised structure that people stand on
  • Area from which you board a train at a station

sixteen

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌsɪksˈti:n /

UK / sɪkˈstin /

A1
  • number
  • 16

accumulate

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈkju:mjəleɪt /

UK / əˈkjumjəˌlet /

B1
  • verb
  • To gather or acquire so that you have more of it

jewish

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdʒu:ɪʃ /

UK / ˈdʒuɪʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve

scale

Copy vocabulary

US / skeɪl /

UK / skel /

A2
  • noun
  • Size, level, or amount when compared
  • Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
  • Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
  • Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
  • Dimensions or size of something
  • verb
  • To change the size of but keep the proportions
  • To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
  • To remove the scales of a fish

sense

Copy vocabulary

US / sens /

UK / sɛns /

A1
  • noun
  • Certain mental feeling or emotion
  • Normal or clear state of mind
  • Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
  • verb
  • To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
  • To recognize the presence of something

belong

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪ'lɒŋ /

UK / bɪˈlɔŋ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be a welcomed as a new member of a group
  • To own something
  • To be in the right place or situation

fix

Copy vocabulary

US / fɪks /

UK / fɪks /

A2
  • noun
  • Answer to a problem
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something
  • To attach something so it will not move or change
  • To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
  • To make an animal unable to produce young
  • To make something whole or able to work again

maybe

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmeɪbi /

UK / ˈmebi /

A1
  • adverb
  • Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

not

Copy vocabulary

US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

october

Copy vocabulary

US / ɒkˈtəʊbə(r) /

UK / ɑkˈtobɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • 10th month of the year

whole

Copy vocabulary

US / həul /

UK / hol /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; all of
  • Being in a good condition
  • noun
  • Complete amount or sum; total

mystify

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmɪstɪfaɪ /

UK / ˈmɪstəˌfaɪ /

B2
  • verb
  • To cause to be in a state of confusion or mystery

study

Copy vocabulary

US / 'stʌdɪ /

UK / ˈstʌdi /

A1
  • noun
  • Room that a person studies or reads in
  • Piece of research
  • Topic or subject you research or learn about
  • verb
  • To focus on learning something usually at school

sundial

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsʌndaɪəl /

UK / ˈsʌnˌdaɪəl /

C2
  • noun
  • Timepiece indicating time from the suns shadow

would

Copy vocabulary

US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

invention

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪnˈvenʃn /

UK / ɪnˈvɛnʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Something new that is different from other things
  • Power or ability to create new things
  • Process of creating a new device or idea

yet

Copy vocabulary

US / jet /

UK / jɛt /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a later time (used after ‘not’)
  • (Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
  • Eventually; at a future time
  • Until now; up to the present
  • conjunction
  • Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

definition

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn /

UK / ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Explanation of word's meaning, as in dictionaries
  • The sharpness of an image on a screen
  • Visual clearness in a photo or on a screen

march

Copy vocabulary

US / mɑ:tʃ /

UK / mɑ:rtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Walk by a group of soldiers who walk in time
  • 3rd month of the year
  • Music played for soldiers to walk in time to
  • Progress towards a future time or place
  • Public walk by a group to demand change
  • verb
  • To force someone to walk somewhere
  • (Soldiers) to walk in time with others
  • To walk as a group to demand some kind of change
  • To walk somewhere quickly often in an angry manner

law

Copy vocabulary

US / lɔ: /

UK / lɔ /

A1
  • noun
  • Field of study that relates to the legal profession
  • A rule made and enforced by a government
  • System or rules made by the government

now

Copy vocabulary

US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

cut

Copy vocabulary

US / kʌt /

UK / kʌt /

A1
  • noun
  • Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
  • Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
  • A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
  • verb
  • To reduce the size or amount of something
  • To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

good

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

give

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

way

Copy vocabulary

US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

yes

Copy vocabulary

US / jes /

UK / jɛs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Way to say you agree or will do something

move

Copy vocabulary

US / mu:v /

UK / muv /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
  • An action; doing something
  • Step taken to achieve a goal
  • verb
  • To cause someone to have certain emotions
  • To cause something to change to a different place
  • To change where people live or a business operates
  • To take action to do or achieve something

else

Copy vocabulary

US / els /

UK / ɛls /

A1
  • adverb
  • Otherwise; if you fail to
  • (Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

dominus

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdɒmɪnʊs /

UK / /

A1
  • noun
  • Clergyman; especially a settled minister or parson

arbitrary

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈɑ:bitrəri /

UK / ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of decisions) unsupported; without any evidence

agree

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈgri: /

UK / əˈɡri /

A1
  • verb
  • To have the same opinion as someone else

rome

Copy vocabulary

US / rəʊm /

UK / rom /

A1
  • other
  • Leadership of the Roman Catholic Church

movement

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmu:vmənt /

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of a piece of classical music
  • Group with a shared interest or goal
  • Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
  • Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
  • Part of a piece of music

jumpstart

Copy vocabulary

US / /

UK / /

A1
  • other
  • Start (a car engine whose battery is dead) by connecting it to another car's battery
  • Start or re-start vigorously
  • Starting an automobile engine that has a weak battery by means of jumper cables to another car

excuse

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪk'skju:s /

UK / ɪkˈskjuz /

A2
  • noun
  • Note explaining why someone cannot do or attend
  • Reason why you did or didn't do something
  • verb
  • To allow someone not to do (jury service, etc.)
  • To explain acting in a bad or impolite manner
  • To forgive someone for something bad or impolite

educate

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈedʒukeɪt /

UK / ˈɛdʒəˌket /

A2
  • verb
  • To teach someone in a school or college

account

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'kaʊnt /

UK / əˈkaʊnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An advantage
  • Arrangement with a bank to keep your money for you
  • An invoice for things bought
  • Arrangement whereby you can use online services
  • A description, often written, of events; report

miss

Copy vocabulary

US / mɪs /

UK / mɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Action of not hitting something or someone
  • Form of address to unmarried girl or woman
  • verb
  • To be absent
  • To fail to hit something e.g. a ball
  • To do without something
  • To fail to see or sense something
  • To fail to understand someone's message
  • To be too late to ride on something e.g. train
  • To feel you want to see someone who is not there

multiply

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmʌltɪplaɪ /

UK / ˈmʌltəˌplaɪ /

B1
  • verb
  • To increase in number by reproducing/having babies
  • To increase something by a large quantity
  • To have increased by a large quantity
  • To calculate two numbers e.g. 2 x 4

pay

Copy vocabulary

US / peɪ /

UK / pe /

A1
  • noun
  • Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
  • verb
  • To give money for goods or work done
  • To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
  • To be punished or suffer for something you did
  • To make (a visit) to a person or place

nice

Copy vocabulary

US / naɪs /

UK / naɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being attractive or of high quality or value
  • Good or enjoyable
  • Being kind or friendly

moon

Copy vocabulary

US / mu:n /

UK / mun /

A2
  • noun
  • Round object circling the Earth at night
  • verb
  • To expose your buttocks as a joke

look

Copy vocabulary

US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

bit

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪt /

UK / bɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • Small piece of something
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

believe

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪ'li:v /

UK / bɪˈliv /

A1
  • verb
  • To think or accept that something is true
  • To have a particular opinion about something

worry

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈwʌri /

UK / ˈwɜ:ri /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that causes trouble or concern
  • verb
  • To cause concern or trouble over something

