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Rural water supplies left spewing gas | 60 Minutes Australia

Original YouTube Video | 60MinutesAU Published on 2023-12-20 Level：73 Speed：32 maxwordlevel：8

#Australia #EnglishLearning #EnvironmentalIssues

Video vocabulary

basin

US / 'beɪsn /

•

UK / ˈbesɪn /

noun
A sink; a place in a bathroom to wash your face
Hollow place created naturally to contain water

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

eighteen

US / ˌeɪˈti:n /

•

UK / eˈtin /

number
18

prove

US / pru:v /

•

UK / pruv /

verb
To demonstrate truth by providing evidence

tin

US / tɪn /

•

UK / tɪn /

noun
Metal container used for storing e.g. food
Metal that cans are often made from
Soft, shiny, white blue metal, with various uses

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

america

US / ə'merɪkə /

•

UK / əˈmɛrɪkə /

noun
The United States of America; North America and/or South America

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

minister

US / 'mɪnɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstɚ /

noun
An official who heads a government department
Person who performs Christian services

strange

US / streɪndʒ /

•

UK / strendʒ /

adjecitve
Unusual or odd; surprising because unexpected

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

asset

US / 'æset /

•

UK / ˈæsˌɛt /

noun
Thing that has value to you

honestly

US / ˈɒnɪstli /

•

UK / ˈɑnɪstli /

adverb
With truth or sincerity; I'm being honest with you

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

lucrative

US / ˈlu:krətɪv /

•

UK / ˈlukrətɪv /

adjecitve
Producing a lot of money

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

proceed

US / prəˈsi:d /

•

UK / proʊˈsi:d /

verb
To continue to do something; carry on
To go forward in a certain direction

tap

US / tæp /

•

UK / tæp /

noun
Faucet; the place you can get water from a pipe
Light hit, generally one that makes a sound
verb
To access a liquid (e.g. in a tree) through a hole
To move feet/fingers to make light regular sounds
To spy one someone electronically
To hit something or someone lightly
To remove from an object e.g. oil from the ground

death

US / deθ /

•

UK / dɛθ /

noun
When someone dies; the end of life

china

US / ˈtʃaɪnə /

•

UK / ˈtʃaɪnə /

noun
A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the wo
other
High quality porcelain originally made only in China

huge

US / hju:dʒ /

•

UK / hjudʒ /

adjecitve
Very very large

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

nose

US / nəʊz /

•

UK / noʊz /

noun
Part of the face used for breathing and smelling
Front, pointed end of e.g. airplane or rocket
verb
To push with your face so you can smell something

shocking

US / ˈʃɒkɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈʃɑkɪŋ /

adjecitve
Very upsetting due to some unexpected event
verb
To affect someone with an electrical current
To cause great surprise, horror, or anger

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

tranquil

US / ˈtræŋkwɪl /

•

UK / ˈtræŋkwəl /

adjecitve
Calm; peaceful

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

irrespective

US / ˌɪrɪ'spektɪv /

•

UK / ˌɪrɪˈspɛktɪv /

adjecitve
In spite of everything; ignoring drawbacks

mining

US / ˈmaɪnɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈmaɪnɪŋ /

noun
Act of digging to get coal, gold, silver etc.
verb
To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals

project

US / prəˈdʒekt /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

noun
A planned piece of work for specific purpose
Group of homes built by government for poor people
verb
To predict what will happen in the future
To show something on a screen using light
To stick out past the edge of something

son

US / sʌn /

•

UK / sʌn /

noun
Male child; friendly way of addressing a boy

wealth

US / welθ /

•

UK / wɛlθ /

noun
Amount of money or possessions you own, e.g. large
Great quantity, amount, or number of something

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

billion

US / ˈbɪljən /

•

UK / ˈbɪljən /

noun
Number 1,000,000,000

chris

US / dʒɒʃ /

•

UK / dʒɑ:ʃ /

crowd

US / kraʊd /

•

UK / kraʊd /

noun
Large group of people together in one place
verb
To force too many things, people into
(Lots of people) to meet together in one place

dollar

US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

noun
A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

gush

US / gʌʃ /

•

UK / ɡʌʃ /

noun
Sudden flow out of large amounts of water, etc.
verb
(Of liquids) to flow out quickly

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

cattle

US / ˈkætl /

•

UK / ˈkætl /

noun
Cows or bulls on a farm

drill

US / drɪl /

•

UK / drɪl /

noun
A machine that makes holes with a metal bit
Exercise done to learn military skills
Disciplined practice, as of soldiers marching
verb
To make a deep hole to find oil, gas etc.
To put a hole in something by using a boring tool
To train in something through repetition