throw

Copy vocabulary

US / θrəʊ /

UK / θroʊ /

A1
  • noun
  • Arm movement to make a thing fly through the air
  • Loose cloth or blanket (usually over a chair)
  • Forcibly putting someone on the ground
  • verb
  • To use your arm to make something fly in the air
  • To move part of your body suddenly and forcefully
  • To confuse or upset someone
  • (E.g. judo) to forcibly put someone on the ground
  • To put something somewhere suddenly and roughly

old

Copy vocabulary

US / əʊld /

UK / old /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having existed for a long time, not young or new
  • Age of a person since birth

eighteen

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌeɪˈti:n /

UK / eˈtin /

A1
  • number
  • 18

fourth

Copy vocabulary

US / fɔ:θ /

UK / fɔ:rθ /

A1
  • noun
  • 4th

who

Copy vocabulary

US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

pocket

Copy vocabulary

US / 'pɒkɪt /

UK / ˈpɑkɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (As if) small enough to fit in your pocket
  • noun
  • Small cloth bag sewn into clothing to hold things
  • Area of space
  • verb
  • To put something into your pocket
  • To take or hide something illegally

its

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

very

Copy vocabulary

US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

they

Copy vocabulary

US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

risk

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪsk /

UK / rɪsk /

A1
  • noun
  • Actions that cause potential problems
  • verb
  • To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

otherwise

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈʌðəwaiz /

UK / ˈʌðɚˌwaɪz /

A2
  • adverb
  • In an additional or different way
  • Unless; or

julian

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdʒuːljən /

UK / ˈdʒuliən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Of or relating to or characteristic of Julius Caesar

celebrate

Copy vocabulary

US / 'selɪbreɪt /

UK / ˈsɛləˌbret /

A2
  • verb
  • To observe an event or occasion, e.g. a birthday
  • To lead or participate in a religious ceremony
  • To express praise or thanks for something

catholic

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkæθlɪk /

UK / ˈkæθəlɪk, ˈkæθlɪk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • One of many Christian belief systems
  • noun
  • Person believing in the Catholic church

show

Copy vocabulary

US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

simple

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sɪmpl /

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not hard to understand or do; not complex
  • Having only a few parts; not complex
  • Being ordinary or normal
  • Being plain; without a lot added for style

remember

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪ'membə(r) /

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

A1
  • verb
  • To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
  • To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
  • To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

twelve

Copy vocabulary

US / twelv /

UK / twɛlv /

A1
  • number
  • 12

ruin

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ru:ɪn /

UK / ˈruɪn /

B1
  • verb
  • To damage or completely destroy something
  • To cause someone to lose their money or status
  • noun
  • Remains of a building that has been destroyed

end

Copy vocabulary

US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

count

Copy vocabulary

US / kaʊnt /

UK / kaʊnt /

A2
  • noun
  • Number of things added together, e.g. votes
  • With the number of crimes, knockouts, as stated
  • verb
  • To add things together to find the total number
  • To matter or be important
  • To include someone or something in a final number

with

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

upon

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈpɔn, əpən /

UK / əˈpɑn, əˈpɔn /

A1
  • preposition
  • More formal term for 'on'

origin

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈɒrɪdʒɪn /

UK / ˈɔrədʒɪn,ˈɑr- /

A2
  • noun
  • Point at which something begins or is created
  • Country or social group that a person comes from

orbit

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɔ:bɪt /

UK / ˈɔrbɪt /

B2
  • noun
  • Path an object takes as it circles another object
  • verb
  • To go around another object (often in space)

his

Copy vocabulary

US / hɪz /

UK / hɪz /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Something belonging to a male person

see

Copy vocabulary

US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

gregorian

Copy vocabulary

US / grɪˈgɔːrɪən /

UK / grəˈgɔriən /

A1
  • other
  • Of or relating to Pope Gregory I or to the plainsong chants of the Roman Catholic Church
  • Of or relating to Pope Gregory XIII or the calendar he introduced in

amortization

Copy vocabulary

US / əˌmɔ:taɪ'zeɪʃn /

UK / əˌmɔ:taɪ'zeɪʃn /

C2
  • noun
  • Act of spreading a taxable cost over several years

vatican

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈvætɪkən /

UK / ˈvætɪkən /

A1
  • noun
  • The palace and official residence of the Pope in Rome.

properly

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈprɔpəlɪ /

UK / ˈprɑːpərli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In an appropriate or correct manner

pee

Copy vocabulary

US / pi: /

UK / pi /

B2
  • verb
  • To urinate

priest

Copy vocabulary

US / pri:st /

UK / prist /

B1
  • noun
  • Person who can perform ceremonies in a religion

hundred

Copy vocabulary

US / 'hʌndrəd /

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

A1
  • number
  • 100

month

Copy vocabulary

US / mʌnθ /

UK / mʌnθ /

A1
  • noun
  • One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

dude

Copy vocabulary

US / du:d /

UK / dud, djud /

B2

fundamental

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌfʌndəˈmentl /

UK / ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Forming a necessary part, base, or core
  • noun
  • A basic part of something
  • (Music) the lowest note in a harmony

fifteenth

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌfɪf'ti:nθ /

UK / fɪfˈtinθ /

A1
  • noun
  • 15th

without

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

A1
  • preposition
  • Not with; not having

tyson

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈtaɪsən /

UK / /

A1

sixty

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sɪkstɪ /

UK / ˈsɪksti /

A1
  • number
  • 60

six

Copy vocabulary

US / sɪks /

UK / sɪks /

A1
  • number
  • 6

last

Copy vocabulary

US / lɑ:st /

UK / læst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most recent; the latest
  • The one before
  • adverb
  • Final; with nothing following; after all others
  • Most recent; the latest
  • determiner
  • The one at the end
  • verb
  • To remain or continue for a certain period of time

have

Copy vocabulary

US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

extra

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ekstrə /

UK / 'ekstrə /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • More than necessary; additional
  • noun
  • Items more than you need; additional items
  • Person who has a small part in a movie
  • Special version of a newspaper

century

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sentʃərɪ /

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of 100 years

alive

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'laɪv /

UK / əˈlaɪv /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Living; not dead

sun

Copy vocabulary

US / sʌn /

UK / sʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Light and heat coming from a large star in the sky
  • Hot shining star the Earth moves around
  • verb
  • To lie in the sunshine and enjoy its warmth

roman

Copy vocabulary

US / rɔmə /

UK / roˈmɑŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A resident of modern Rome
  • other
  • A typeface used in ancient Roman inscriptions
  • An inhabitant of the ancient Roman Empire
  • Characteristic of the modern type that most directly represents the type used in ancient Roman inscr
  • Of or relating to or supporting Romanism
  • Relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

notice

Copy vocabulary

US / 'nəʊtɪs /

UK / ˈnotɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Time by when you must leave, e.g. if you are fired
  • Paper with an announcement, e.g. pinned to a board
  • verb
  • To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing

history

Copy vocabulary

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

A2
  • noun
  • Established pattern or record
  • Study of past events as an academic subject

full

Copy vocabulary

US / fʊl /

UK / fʊl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Containing all the parts; complete
  • Containing or holding as much as possible
  • Having had enough food
  • adverb
  • In a direct manner; completely

conversation

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn /

UK / ˌkɑnvɚˈseʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Talking with other people; discussion or chat

scientist

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who is trained in a science

next

Copy vocabulary

US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one

bear

Copy vocabulary

US / bɛː /

UK / bɛr /

A2
  • noun
  • Large brown animal with fur that lives in forests
  • Someone who expects stock market to fall
  • verb
  • To accept (responsibilities or duties)
  • To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
  • To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
  • To keep moving left or right while going forward
  • To show (sign of something)
  • To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge

moment

Copy vocabulary

US / 'məʊmənt /

UK / 'moʊmənt /

A1
  • noun
  • Very short or brief period of time
  • A particular period in time

precise

Copy vocabulary

US / prɪ'saɪs /

UK / prɪˈsaɪs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of language details etc.) Very accurate and exact
  • (Of a time, place, quality) exact
  • Being very careful about how you do things

know

Copy vocabulary

US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

gregory

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdraʊzi /

UK / ˈdraʊzi /

A1

complete

Copy vocabulary

US / kəm'pli:t /

UK / kəmˈplit /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being finished; done; achieved
  • Being as perfect and as total as could be
  • verb
  • To finish or reach the end of doing something

could

Copy vocabulary

US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

ten

Copy vocabulary

US / ten /

UK / tɛn /

A1
  • number
  • 10

spring

Copy vocabulary

US / sprɪŋ /

UK / sprɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Coil of metal that lessens impact, e.g. on cars
  • Sudden jump from one place to another
  • The time when plants start growing after winter
  • Place where water flows from beneath the ground
  • verb
  • To lessen the impact of something under pressure
  • To jump into the air

two

Copy vocabulary

US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

calendric

Copy vocabulary

US / /

UK / /

A1
  • other
  • Relating to or characteristic of or used in a calendar or time measurement

rare

Copy vocabulary

US / reə(r) /

UK / rɛr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
  • Unusual or out of the ordinary; not common

put

Copy vocabulary

US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

huh

Copy vocabulary

US / hʌ /

UK / hʌ /

A1
  • exclamation
  • Sound people make when they are confused

frame

Copy vocabulary

US / freɪm /

UK / frem /

A2
  • noun
  • Structure that holds a picture or photo
  • A person's body shape determined by their skeleton
  • Main part of structures supporting the other parts
  • verb
  • To make a person that is not guilty appear guilty
  • To put say or write something in a careful way
  • To put a picture in a protective structure

back

Copy vocabulary

US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

where

Copy vocabulary

US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

owe

Copy vocabulary

US / əʊ /

UK / o /

A2
  • verb
  • To need to do something in return for a favor etc.
  • To credit someone or thing for making it possible
  • To have a commitment to pay someone for something

call

Copy vocabulary

US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

slip

Copy vocabulary

US / slɪp /

UK / slɪp /

B1
  • noun
  • A field position in cricket
  • A quick escape or become free from something
  • Combination of clay and water, used in pottery
  • Occasion when something grows worse or drops lower
  • Minor mistake
  • Thin women's underwear to go under a dress
  • verb
  • To begin to fall as a result of losing balance
  • To escape or become free from something
  • To move from one state to another, usually worse
  • To slide out of place or fall to the ground
  • To occur or pass rapidly
  • To put something in a place quietly and secretly

mess

Copy vocabulary

US / mes /

UK / mɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Something that is untidy, dirty or unclean
  • verb
  • To make something untidy or dirty

nineteen

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌnaɪnˈti:n /

UK / naɪnˈtin /

A1
  • number
  • 19

leap

Copy vocabulary

US / li:p /

UK / lip /

B1
  • noun
  • (Of prices) a quick large increase
  • A large forward step or jump
  • verb
  • To enter or start something eagerly
  • (Of prices) to increase quickly by a large amount
  • To jump over something

keep

Copy vocabulary

US / ki:p /

UK / kip /

A1
  • noun
  • Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
  • Money spent on you so you can live in a place
  • verb
  • To continue doing something; not to stop
  • To stop balls going in a goal in sports
  • To not give back or return something
  • (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
  • To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
  • To have and continue to hold something
  • To do something that you have promised or agreed
  • To stay in a certain place or condition
  • To maintain the rules

forgive

Copy vocabulary

US / fəˈgɪv /

UK / fərˈgɪv /

A2
  • verb
  • To stop blaming someone for guilt, mistake

february

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈfebruəri /

UK / ˈfebrueri /

A1
  • noun
  • 2nd month of the year

zone

Copy vocabulary

US / zəʊn /

UK / zoʊn /

B1
  • noun
  • Area of space designated for a particular use
  • verb
  • To divide an area for a particular reason

real

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪəl /

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Actually existing or happening, not imagined
  • Being important or special

hey

Copy vocabulary

US / heɪ /

UK / he /

A1
  • exclamation
  • What you say when you want someone's attention

another

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One more, but not this
  • determiner
  • One more added
  • pronoun
  • One more (thing)

ancient

Copy vocabulary

US / 'eɪnʃənt /

UK / ˈenʃənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very old; having lived a very long time ago

think

Copy vocabulary

US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

fifteen

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌfɪfˈti:n /

UK / fɪfˈtin /

A1
  • number
  • 15

evenly

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈi:vnli /

UK / ˈivənlɪ /

B2
  • adverb
  • Equally; with advantage to both sides
  • In a smooth, level or regular way
  • In a regular, steady, and equally paced manner

decide

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪ'saɪd /

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

A2
  • verb
  • To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
  • To make a legal judgment in court
  • to affect the result of something

effort

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈefət /

UK / ˈɛfət /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount of work used trying to do something

come

Copy vocabulary

US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

anybody

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈenibɒdi /

UK / ˈenibʌdi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Any person; anyone

over

Copy vocabulary

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

seventeen

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌsevnˈti:n /

UK / sev(ə)nˈtin /

A1
  • number
  • 17

autumn

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈɔ:təm /

UK / ˈɔtəm /

A1
  • noun
  • The season when leaves fall off trees

early

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈɜ:li /

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or appearing before
  • adverb
  • Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
  • Happening sooner than expected

chuck

Copy vocabulary

US / tʃʌk /

UK / tʃʌk /

B2
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To throw carelessly or casually

universe

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈju:nɪvɜ:s /

UK / ˈjunəˌvɚs /

B2
  • noun
  • All of space that contains planets and stars
  • Things surrounding a person, affecting their life

sixteenth

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌsɪks'ti:nθ /

UK / sɪkˈstinθ /

A1
  • noun
  • 16th

order

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Religious or social group, as of nuns
  • Instructions to others to do what you want
  • State in which things are neat and organized
  • What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
  • Social or political control of an area
  • verb
  • To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
  • To give instructions to others to do what you want
  • To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

phenomenon

Copy vocabulary

US / fə'nɒmɪnən /

UK / fɪˈnɑməˌnɑn, -nən /

B1
  • noun
  • Unusual event, fact that can be studied
  • Interesting or unusual person, group
  • something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesti

make

Copy vocabulary

US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

freak

Copy vocabulary

US / friːk /

UK / friːk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of weather, etc.) unusual; unpredictable; amazing
  • noun
  • verb

year

Copy vocabulary

US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

sixth

Copy vocabulary

US / sɪksθ /

UK / sɪksθ /

A1
  • noun
  • 6th

simply

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsɪmpli /

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In an easy or clear manner

rent

Copy vocabulary

US / rent /

UK / rɛnt /

A2
  • verb
  • To give the use of something in return for payment
  • To cut a piece of cloth by tearing it