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

fix

US / fɪks /

•

UK / fɪks /

noun
Answer to a problem
verb
To arrange or prepare something
To attach something so it will not move or change
To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
To make an animal unable to produce young
To make something whole or able to work again

incredibly

US / ɪnˈkredəbli /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəblɪ /

adverb
To a great degree; very; amazingly

mine

US / maɪn /

•

UK / maɪn /

noun
A bomb hidden in the ground or the sea
Rich source of material or information
Place under the ground where coal, etc. is dug out
pronoun
That thing that belongs to me
verb
To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

neurological

US / ˌnjʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkl /

•

UK / ˌnjʊrəˈlɑdʒɪkəl /

adjecitve
Concerning, used in or practicing neurology

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

relationship

US / rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp /

•

UK / rɪˈleʃənˌʃɪp /

noun
Connection between two or more people or things
Way people interact or live with each other
Romantic or loving friendship between two people

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

concoction

US / kənˈkɒkʃn /

•

UK / kənˈkɑ:kʃn /

noun
Something combining different ingredients, parts

prediction

US / prɪˈdɪkʃn /

•

UK / prɪˈdɪkʃən /

noun
A statement of what will happen next

regime

US / reɪˈʒi:m /

•

UK / reˈʒim, rɪ- /

noun
A system of management; a form of government

resist

US / rɪ'zɪst /

•

UK / rɪˈzɪst /

verb
To not be affected by e.g. a force or an effect
To fight or prevent something from happening
To refuse to accept something new or different
To stop yourself from doing, e.g. eating something

whether

US / ˈweðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

conjunction
If something will happen or not

smell

US / smel /

•

UK / smɛl /

noun
Ability to notice a particular odor
A particular odor
verb
To have a particular odor
To sense that something is not right
To notice a particular odor
To use the nose to sense something

crazy

US / 'kreɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈkrezi /

adjecitve
Mentally ill; mad
Not being sensible or practical
Really like someone or something very much
noun
Person acting in a manner that is strange and odd

chinchilla

US / tʃɪnˈtʃɪlə /

•

UK / tʃɪnˈtʃɪlə /

noun
South American grey rat-like animal
Expensive silvery grey fur of the chinchilla

deposit

US / dɪ'pɒzɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈpɑzɪt /

noun
Concentration of mineral left by a river
Part payment so that an item will be kept for you
Amount of money that is put into a bank account
verb
(Of rivers) to leave a layer of minerals, etc.
To lay down of layers, e.g. of soil, over time
To place or put something down in a certain place
To put money or valuable items in a bank

repair

US / rɪˈpeə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈper /

noun
How well cared for a thing is; physical condition
Action to fix or restore something that is broken
verb
To fix or restore something that is broken
To fix or correct the damage that one has caused

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

march

US / mɑ:tʃ /

•

UK / mɑ:rtʃ /

noun
Walk by a group of soldiers who walk in time
3rd month of the year
Music played for soldiers to walk in time to
Progress towards a future time or place
Public walk by a group to demand change
verb
To force someone to walk somewhere
(Soldiers) to walk in time with others
To walk as a group to demand some kind of change
To walk somewhere quickly often in an angry manner

law

US / lɔ: /

•

UK / lɔ /

noun
Field of study that relates to the legal profession
A rule made and enforced by a government
System or rules made by the government

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

south

US / saʊθ /

•

UK / saʊθ /

adjecitve
Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
Coming from the opposite direction from north
noun
The direction to your right of the rising sun

substantial

US / səbˈstænʃl /

•

UK / səbˈstænʃəl /

adjecitve
(Of a meal) able to satisfy your hunger; filling
Being large in degree, quantity, or size
Being strongly and firmly made or built

table

US / ˈteɪbl /

•

UK / ˈtebəl /

noun
Diagram that shows data in rows and columns
Raised flat surface you sit at to work or eat
verb
To leave an idea to be discussed at a later date

boom

US / bu:m /

•

UK / bum /

noun
Very fast increase in growth or popularity
A very loud and deep sound
verb
To experience a rapid increase in growth
To make a very loud and deep sound

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

generally

US / /

•

UK / /

adverb
Usually; as a rule; by, to or for most people

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

hydraulically

US / haɪˈdrɔːlɪk(ə)li /

•

UK / haɪˈdrɔlɪk(ə)li /

adverb
In a hydraulic manner

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

ram

US / ræm /

•

UK / ræm /

noun
Heavy device used to break through a door by force
Male sheep
verb
To hit something hard with another object
To push something forcefully into place

royalty

US / ˈrɔɪəlti /

•

UK / ˈrɔɪəlti /

noun
Members of a royal family
Percentage of the sale price paid to author/singer