how

Copy vocabulary

US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

live

Copy vocabulary

US / lɪv /

UK / liv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
  • Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
  • Glowing because burning; hot
  • Not yet killed (for food)
  • adverb
  • (Music, drama) as it is performed
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

kind

Copy vocabulary

US / kaɪnd /

UK / kaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a caring and helpful manner
  • friendly and considerate
  • noun
  • One type of thing

five

Copy vocabulary

US / faɪv /

UK / faɪv /

A1
  • number
  • 5

also

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

orbital

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈɔ:bɪtl /

UK / ˈɔrbɪtl: /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning an orbit

man

Copy vocabulary

US / mæn /

UK / mæn /

A1
  • noun
  • Humans in general, including male and female
  • An adult male human being
  • Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
  • verb
  • To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
  • To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

half

Copy vocabulary

US / hɑ:f /

UK / hæf, hɑf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not complete
  • adverb
  • Partly; somewhat
  • noun
  • One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
  • The part you get when one is divided into two;

university

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌju:nɪ'vɜ:sətɪ /

UK / ˌjunɪˈvɜrsəti /

A1
  • noun
  • High-level educational institution; college

three

Copy vocabulary

US / θri: /

UK / θri /

A1
  • number
  • Number 3

term

Copy vocabulary

US / tɜ:m /

UK / tɚm /

A1
  • noun
  • Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
  • Length of time something is expected to happen
  • Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
  • The (precise) name given to something
  • verb
  • To call; give a name to

midnight

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈmɪdnaɪt /

UK / ˈmɪdˌnaɪt /

B1
  • noun
  • 12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

eve

Copy vocabulary

US / i:v /

UK / i:v /

B1
  • noun
  • The time just before something happens
  • Day before a significant or special day
  • (Poetic) evening; early part of the night
  • Person's name

bad

Copy vocabulary

US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

this

Copy vocabulary

US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

sabbath

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsæbəθ /

UK / ˈsæbəθ /

C1
  • noun
  • Day of rest in some religions

slave

Copy vocabulary

US / sleɪv /

UK / slev /

B1
  • noun
  • Someone who is legally owned by another person

discuss

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪˈskʌs /

UK / dɪˈskʌs /

A1
  • verb
  • To talk about seriously or in great detail

conclude

Copy vocabulary

US / kənˈklu:d /

UK / kənˈklud /

A2
  • verb
  • To finish or cause to finish; end
  • To arrive at a judgment or opinion

countdown

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkaʊntdaʊn /

UK / ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn /

C2
  • noun
  • Counting backward to zero to show the time left

bottle

Copy vocabulary

US / 'bɒtl /

UK / ˈbɑtl /

A1
  • noun
  • Container with a narrow neck used to hold liquids
  • verb
  • To put something into a bottle to store it

wow

Copy vocabulary

US / waʊ /

UK / waʊ /

A1
  • exclamation
  • Sound people make when they make are impressed
  • verb
  • (Informal) to greatly impress someone

rate

Copy vocabulary

US / reɪt /

UK / ret /

A1
  • noun
  • Current price or cost of something
  • Speed or frequency of events over time
  • verb
  • To assess something or consider its qualities

the

Copy vocabulary

US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

might

Copy vocabulary

US / maɪt /

UK / maɪt /

A1
  • other
  • Used to politely request an action
  • Used to express that something could happen
  • Power, strength, force or influence

let

Copy vocabulary

US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

little

Copy vocabulary

US / 'lɪtl /

UK / ˈlɪtl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being short in length of time
  • Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
  • Being very young or younger than others
  • adverb
  • By an amount or degree that is not very much
  • Not often; rarely
  • noun
  • A person's name

spin

Copy vocabulary

US / spɪn /

UK / spɪn /

B1
  • noun
  • A dizzy feeling your head is turning around
  • A slant or hidden purpose, as in politicians' talk
  • A movement in a rapid turning motion
  • verb
  • To make a ball rotate when throwing it
  • To feel dizzy/confused, as in my head is spinning
  • To convert material such as cotton into thread
  • To move something in a rapid turning motion

less

Copy vocabulary

US / les /

UK / lɛs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Smaller in amount or degree
  • adverb
  • To a smaller degree
  • noun
  • A smaller amount
  • preposition
  • With the subtraction of

follow

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈfɔləu /

UK / ˈfɑlo /

A1
  • verb
  • To come after someone; be guided by someone
  • To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
  • To be the logical result of something
  • To happen after something else happens
  • To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
  • To understand something happening or being said

academic

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌækə'demɪk /

UK / ˌækəˈdɛmɪk /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning education, schools, universities, etc.
  • Unimportant or irrelevant; trivial
  • noun
  • Educator teaching at a college or university
  • other
  • Concerning education, schools, universities, etc.

birthday

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈbɜ:θdeɪ /

UK / ˈbɚθˌde /

A1
  • noun
  • Date each year on which you were born

turn

Copy vocabulary

US / tɜ:n /

UK / tɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Place where changing of direction happens
  • Your time or chance to perform a duty
  • Your chance to play or do in say a game
  • Unexpected change, as in the weather
  • verb
  • To become (a particular age)
  • To become a different quality, color, etc.
  • To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
  • To move in an opposite direction or position
  • To shape metal with a spinning tool

than

Copy vocabulary

US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

one

Copy vocabulary

US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

power

Copy vocabulary

US / 'paʊə(r) /

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal or official right to perform certain actions
  • Ability to move forcefully and quickly
  • Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
  • Mathematical way to multiply a number
  • Condition of being in political control
  • Physical force, energy, and strength
  • verb
  • To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
  • To move something forcefully and quickly

other

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

invent

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪnˈvent /

UK / ɪnˈvɛnt /

A2
  • verb
  • To create something such as a story or excuse
  • To create something useful for the first time

into

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

explainer

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪksp'leɪnə /

UK / ɪksp'leɪnə /

A1
  • noun
  • Someone giving reasons or details about something

yeah

Copy vocabulary

US / jeə /

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

A1
  • exclamation
  • Another way of saying 'yes'

reckon

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈrekən /

UK / ˈrɛkən /

A2
  • verb
  • To believe or expect that something is true

needy

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈni:di /

UK / ˈnidi /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Poor; without much money

happen

Copy vocabulary

US / 'hæpən /

UK / ˈhæpən /

A1
  • verb
  • To take place or occur

example

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing, person which represents a category

own

Copy vocabulary

US / əʊn /

UK / on /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Belong to oneself
  • determiner
  • Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
  • pronoun
  • (Something) belong to myself
  • verb
  • To have something as your property

tell

Copy vocabulary

US / tel /

UK / tɛl /

A1
  • verb
  • To (strongly) advise a person to do something
  • To be able to guess
  • To say or communicate information to someone
  • To inform, but without speaking; indicate
  • To have a negative effect on someone
  • To order someone to do something; command
  • To recognize something based on certain signs
  • To report something to an authority
  • To explain something or teach someone something

stay

Copy vocabulary

US / steɪ /

UK / ste /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal order to stop or delay an action
  • Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
  • Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
  • verb
  • To keep trying without giving up
  • To remain in the same place and not move away
  • To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