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

underground

US / ˈʌndəgraʊnd /

•

UK / ˈʌndərgraʊnd /

adjecitve
(Being or living) under the surface of the earth
noun
Secret group organized to overthrow a government
Subway system, e.g. in London

carry

US / ˈkæri /

•

UK / ˈkæri /

verb
To have a child, be pregnant
To have a disease you might give to others
(Of stores) to sell a particular product
To hold something and move it to another place
To travel a long distance (sound)
To support the weight or burden of something

dream

US / dri:m /

•

UK / drim /

noun
A wish or hope for something to happen
Imagination or image of something you want
Images, thoughts, feelings experienced when asleep
verb
To wish for something to happen
To experience thoughts, images while asleep

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

tiny

US / 'taɪnɪ /

•

UK / ˈtaɪni /

adjecitve
Very, very small

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

halfway

US / ˌhɑ:fˈweɪ /

•

UK / ˌhæfˈweɪ /

adverb
A middle point between two extremes

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

potentially

US / pə'tenʃəlɪ /

•

UK / pəˈtɛnʃəlɪ /

adverb
That could happen or become reality

peaceful

US / ˈpi:sfl /

•

UK / ˈpisfəl /

adjecitve
In a calm and quiet state
Being unlikely or unwilling to act violently

raw

US / rɔ: /

•

UK / rɔ /

adjecitve
Being uncontrolled or strong, as your emotions
Being inexperienced
Being in a natural or unchanged state
(Of skin) being red and sore on the surface
(Of foods) uncooked

seriously

US / ˈsɪəriəsli /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəsli /

adverb
Involving or requiring great thought or study

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

century

US / 'sentʃərɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

noun
Period of 100 years

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

oversee

US / ˌəʊvə'si: /

•

UK / ˌovɚˈsi /

verb
To check on or manage the work of others

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

presence

US / ˈprezns /

•

UK / ˈprɛzəns /

noun
The same place or area that a person is
Ability to reach a market, group of people etc.
Something not physically seen but felt to be there
Feeling a person gives by being noticeable

salt

US / sɔ:lt /

•

UK / sɔlt /

adjecitve
Being preserved or seasoned with salt
noun
Natural white crystal used to flavor food
verb
To add salt to food in order to improve its taste
To add salt to ice in order to melt it
To preserve food by adding salt

sixty

US / 'sɪkstɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪksti /

number
60

western

US / ˈwestən /

•

UK / ˈwestərn /

adjecitve
Movies often about cowboys in the American West
Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

awful

US / ˈɔ:fl /

•

UK / ˈɔfəl /

adjecitve
Very bad; horrible; terrible

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

landowner

US / ˈlændəʊnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlændˌonɚ /

noun
Holder or proprietor of land

accord

US / ə'kɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

noun
Agreement or harmony
An agreement or treaty between countries
verb
To be in harmony or agreement; consent
To give (someone) the respect due to them

community

US / kə'mju:nətɪ /

•

UK / kəˈmjunɪti /

noun
Group of people who share a common idea or area

landholder

US / ˈlændhəʊldə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlændhoʊldər /

noun
Holder or proprietor of land

onto

US / ˈɒntə /

•

UK / ˈɑnˌtu, -tə, ˈɔn- /

preposition
Towards a certain direction/into a certain area

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

waste

US / weɪst /

•

UK / west /

noun
Materials left over after a process has finished
verb
To kill or severely harm someone
To use valuable things ineffectively

tract

US / trækt /

•

UK / trækt /

noun
A large stretch of land
System of internal body parts, e.g. the intestines
Piece of writing that communicates a certain view

blood

US / blʌd /

•

UK / blʌd /

adjecitve
Related by birth; family
noun
Red liquid in the bodies of people and animals
verb
To be initiated into something, e.g. a secret club

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

era

US / 'ɪərə /

•

UK / 'ɪrə /

noun
Period characterized by particular events, people

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

meter

US / ˈmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmitɚ /

noun
Unit of length equal to 100 cm or about 39 inches
Device for measuring things e.g. gas
Device to put money into to rent a parking place
Rhythm of a poem
verb
To measure water, etc. when it has to be paid for

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

commission

US / kə'mɪʃn /

•

UK / kəˈmɪʃən /

noun
Money paid for a service, e.g. money exchanging
An official role or title in the military
Group officially put in charge of e.g. education
Order for a specific piece of work, usually of art
verb
To hire someone, order work to be done for payment

dangerous

US / ˈdeɪndʒərəs /

•

UK / ˈdendʒərəs /

adjecitve
Involving the chance of hurt or damage; risky

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

process

US / prə'ses /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

noun
Dealing with official forms in the way required
Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
verb
To organize and use data in a computer
To deal with official forms in the way required
To prepare by treating something in a certain way
To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
To convert by putting something through a machine

pillow

US / 'pɪləʊ /

•

UK / ˈpɪlo /

noun
Soft cushion for your head on a bed/while sleeping

prospector

US / prə'spektə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌpɛktɚ /

noun
Person who searches for mineral deposits

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

loss

US / lɒs /

•

UK / lɔ:s /

noun
Friend, family, or other loved person's death
Decrease or decline in quantity or amount
Experience or state of failing to have or keep
A situation when you lose a game
Process of failing to have or keep something
Difficulty or trouble caused by someone's leaving
Situation when more money is spent than is earned

lifestyle

US / ˈlaɪfstaɪl /

•

UK / ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl /

noun
The type of life that you have; the way you live

remember

US / rɪ'membə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

verb
To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

blow

US / bləʊ /

•

UK / blo /

noun
Something that causes you difficulty or sadness
Act of making air come out of your mouth
A hit or strike from an object
verb
To move something using air
To make air come quickly out of your mouth
To clear something by forcing air through it

film

US / fɪlm /

•

UK / fɪlm /

noun
Thin layer that covers something
Movie
verb
To record moving action with a camera

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

guard

US / ɡɑ:d /

•

UK / ɡɑrd /

noun
Someone who watches a place or prevents escapes
verb
To keep watch over something to protect it

inspection

US / ɪnˈspekʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈspɛkʃən /

noun
Official examination to make sure everything is ok

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

remote

US / rɪ'məʊt /

•

UK / rɪˈmot /

adjecitve
Being far away from people, towns, etc.
(Of a possibility) being small or not likely
(Of time) far off; long ago; far in the future
Not friendly; separating yourself from others
noun
Radio device designed to operate TV, etc.

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

foot

US / fʊt /

•

UK / fʊt /

noun
Base of something such as a mountain or vase
Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

fracture

US / 'fræktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfræktʃɚ /

noun
Break in a bone, usually small
A break down in a relationship
other
To break, usually a bone
verb
To break something hard, usually a bone
To cause a break down in a relationship

gold

US / gəʊld /

•

UK / goʊld /

noun
Soft yellow metal that is very valuable
Person's name
adjecitve
Dark yellow color often seen in sunsets

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

insane

US / ɪnˈseɪn /

•

UK / ɪnˈsen /

adjecitve
Mentally ill; crazy
Being mentally disturbed
Being crazy or stupid

moment

US / 'məʊmənt /

•

UK / 'moʊmənt /

noun
Very short or brief period of time
A particular period in time

permission

US / pəˈmɪʃn /

•

UK / pɚˈmɪʃən /

noun
Right to do something as allowed by another

town

US / taʊn /

•

UK / taʊn /

noun
Small city
Part of city with shops and entertainments

whoa

US / wəʊ /

•

UK / woʊ /

exclamation
Tell someone to do something more slowly

station

US / 'steɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈsteʃən /

noun
Building, area, place used for a specific reason
A person's place in society
Place where you can catch a train or a bus
Company that broadcasts radio or TV programs
verb
(Army) to be posted to a place to perform duties
To put a person in a certain place or position

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

ready

US / 'redɪ /

•

UK / ˈrɛdi /

adjecitve
Being likely or about to do something
Being willing to do a task
verb
To prepare something for use or action

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

truck

US / trʌk /

•

UK / trʌk /

noun
Homegrown vegetables and fruit for sale
Large vehicle suitable for transporting things
Simple frame with wheels for moving things; cart
verb
To transport something on a lorry, van

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

natural

US / ˈnætʃərəl /

•

UK / ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl /

adjecitve
Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
Not made by humans; without human intervention

livelihood

US / ˈlaɪvlihʊd /

•

UK / ˈlaɪvliˌhʊd /

noun
Way someone earns money to live

passionately

US / 'pæʃənətlɪ /

•

UK / ˈpæʃənɪtlɪ /

adverb
With powerful excitement and interest

rate

US / reɪt /

•

UK / ret /

noun
Current price or cost of something
Speed or frequency of events over time
verb
To assess something or consider its qualities

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

chemical

US / ˈkemɪkl /

•

UK / ˈkɛmɪkəl /

adjecitve
Made of various elements
noun
Basic substance produced by mixing elements

deep

US / di:p /

•

UK / dip /

adjecitve
Complex and important
Extreme or intense
Going far down from the surface
Low in pitch, as a sound
adverb
At a certain distance beneath the surface

frack

US / /

•

UK / /

exclamation
Used to express annoyance, frustration, impatience, or surprise.
transitive verb
Inject liquid into (a subterranean rock formation, borehole, etc.) at high pressure so as to force o

man

US / mæn /

•

UK / mæn /

noun
Humans in general, including male and female
An adult male human being
Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
verb
To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

mate

US / meɪt /

•

UK / met /

noun
A friend who you work, live, or go to school with
Partner in a (sexual) relationship
One of a matched pair e.g. a shoe or glove
A kind of officer on a ship
other
Person your wish to, or are married to
verb
To pair a male and female so they have children
To join or fit two things together

surprised

US / səˈpraɪzd /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪzd /

adjecitve
Feeling a shock when something unexpected happens
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

wildlife

US / ˈwaɪldlaɪf /

•

UK / ˈwaɪldˌlaɪf /

noun
All wild animals

vibrant

US / ˈvaɪbrənt /

•

UK / ˈvaɪbrənt /

adjecitve
Having a lot of energy and being very active
Being very colorful or bright
Being very loud