square

Copy vocabulary

US / skweə(r) /

UK / skwɛr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being fair or honest
  • Multiply a number by itself e.g. 2x2 or 6x6
  • noun
  • Shape with 4 equal length sides and 4 equal angles
  • The result of multiplying Length by the width
  • Open public area in the middle of the town
  • verb
  • To make something balance or be equal
  • To multiply a number by itself, e.g. 2x2 or 6x8
  • To straighten the edge to form a four-sided shape

number

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
  • Particular song or dance performed during a show
  • Total quantity or amount of things
  • verb
  • To put numbers on things
  • To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
  • To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

nothing

Copy vocabulary

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Item of little or no value, importance, interest
  • Number or value of zero
  • pronoun
  • Not anything, not a single thing

hit

Copy vocabulary

US / hɪt /

UK / hɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • A planned killing, usually for money
  • Song, movie etc. that is successful
  • When someone strikes someone or something
  • Time when a player makes contact with the ball
  • Time when a website is accessed
  • verb
  • To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
  • To press something, such as a button or switch
  • To suddenly realize the importance of something
  • To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
  • To fight, attack or damage something or someone
  • To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
  • To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

interesting

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Taking your attention; making you want to know
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

task

Copy vocabulary

US / tɑ:sk /

UK / tæsk /

A2
  • noun
  • Big or small piece of work someone has to do
  • verb
  • To be given something to do, e.g. wash dishes

require

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

A2
  • verb
  • To demand that someone does something
  • To need to do something, to make it necessary

mean

Copy vocabulary

US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

enough

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪˈnʌf /

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sufficient to answer the need
  • adverb
  • To a satisfactory degree
  • pronoun
  • Equal to what is needed; as much as required
  • Adequate number or amount

find

Copy vocabulary

US / faɪnd /

UK / faɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Object discovered by chance
  • Things that have been discovered from searching
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
  • To discover something by looking for it

catholicism

Copy vocabulary

US / kə'θɒləsɪzəm /

UK / kəˈθɑlɪˌsɪzəm /

B2
  • noun
  • Beliefs and practices of a Catholic Church

then

Copy vocabulary

US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

fancy

Copy vocabulary

US / 'fænsɪ /

UK / ˈfænsi /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Unusual and attractive in design
  • verb
  • To want to have or do something; feel like
  • To imagine or suppose that something will happen
  • To believe or imagine something that is not true

christian

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkrɪstʃən /

UK / ˈkrɪstʃən /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Based on the teachings of Jesus
  • noun
  • Person believing in the teachings of Jesus Christ

spitter

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈspɪtə(r) /

UK / ˈspɪtər /

B1
  • noun
  • Person who ejects saliva from the mouth

rotation

Copy vocabulary

US / rəʊˈteɪʃn /

UK / roʊˈteɪʃn /

B2
  • noun
  • Regular change of the crops grown in a field
  • Group who take turns performing a certain task
  • Regularly changing the time when people work
  • Movement in a circle around a central point

serious

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsɪəriəs /

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Giving something great energy or sincerity
  • Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
  • Being sincere about something; not joking

medium

Copy vocabulary

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

UK / ˈmidiəm /

A2
  • noun
  • Method of expressing ideas or feelings
  • Something available in a middle size or condition
  • Person who claims to communicate with the dead

hard

Copy vocabulary

US / hɑ:d /

UK / hɑː(r)d /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
  • (Of alcohol) strong
  • Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
  • Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
  • Strong
  • (Of edge) clear; sharp
  • Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
  • adverb
  • With lots of force, power, or impact

get

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

first

Copy vocabulary

US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

week

Copy vocabulary

US / wi:k /

UK / wik /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

what

Copy vocabulary

US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

second

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sekənd /

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 2nd; the one following first
  • noun
  • Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
  • Short period of time that you wait for someone
  • (Do) soon

people

Copy vocabulary

US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

jesuit

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈdʒezjuit /

UK / ˈdʒɛʒuɪt,ˈdʒɛzu-,-ju- /

A1
  • other
  • A member of the Jesuit order

like

Copy vocabulary

US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

care

Copy vocabulary

US / keə(r) /

UK / kɛr /

A1
  • noun
  • Treatment you receive for your health or safety
  • Something that a person worries about
  • verb
  • To feel interest, concern, or worry
  • To look after someone or something

even

Copy vocabulary

US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

about

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

again

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'ɡen /

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

senate

Copy vocabulary

US / 'senət /

UK / ˈsɛnɪt /

B2
  • noun
  • A board of governors at a college or university

right

Copy vocabulary

US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

those

Copy vocabulary

US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

hour

Copy vocabulary

US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • noun
  • 60 minutes
  • Particular time of the day
  • Fixed, regularly occurring time

eighty

Copy vocabulary

US / 'eɪtɪ /

UK / ˈeti /

A1
  • number
  • 80

define

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪ'faɪn /

UK / dɪˈfaɪn /

A2
  • verb
  • To explain the meaning of words
  • To set or mark the limits of something

system

Copy vocabulary

US / 'sɪstəm /

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Working in an organized, logical way
  • noun
  • Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

under

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In the same place as another thing, but lower
  • adverb
  • In a lower quantity or price than expected
  • preposition
  • According to the terms of an agreement or law
  • Managed or controlled by the authority of
  • Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
  • Influenced or affected by something or someone
  • Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

much

Copy vocabulary

US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

equinox

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈi:kwɪnɒks /

UK / ˈi:kwɪnɑ:ks /

A1
  • noun
  • Either of two times of the year when the sun crosses the plane of the earth's equator and day and ni

earth

Copy vocabulary

US / ɜ:θ /

UK / ɚθ /

A1
  • noun
  • Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
  • The planet we live on
  • Soil in which we grow plants

fact

Copy vocabulary

US / fækt /

UK / fækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is known or proved to be true

highly

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈhaɪli /

UK / 'haɪlɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In a manner that shows approval
  • More than usual; to a great degree

easter

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈiːstə(r) /

UK / ˈiːstər /

C2
  • noun
  • Christian celebration of Christ's Resurrection

depend

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪˈpend /

UK / dɪˈpend /

B1
  • verb
  • Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)

correct

Copy vocabulary

US / kə'rekt /

UK / kəˈrɛkt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being suitable and appropriate for an occasion
  • True or accurate
  • verb
  • To fix a problem
  • To write marks on a piece of work to show mistakes
  • To punish in order to improve

behold

Copy vocabulary

US / bɪˈhəʊld /

UK / bɪˈhoʊld /

B2
  • verb
  • To look at

personal

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈpɜ:sənl /

UK / ˈpɚsənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Done by or to a particular person; individual
  • Concerning a person's private life or feelings

black

Copy vocabulary

US / blæk /

UK / blæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Color of the sky on a dark night
  • noun
  • A person with dark skin, often of African origin
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To fill in something to make it a very dark color

atomic

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈtɒmɪk /

UK / əˈtɑ:mɪk /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning atoms

well

Copy vocabulary

US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

specifically

Copy vocabulary

US / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

UK / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

A2
  • adverb
  • As regards a particular thing; closely related to
  • In particular

land

Copy vocabulary

US / lænd /

UK / lænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Region or country
  • Earth; the ground
  • verb
  • To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
  • To obtain or get something that you wanted
  • To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
  • To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

exact

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪɡ'zækt /

UK / ɪɡˈzækt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Completely correct; accurate; specific
  • verb
  • To get something, sometimes using force

everybody

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈevribɒdi /

UK / ˈɛvriˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Every person; everyone