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

fallout

US / 'fɔ:laʊt /

•

UK / ˈfɔlˌaʊt /

noun
Radioactive particles after a nuclear explosion

outrageous

US / aʊtˈreɪdʒəs /

•

UK / aʊtˈredʒəs /

adjecitve
Exceeding the usual limits; far too extreme

noise

US / nɔɪz /

•

UK / nɔɪz /

noun
Loud sounds that cause discomfort or annoyance

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

university

US / ˌju:nɪ'vɜ:sətɪ /

•

UK / ˌjunɪˈvɜrsəti /

noun
High-level educational institution; college

vital

US / 'vaɪtl /

•

UK / 'vaɪtl /

adjecitve
Needed to support life; essential
Full of life; energetic

bleed

US / bli:d /

•

UK / blid /

verb
To allow a liquid or gas to escape
To drain something such as water from a source
To flow out of something
(Of a wound, cut knee, etc.) to flow with blood
To take money from someone a little at a time

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

cheap

US / tʃi:p /

•

UK / tʃip /

adjecitve
Not costing a lot of money
Having a low quality or value
Not liking to spend money; mean; stingy

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

tara

US / ˈtɛrə /

•

UK / /

proper noun
A hill in County Meath in the Republic of Ireland, site in early times of the residence of the high

woman

US / ˈwʊmən /

•

UK / ˈwʊmən /

noun
Adult female human being

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

lloyd

US / lɔɪd /

•

UK / lɔɪd /

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

pump

US / pʌmp /

•

UK / pʌmp /

noun
A device more moving liquids
Light woman's shoe
verb
To make liquid or gas flow in a particular direction
To make water/other liquid move using a machine
To move in or out, or up and down quickly
asking for information in an indirect way

dump

US / dʌmp /

•

UK / dʌmp /

verb
To end a romantic relationship
To put something somewhere without care
To throw away as waste
To get rid of unwanted things in an illegal manner

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

robertson

US / ˈrɒbətsən /

•

UK / ˈrɑbərtsən /

pit

US / pɪt /

•

UK / pɪt /

noun
Hole in the ground
Garage area for racing cars on a circuit
Large, hard seed in the center of a fruit
verb
To use your strength, skill or wit to beat another
To make holes or marks on a surface
(Racing car) to come into a garage to change tires
To take the seed out of a fruit

valuable

US / ˈvæljuəbl /

•

UK / ˈvæljuəbəl, ˈvæljə- /

adjecitve
Being useful or important
Being worth a lot of money

australian

US / ɒˈstreɪliən /

•

UK / ɔˈstreljən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Australia
noun
People from Australia

artesian

US / a:'ti:zjən /

•

UK / a:'ti:zjən /

noun
Rising to the surface under internal hydrostatic pressure

extract

US / 'ekstrækt /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrækt /

noun
Essential ingredient of a natural thing
Part taken from a longer written work
verb
To get a substance out of a plant, etc.
To get a person to share secret information
To remove something by pulling or cutting

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

leak

US / li:k /

•

UK / lik /

noun
Act of (gas, liquid) escaping through a small hole
Information released that wasn't supposed to be
verb
(Of a tire) to have air, liquid escaping; (Of air)
To make secret information public
(Liquid) to go out of/get in through crack/opening

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

prisoner

US / 'prɪznə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɪzənɚ, ˈprɪznɚ /

noun
Someone kept in a prison as punishment for a crime

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

bloody

US / 'blʌdɪ /

•

UK / ˈblʌdi /

adjecitve
Covered or spotted with blood on the surface
A word used when swearing or cursing
Violent and causing death

critic

US / 'krɪtɪk /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪk /

noun
Person who judges (e.g. art) and gives opinions

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

region

US / 'ri:dʒən /

•

UK / ˈridʒən /

noun
Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

prepare

US / prɪˈpeə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈper /

verb
To make something ready for use

sometimes

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

adverb
Only at certain times; occasionally

tonne

US / tʌn /

•

UK / tʌn /

noun
Unit of weight equivalent to 1000 kilograms

zone

US / zəʊn /

•

UK / zoʊn /

noun
Area of space designated for a particular use
verb
To divide an area for a particular reason

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

attend

US / əˈtend /

•

UK / əˈtɛnd /

verb
To take care of someone in need
To listen or watch carefully; to concentrate
To be present at an event
To go to a place regularly

assure

US / əˈʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / əˈʃʊr /

verb
To confirm; state with certainty something is so
To make sure that something happens