fraction

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈfrækʃn /

UK / ˈfrækʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Small part of something

smart

Copy vocabulary

US / smɑ:t /

UK / smɑ:rt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Fashionable; well-dressed; well-groomed
  • Looking clean, neat and stylish
  • (Of phones, weapons) with clever features
  • Associated with rich, popular and stylish people
  • Clever; with intelligence
  • adverb
  • Energetic or quick in motion or movement
  • In a clever way; with intelligence
  • noun
  • Feeling of being hurt and upset
  • Sharp, burning pain
  • verb
  • To feel hurt or upset
  • To hurt with an unexpected sharp or burning pain

sound

Copy vocabulary

US / saʊnd /

UK / saʊnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sensible, dependable and reliable
  • Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
  • Firm or solid in structure
  • Sane; not mentally ill
  • Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
  • noun
  • Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
  • Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
  • verb
  • To seem or appear to be, from what was said
  • To say in a clear deliberate manner
  • To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

hell

Copy vocabulary

US / hel /

UK / hɛl /

A2
  • noun
  • Any place of pain and suffering

cool

Copy vocabulary

US / ku:l /

UK / kul /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Steady and calm when facing difficulties
  • Almost cold; not warm or hot
  • Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
  • Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
  • verb
  • To make something decrease in temperature
  • (Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

charge

Copy vocabulary

US / tʃɑ:dʒ /

UK / tʃɑrdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • An attack by running quickly toward someone
  • A price for a service or goods
  • When a battery has a certain amount of electricity
  • Amount of money you pay for a service
  • verb
  • To run quickly toward someone to attack them
  • To ask for money as a price for a service or goods
  • To put electricity in a battery
  • To give responsibility to take care of or manage
  • To state that someone has committed a crime

consequence

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkɔnsikwəns /

UK / ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛns,-kwəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Importance of a person or thing
  • Outcome of an event; result

amazing

Copy vocabulary

US / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

UK / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Surprising in a pleasing way
  • verb
  • To cause wonder; to surprise completely

vernal

Copy vocabulary

US / 'vɜ:nl /

UK / ˈvə:nəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh

vague

Copy vocabulary

US / veɪɡ /

UK / veɡ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Not clearly stated or expressed; rough; unclear
  • Not clearly understood; not strongly experienced
  • Being not clearly visible

why

Copy vocabulary

US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

time

Copy vocabulary

US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

observatory

Copy vocabulary

US / əbˈzɜ:vətri /

UK / əbˈzɜ:rvətɔ:ri /

A2
  • noun
  • Building built for studying and watching the stars

for

Copy vocabulary

US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

unrelated

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌʌnrɪˈleɪtɪd /

UK / ˌʌnrɪˈleɪtɪd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Not related; not connected
  • Not sharing a family relationship

talk

Copy vocabulary

US / tɔ:k /

UK / tɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Style of speaking
  • Discussion between two countries
  • Giving information in front of people; lecture
  • Saying things or ideas to someone with words
  • verb
  • To make a formal speech about something
  • To say things or ideas to someone with words

just

Copy vocabulary

US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

jew

Copy vocabulary

US / dʒuː /

UK / dʒuː /

C2
  • noun
  • One of a people whose religion is Judaism

cycle

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsaɪkl /

UK / ˈsaɪkəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Series of regular and repeated actions
  • Bicycle, bike
  • verb
  • To go through a series of events repeatedly
  • To ride on a bicycle

blame

Copy vocabulary

US / bleɪm /

UK / blem /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of saying someone did something bad
  • verb
  • To say someone is responsible for something bad

nobody

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈnəʊbədi /

UK / ˈnoʊbədi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • No person; no one; not any person

star

Copy vocabulary

US / stɑ:(r) /

UK / stɑr /

A1
  • noun
  • Very famous person, usually an entertainer
  • Someone who does something very well
  • Your horoscope
  • A bright planet of hot gas in the night sky
  • A 5-6 sided asterisk-shape
  • verb
  • To perform or play a main role in a movie, play
  • To do something very well
  • To mark with a 5-6 sided asterisk-shape

technically

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈteknɪkli /

UK / ˈtɛknɪkl:ɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In an exact and particular manner

telescope

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈtelɪskəʊp /

UK / ˈtelɪskoʊp /

C2
  • noun
  • Tube-shaped device used to see a great distance
  • verb
  • To shorten by compacting tubes inside each other

true

Copy vocabulary

US / tru: /

UK / tru: /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

weird

Copy vocabulary

US / wɪəd /

UK / wɪrd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Odd or unusual; surprising; strange

axis

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈæksɪs /

UK / ˈæksɪs /

B1
  • noun
  • A line about which a rotating body turns

balance

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈbæləns /

UK / ˈbæləns /

A2
  • noun
  • Instrument for weighing things
  • Being stable; having equal weight on both sides
  • Money remaining after paying costs
  • verb
  • To be steady by having equal weight on both sides
  • To make two or more things equal

exactly

Copy vocabulary

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

A1
  • adverb
  • No more and no less than; precisely

passover

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈpɑ:səʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈpæsˌovɚ /

C1
  • noun
  • Jewish religious holiday

sort

Copy vocabulary

US / sɔ:t /

UK / sɔrt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group or class of similar things or people
  • verb
  • To organize things by putting them into groups
  • To deal with things in an organized way

shift

Copy vocabulary

US / ʃɪft /

UK / ʃɪft /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
  • noun
  • A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
  • Period of work starting at a certain time
  • verb
  • To change in position or direction
  • To move something from one place to another

should

Copy vocabulary

US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

white

Copy vocabulary

US / waɪt /

UK / hwaɪt, waɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Belonging to a race of people with light skin
  • Of the color of fresh snow and milk
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • Lightest color; The color of fresh snow.

feel

Copy vocabulary

US / fi:l /

UK / fil /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

concern

Copy vocabulary

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

UK / kənˈsɚn /

A2
  • noun
  • Company, firm or business
  • Feeling of worry or anxiety
  • verb
  • To be about a particular topic
  • To have a direct impact on someone
  • To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
  • To feel worry or anxiety

memory

Copy vocabulary

US / 'memərɪ /

UK / ˈmɛməri /

A2
  • noun
  • Ability of the mind to call back past things
  • Space for the storage of information on a computer
  • Something that has been remembered

previous

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈpri:viəs /

UK / ˈpriviəs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Existing or happening before the present time

plus

Copy vocabulary

US / plʌs /

UK / plʌs /

A2
  • noun
  • A benefit or advantage
  • preposition
  • In addition; add
  • In addition to; Indicates a number above
  • Having a value greater than zero

too

Copy vocabulary

US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition, also; with emphasis
  • Say that something is more than you want

totally

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈtəʊtəli /

UK / ˈtotl:ɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In a complete way; completely; absolutely

among

Copy vocabulary

US / əˈmʌŋ /

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

A1
  • preposition
  • In the center of several things

clock

Copy vocabulary

US / klɒk /

UK / klɑ:k /

A1
  • noun
  • A device that shows the time
  • verb
  • To measure the time something takes

here

Copy vocabulary

US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

lose

Copy vocabulary

US / lu:z /

UK / luz /

A1
  • verb
  • To be unable to keep in check or control something
  • To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
  • To stop having certain qualities or abilities
  • To stop having or being entitled to
  • To fail to win something that is being contested
  • To be unable to find something you once had
  • To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

new

Copy vocabulary

US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

tenth

Copy vocabulary

US / tenθ /

UK / tɛnθ /

A1
  • noun
  • 10th

christianity

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌkrɪstiˈænəti /

UK / ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti, ˌkrɪsti- /

B1
  • noun
  • Beliefs, practices based on teachings of Jesus

folk

Copy vocabulary

US / fəʊk /

UK / fok /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of ordinary people) not sophisticated
  • noun
  • Ordinary common people

use

Copy vocabulary

US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

xvi

Copy vocabulary

US / /

UK / /

A1
  • cardinal number

after

Copy vocabulary

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

guess

Copy vocabulary

US / ɡes /

UK / ɡɛs /

A1
  • noun
  • Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
  • verb
  • To give an answer without knowing if it is correct

many

Copy vocabulary

US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

thousand

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈθaʊznd /

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1,000

relate

Copy vocabulary

US / rɪ'leɪt /

UK / rɪˈlet /

A2
  • verb
  • To demonstrate a logical relationship between
  • To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
  • To tell a story, or tell about a particular event

astrophysicist

Copy vocabulary

US / ˌæstrəʊ'fɪzɪsɪst /

UK / ˌæstroʊ'fɪzɪsɪst /

A1
  • noun
  • Astronomer who studies the physical and chemical properties of objects in space

council

Copy vocabulary

US / 'kaʊnsl /

UK / ˈkaʊnsəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Group chosen to make decisions about something

calendar

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈkælɪndə(r) /

UK / ˈkæləndɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • A table showing the days, months and years

day

Copy vocabulary

US / deɪ /

UK / de /

A1
  • noun
  • A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
  • The period of time when it is light outside
  • Person's name

ever

Copy vocabulary

US / 'evə(r) /

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At any time; at all times in the future

persist

Copy vocabulary

US / pə'sɪst /

UK / pɚˈsɪst, -ˈzɪst /

B1
  • verb
  • To continue a course of action despite opposition

third

Copy vocabulary

US / θɜ:d /

UK / θɜ:rd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 3rd: Number after second

sure

Copy vocabulary

US / ʃʊə(r) /

UK / ʃʊr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having no doubts about something
  • Have confidence in your own words or actions
  • Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
  • Being correct or true
  • adverb
  • What you say to agree willingly

divide

Copy vocabulary

US / dɪ'vaɪd /

UK / dɪˈvaɪd /

A2
  • verb
  • To split numbers by another number, e.g. 6 / 2 = 3
  • To separate something into equal pieces