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

fifteen

US / ˌfɪfˈti:n /

•

UK / fɪfˈtin /

number
15

local

US / ˈləʊkl /

•

UK / ˈloʊkl /

adjecitve
Relating to a particular area, city, or town
noun
Bus or train, that stops at most stations
People who live in the area being discussed
The pub you most frequently go to

skin

US / skɪn /

•

UK / skɪn /

noun
Outer covering of an animal used for leather; hide
Outer covering of a fruit or vegetable
Outer layer of an animal or human
Outer part of an object, such as a plane
verb
To defeat someone easily and completely
To hurt yourself, accidentally cutting yourself
To remove the outer covering from an animal

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

appropriate

US / ə'prəʊprɪət /

•

UK / əˈpropriɪt /

adjecitve
Right or suitable for some situation or purpose
verb
To set aside money for a specific later purpose
To take (money or goods) without permission

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

coal

US / kəʊl /

•

UK / kol /

noun
Dark hard substance from the earth burnt as a fuel

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

beyond

US / bɪ'jɒnd /

•

UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /

adverb
On or to the farther side
In addition to
preposition
Later in time than
Out of the limits of

approval

US / əˈpru:vl /

•

UK / əˈpruvəl /

noun
Agreement that person/thing is acceptable
Positive opinion of something or someone

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

environmental

US / ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl /

•

UK / ɛnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntl:, -ˌvaɪən /

adjecitve
Of the natural world of plants and animals

monitor

US / ˈmɒnɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:nɪtə(r) /

noun
A senior student at school
Electronic screen on which you can see images
verb
To observe and keep a record of something

peter

US / ˈpi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpitɚ /

noun
Disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

woodhouse

US / ˈwʊdkʌtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwʊdˌkʌtɚ /

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

certainly

US / ˈsə:tnli /

•

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

adverb
Sure; of course

bush

US / bʊʃ /

•

UK / bʊʃ /

noun
A wooden plant that is smaller than a tree

invasion

US / ɪnˈveɪʒn /

•

UK / ɪnˈveʒən /

noun
Entry into a place to cause harm

huh

US / hʌ /

•

UK / hʌ /

exclamation
Sound people make when they are confused

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

lawyer

US / ˈlɔ:jə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlɔjɚ /

noun
Professional who helps people with the law

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

stephen

US / 'sti:vən /

•

UK / 'sti:vən /

proper noun
(c.1097–1154), grandson of William the Conqueror; king of England 1135–54. He seized the throne from

steve

US / ˈstɜ:nəm /

•

UK / ˈstɜ:rnəm /

cancer

US / 'kænsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkænsɚ /

noun
Any growth caused by abnormal cell division

clean

US / kli:n /

•

UK / klin /

adjecitve
Not marked in any way; blank
Done according to the rules or standards; fair
Free from disease or sickness
Being free from dirt or marks; washed
Behaving well; not breaking any rules; legal
adverb
Completely; entirely
verb
To make free from dirt or marks; washed
To make neat and orderly e.g. a room
To remove the inner parts of an animal

illness

US / ˈɪlnəs /

•

UK / ˈɪlnɪs /

noun
Unhealthy condition of the mind or body

legislation

US / ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌlɛdʒɪˈsleʃən /

noun
Act or process of writing and passing laws

murray

US / ˈmʌri, ˈmə:- /

•

UK / ˈmɚri /

other
A southeast Australian river; flows westward and then south into the Indian Ocean at Adelaide
Scottish philologist and the lexicographer who shaped the Oxford English Dictionary

nine

US / naɪn /

•

UK / naɪn /

number
9

monash

US / məˈmentəs /

•

UK / moʊˈmentəs /

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

release

US / rɪ'li:s /

•

UK / rɪ'li:s /

noun
Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
Relief from sadness, suffering or trouble
Act of freeing from a jail, cage, prison, etc.
verb
To free someone from a responsibility or burden
To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
To allow to leave a jail, cage, etc.; let out
To let go of something you are holding

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

spring

US / sprɪŋ /

•

UK / sprɪŋ /

noun
Coil of metal that lessens impact, e.g. on cars
Sudden jump from one place to another
The time when plants start growing after winter
Place where water flows from beneath the ground
verb
To lessen the impact of something under pressure
To jump into the air

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

conception

US / kənˈsepʃn /

•

UK / kənˈsɛpʃən /

noun
Moment when a woman's pregnancy begins
Idea about something, or how it should be

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

horizon

US / həˈraɪzn /

•

UK / həˈraɪzn /

noun
Line where the earth or sea meets the sky
Limits of someone's experience or understanding

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

resource

US / riˈsɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈriˌsɔrs, -ˌsors, -ˌzɔrs, -ˌzors, rɪˈsɔrs, -ˈsors, /

noun
Something that can be used profitably; asset
An essential supply of something
Resourcefulness; ability to deal with problems
verb
To obtain (e.g. oil, gas) from its source

frightening

US / ˈfraɪtnɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈfraɪtnɪŋ /

adjecitve
Being scary
verb
To make someone afraid or nervous

extraction

US / ɪkˈstrækʃn /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrækʃən /

noun
Process of taking something out of something else
Country, region from which a person or family came

industry

US / 'ɪndəstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈɪndəstri /

noun
Hard work; being busy working
Factories or businesses that make certain products

kid

US / kɪd /

•

UK / kɪd /

adjecitve
Made from young goat skin
noun
Child or young person
Young goat
verb
To make fun of someone in a gentle way; to tease

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

secret

US / 'si:krət /

•

UK / 'si:krət /

adjecitve
That you don't want others to know; private
noun
Information you do not want others to know

resident

US / ˈrezɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈrɛzɪdənt, -ˌdɛnt /

adjecitve
Someone who lives in a particular place
noun
Trainee doctor who works/lives in a hospital

bore

US / bɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɔr, bor /

verb
To accept (responsibilities or duties)
To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
To show (sign of something)
To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge
To make a deep hole in the ground with a drill
To make someone not interested in something

arrest

US / əˈrest /

•

UK / əˈrɛst /

noun
Act of catching people who committed crimes
verb
To attract someone's attention and hold interest
(Police) to catch and keep criminals
To stop or slow something that is happening

ask

US / ɑ:sk /

•

UK / æsk /

verb
To say to someone that you want something

dam

US / dæm /

•

UK / dæm /

noun
Wall built to stop the flow of water
verb
To build a wall to prevent a river from flowing

destabilize

US / ˌdi:'steɪbəlaɪz /

•

UK / diˈstebəˌlaɪz /

verb
To make unstable or unpredictable

land

US / lænd /

•

UK / lænd /

noun
Region or country
Earth; the ground
verb
To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
To obtain or get something that you wanted
To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

protest

US / 'prəʊtest /

•

UK / ˈproʊtɛst /

noun
Forceful argument against something
Objection to something
verb
To argue against something in a forceful way
To express a strong objection or dislike

queensland

US / 'kwi:nzlənd /

•

UK / 'kwi:nzlənd /

noun
A state in northeastern Australia

seam

US / si:m /

•

UK / sim /

noun
Line where cloth, metal etc. are joined together

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

soil

US / sɔɪl /

•

UK / sɔɪl /

noun
Conditions in which something develops
Mix of natural material in which plants grow
Land of a certain country
verb
To get or become dirty

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

dictatorship

US / ˌdɪkˈteɪtəʃɪp /

•

UK / dɪkˈtetɚˌʃɪp, ˈdɪkˌte- /

noun
Form of government with an absolute rules
Country ruled by or as if by a dictator

doubt

US / daʊt /

•

UK / daʊt /

noun
Not being sure of something; lack of certainty
verb
To question the truth or certainty of something

deteriorate

US / dɪ'tɪərɪəreɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈtɪriəˌret /

verb
To become worse in condition or value

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

opinion

US / əˈpɪnjən /

•

UK / əˈpɪnjən /

noun
Court judge's statement why a decision was made
A person's thoughts on a topic

rich

US / rɪtʃ /

•

UK / rɪtʃ /

adjecitve
Having a lot of money or valuable possessions
Containing a lot of exciting events or experiences and therefore very interesting
(of a color, sound, smell, etc.) Pleasantly deep or strong
If food is rich, it contains a large amount of oil, butter, eggs, or cream.

rip

US / rɪp /

•

UK / rɪp /

noun
A long tear in something, e.g. a piece of cloth
verb
To tear or split roughly or cause to tear or split
To become torn, opened, or split apart forcefully
To remove or take by pulling it forcefully

retest

US / ˌriːˈtest /

•

UK / ˌriːˈtest /

noun
A second medical examination
A second school examination
verb
To give another medical examination to
To take an examination again

sound

US / saʊnd /

•

UK / saʊnd /

adjecitve
Sensible, dependable and reliable
Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
Firm or solid in structure
Sane; not mentally ill
Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
noun
Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
verb
To seem or appear to be, from what was said
To say in a clear deliberate manner
To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

subject

US / 'sʌbdʒɪkt /

•

UK / ˈsʌbdʒekt /

noun
Citizen of an area or country
The person or thing that does the action of a verb
People who take part in experiments or tests
An area of study at school, e.g. math, history
What a book, article etc. is about; theme
verb
To cause to suffer or experience something