four

Copy vocabulary

US / fɔ:(r) /

UK / fɔr, for /

A1
  • number
  • 4

probably

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

A1
  • adverb
  • That is likely to happen or be true

once

Copy vocabulary

US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

sunday

Copy vocabulary

US / ˈsʌndeɪ /

UK / ˈsʌndi, -ˌde /

A1
  • noun
  • Seventh day of the week, the day after Saturday

wait

Copy vocabulary

US / weɪt /

UK / wet /

A1
  • verb
  • To delay or not do something until later
  • To spend time until an expected thing happens
  • To remain in a place until a thing happens
  • Subtitles section
  • So Chuck, did we ever have a conversation about leap days?
  • I don't, you know, I have a vague memory, but maybe it just slipped into other explainers.
  • I was going to say, we've discussed it, but not specifically.
  • Not on its own terms.
  • It's not like, son, I'd like to talk to you about leap days.
  • Oh no, come on.
  • The time has come.
  • You're old enough now to know about leap days.
  • People seem to be mystified by it, right?
  • The day just shows up in the calendar.
  • And... It seems very arbitrary.
  • It does feel arbitrary, like some high council decided that February needed a day.
  • Exactly.
  • It's very simple.
  • Very simple.
  • Okay.
  • Okay?
  • So, the time it takes Earth to spin once on its axis, what do we call that?
  • A day.
  • A day.
  • Are you sure?
  • Well, it should be.
  • It should be.
  • Why not?
  • I mean, why not?
  • Okay, so it's a day.
  • That's a day.
  • Okay.
  • Earth also goes around the sun.
  • Right.
  • How long does that take?
  • That's about a year.
  • It takes exactly a year.
  • Okay.
  • Exactly a year.
  • All right.
  • That's the definition of a year.
  • Of a year.
  • There's no law in the heavens that requires the rotation of the Earth to divide evenly into the time it takes for Earth to go around the sun.
  • That's true, okay.
  • They're totally unrelated phenomena.
  • So we count days by rotation of the Earth, we count years by revolution around the sun, and it turns out a year lasts three hundred and sixty five of these things plus one fourth of a turn.
  • A quarter turn.
  • It's three hundred and sixty five days and six hours.
  • Six is a fourth of twenty four hours.
  • That's how long it takes Earth to go around the sun.
  • What are you gonna do?
  • That's too much.
  • So, what are you gonna do with the six hours?
  • Right, it's too much.
  • By the way, it's six hours this year and then the next year it's six hours added to the previous six hours.
  • Now you got twelve hours that you don't know what to do with.
  • Right, so it's a half a day.
  • Are you gonna celebrate the new year on a moving six hour platform
  • I'm thinking about that.
  • No, no, it's interesting, right?
  • I'm kind of thinking about that right now.
  • You don't celebrate at midnight, you celebrate at six in the morning?
  • Oh, no, forgive me.
  • Then again, that depends.
  • That's a hell of a party.
  • That's a hell of a party, man.
  • You know what I mean?
  • So the first of those years, you celebrate at six a.m.
  • Right.
  • Next year.
  • Twelve.
  • This is on the three hundred sixty sixth day, right?
  • And the next year would be like six p.m.
  • Right.
  • All right.
  • And the next year, back at midnight.
  • Yeah.
  • Okay.
  • I'm just saying.
  • That'd be kind of cool.
  • It'd be kind of dope.
  • Yeah, it would be kind of dope.
  • Just like, yeah.
  • What time is New Year this year?
  • Right, so in order to not have to do that, let's go back to ancient Rome, in the Julian calendar, they figured this out.
  • And they said, let's pocket those six hours.
  • Don't tell anybody, okay?
  • And we just celebrate the New Year early.
  • six hours early, but nobody knows.
  • Nobody knows.
  • It's just a complete day.
  • You do it at midnight.
  • We're good to go.
  • Right.
  • Okay.
  • You pocket that.
  • There you go.
  • Next year goes by.
  • Sounds so much like the Roman Senate.
  • The first year goes by, you pocket the six hours.
  • Second year goes by, pocket the six.
  • Third, pocket the six.
  • We're up to six, twelve, eighteen hours.
  • The fourth year comes around, you don't pocket that, because now you've got a full twenty four hours.
  • You put the day back in the calendar.
  • There it is.
  • The leap day.
  • Every four years, you're throwing a leap day.
  • And you give it to the neediest month.
  • I mean, why not?
  • That's the media.
  • I think in ancient Rome it wasn't Black History Month yet.
  • Oh yeah, I'm sure it was.
  • It was slave history month, right?
  • For all, everybody, because I don't care who you were in Rome, you was a slave.
  • You know what I mean?
  • You're like, wait a minute, man.
  • Is that a white slave over there?
  • Hey, brother, this is Rome.
  • So there you have that.
  • That is the fundamental origin of a leap day.
  • Right.
  • But here's what happened.
  • OK.
  • It turns out it takes a little less
  • than three hundred sixty five days and six hours to go around the sun.
  • It's not an exact six hours.
  • Well, it couldn't be, right?
  • Because that would make too much sense.
  • Right, that would make too easy.
  • Even that would be technically evenly divisible by a whole number of hours.
  • It's a little bit less.
  • Romans didn't know this.
  • They didn't know this.
  • Well, can you blame us?
  • We're using sundials, sir.
  • Oh, you and your fancy astrophysical atomic clocks.
  • What happened then, over the centuries, there were days accumulating that were not accounted for.
  • Oh, they lost days.
  • Yeah, the days that should have been reckoned and were not.
  • And they were not.
  • So, the consequence of this is that key moments in the calendar related to the universe end up shifting.
  • So, the first day of spring, the vernal equinox, March XXI, over the centuries became March XX, and then March XIX, and then March XVIII, March XVII, March XVI, March XV.
  • And they were just living with it.
  • It was marching its way early in the calendar century by century right okay, this was a concern why right cause
  • the Julian calendar with its rules for Easter, Easter because Christianity was now in charge, okay?
  • So Easter, the definition was Easter is the first Sunday after the vernal equinox.
  • Pope Gregory, we're now in like the late sixteenth century, so fifteen eighties.
  • Pope Gregory notices that Easter
  • Is moving with the equinox because it was defined by the equinox, right?
  • And there was a risk that easter would land on passover.
  • Oh, we can't have that can't have that Oh, you know, you can't have it was hard enough to get people who were might have otherwise been jewish to be christian.
  • Exactly Okay.
  • Okay.
  • Yes, exactly your eminence.
  • I believe the jews have a plot
  • to ruin the Easter.
  • So you can't have that.
  • Plus, think of what effort it took to call Sunday the Sabbath.
  • He's noticing this and said, we've got to fix this.
  • So he gets his smartest folks in his contingent.
  • Wait, the Pope has scientists?
  • Yes.
  • Get out.
  • Yes.
  • Serious, serious, highly educated scientist.
  • Okay, to this day, there's a Vatican observatory, did you know that?
  • I did not know that.
  • Yes, the popes, and who are they?
  • They are the Jesuits.
  • The Jesuits are the academic order among the orders of Christianity, of Catholicism.
  • Catholicism, okay.
  • Jesuit priests.
  • Yes, and so they founded many of the Catholic universities that persist to this day, for example.
  • He tasks them to say, fix this.
  • They study the movement of the sun, moon, and stars in the sky.
  • And they say, we have not been properly reckoning leap days.
  • And they conclude, extra leap day had accumulated every hundred years.
  • Okay.
  • Okay.
  • That's too many.
  • And that was not reckoned.
  • And that shifts the vernal equinox backwards in the calendar.
  • Okay.
  • All right.
  • In order to fix this, they said, all right, let's jumpstart it.
  • Put the equinox back on March the the first.
  • You got to put it back there.
  • That's where it belongs.
  • And what you do with autumn days?
  • Okay, by then it was on March Tenth.
  • Wow.
  • Okay, so in October, of fifteen eighty two.
  • October now.
  • October.
  • Okay.
  • They're saying time to jumpstart the system.
  • All right.
  • So they took ten days out of October.
  • Look, dude, you're the Pope.
  • You have the power to do this.
  • I'm going to say that's too much power for one man to have.
  • Just like.
  • Guess what, October.
  • You just got cut.
  • I'm sure the Pope sounded exactly like that.
  • Like angry black man.
  • Guess what October?
  • Dominus is spitter to half the month.
  • It's gone.
  • Right.
  • A third of the month is gone.
  • And you know why?
  • Because that's when we owe rent.
  • So they took ten days out of October.
  • So October, like, fifteenth followed October fourth.
  • Okay, did I get my numbers right there?
  • And you have to, like, I don't know if that was the invention of amortization, but how do you decide what rent to pay?
  • You have to sort of get the fraction of the month, divide, multiply by your rent by the fraction, and that's what you pay, okay.
  • we still stay with the four year rule, except every hundred years, which is still divisible by four, the hundred is divisible by four, every hundred years we take out the leap day that would otherwise be there.
  • There you go.
  • Now we're balancing out.
  • We're balancing out.
  • Nice.
  • Okay.
  • However, the Jesuits were badass.
  • They said, that under corrects it.
  • that under corrects it by a little bit, okay?
  • I gotta tell you, this moving New Year's Eve thing is looking real good right now.
  • So, if you look at the under correction, now it's gonna happen on an even longer time scale.
  • So what you find out is, at what rate have you under corrected it?
  • Every four hundred years, you gotta put a leap day back in.
  • Back in, uh huh.
  • Because a four hundred years is still on a hundred year cycle.
  • Right.
  • But every four, you gotta put it back in.
  • Now, who is alive to remember to do this?
  • That's what I'm saying, okay?
  • So, this was the amazing fact about the year two thousand.
  • Okay.
  • If you didn't know what I just told you, you'd say, well, of course, it's a leap day.
  • It's divisible by four.
  • Right.
  • No!
  • You know how rare that leap day is?
  • It's a century year divisible by four hundred.
  • Right.
  • That gets a leap day.
  • Nineteen hundred didn't have a leap day.
  • Eighteen hundred didn't have a leap day.
  • Seventeen hundred didn't have a leap day.
  • So no day put in.
  • Okay.
  • Sixteen hundred did because that was right after.
  • It just happened.
  • Fifteen eighty two is when it happened.
  • Exactly.
  • Sixteen hundred still got the leap day put in.
  • Behold.
  • The Gregorian calendar.
  • Look at that.
  • What a mess.
  • No, wait, wait.
  • The Jesuit priests figured that out without a telescope.
  • Oh, that's amazing.
  • Telescope was not yet invented.
  • So they just looked up at the night sky to do that?
  • Yes, and made measurements.
  • And made measurements.
  • Yes.
  • Wow, now that's impressive.
  • There you go.
  • Yeah.
  • So the leap day simply makes up for the fact that we don't count years by whole numbers of days and We got to throw in a day Every four years and not every hundred years, but then back again every four hundred years now if you're born on a leap day Oh too bad
  • Okay, so the real way to do birthdays is to know exactly where Earth is in its orbit.
  • And celebrate that moment every year.
  • And then you don't have to worry about what they call the day, what day of the week, what day of the month.
  • It's the orbital time, how do you count in time around the sun.
  • And that's your birthday.
  • That's your birthday.
  • And what else is weird is how precise we count the new year.
  • Let's go into Times Square or wherever, and you see the countdown clock, okay?
  • And then it hits midnight, but excuse me, it hits midnight for your time zone.
  • There's twenty four time zones, all right?
  • There are twenty four slices of the earth, all right?
  • And then they celebrate it, and they celebrate it, so there's nothing magical about the moment.
  • We're not all celebrating the New Year.
  • Correct.
  • You're celebrating the new year where you are.
  • Where you are.
  • And that's it.
  • Right, by an agreed upon calendric system.
  • Exactly.
  • The time frame.
  • And if you're in Times Square, you probably missed it because you were peeing in a bottle.
  • That means it's time to end this explainer.
  • On that note, this has been yet another explainer.
  • The Leap Day, more than you ever cared to freaking know about it.
  • Neil deGrasse Tyson here, your personal astrophysicist.
  • With Chuck, keep looking up.