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

gavin

US / ˈgævl /

•

UK / ˈɡævəl /

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

poisonous

US / ˈpɔɪzənəs /

•

UK / ˈpɔɪzənəs /

adjecitve
Harmful; unfriendly; unpleasant
Causing sickness or death when eaten or drunk

shoot

US / ʃu:t /

•

UK / ʃut /

noun
Emerging new part of a plant
verb
To kick or throw a ball at a goal
To fire a gun; injure or kill someone with a gun
To (cause to) fly away forcefully
To use a camera to record a film/take a photograph

vast

US / vɑ:st /

•

UK / væst /

adjecitve
Being very large in size or amount

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

compensation

US / ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmpənˈseʃən /

noun
(Money) given or received as payment for loss

farm

US / fɑ:m /

•

UK / fɑ:rm /

noun
Land used for growing crops or raising animals
verb
To use land for raising plants or animals for food

pear

US / peə(r) /

•

UK / per /

noun
Fruit that is pointed at top, rounded at bottom

spew

US / spju: /

•

UK / spju /

verb
To come out or push out with force

allocation

US / ˌæləˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌæləˈkeɪʃn /

noun
Sharing out of work/resources for some purpose

explode

US / ɪk'spləʊd /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplod /

verb
To express an emotion in a sudden and loud way
To increase in number or amount very quickly
To burst or cause to burst into pieces

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

industrial

US / ɪnˈdʌstriəl /

•

UK / ɪnˈdʌstriəl /

adjecitve
Concerning making things in factories

metre

US / 'mi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmitɚ /

noun
Unit of length equal to 100 cm or about 39 inches

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

probability

US / ˌprɒbəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / ˌprɑ:bəˈbɪləti /

noun
What the chances are that something will happen

vehicle

US / ˈvi:əkl /

•

UK / ˈvi:hɪkl /

noun
Machine (such as a car) used to carry things
Means of expressing, showing, or achieving

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

dependent

US / dɪˈpendənt /

•

UK / dɪˈpɛndənt /

adjecitve
Someone who relies on (financial) support

face

US / feɪs /

•

UK / fes /

noun
Side or outer surface of something
An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
Characteristics you show in public
verb
To cover a surface with something like paint
To deal with a problem or responsibilities
To look toward; point in a certain direction

fence

US / fens /

•

UK / fɛns /

noun
Wood, metal structure enclosing an area, land
verb
To enclose an area (with a wall or boundary)

generation

US / ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌdʒɛnəˈreʃən /

noun
Act or process of producing or causing something
People born and living at about the same time

light

US / laɪt /

•

UK / laɪt /

adjecitve
Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
Being pale and lacking darkness of color
Not heavy; weighing only a little
adverb
Carrying few bags when traveling
noun
A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
Way in which something or someone is understood
verb
To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
To provide a way to see ahead

pop

US / pɒp /

•

UK / pɑp /

adjecitve
Type of music or art popular with many people
noun
Sweet soda drink
verb
To cause something to open or burst suddenly
To go to or in a place for a brief period of time

stuff

US / stʌf /

•

UK / stʌf /

noun
Generic description for things, materials, objects
verb
To push material inside something, with force

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

dane

US / deɪn /

•

UK / den /

noun
Person from Denmark

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

ray

US / reɪ /

•

UK / re /

noun
Person's name
Lines of light coming from an object
Fish with a pointed tail and flat body

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

worth

US / wɜ:θ /

•

UK / wɚθ /

other
the financial, practical or moral value of somebody/something
having a particular value, especially in money

blame

US / bleɪm /

•

UK / blem /

noun
Act of saying someone did something bad
verb
To say someone is responsible for something bad

colorado

US / ˌkɒlə'rɑ:dəʊ /

•

UK / ˌkɑ:lə'rædoʊˌ -'rɑ:doʊ /

proper noun
A river that rises in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado and flows southwest for 1,468 miles (
A state in the central US; population 4,939,456 (est. 2008); capital, Denver. Colorado extends from
A river that flows east for 900 miles (1,450 km) across Texas, from the Llano Estacado to the Gulf o

darling

US / 'dɑ:lɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdɑrlɪŋ /

noun
Dearly loved person

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

vigorous

US / ˈvɪgərəs /

•

UK / ˈvɪɡərəs /

adjecitve
Having energy, strength, or good health
Done with or using a lot of energy or strength

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

concern

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

noun
Company, firm or business
Feeling of worry or anxiety
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

castle

US / ˈkɑ:sl /

•

UK / ˈkæsl /

noun
Large defensive building in historical times

disposal

US / dɪˈspəʊzl /

•

UK / dɪˈspozəl /

noun
Act of giving or throwing something away

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

india

US / 'ɪndɪə /

•

UK / ˈɪndɪə /

proper noun
A country in southern Asia that occupies the greater part of the Indian subcontinent; population 1,3

healthy

US / ˈhelθi /

•

UK / ˈhɛlθi /

adjecitve
In good condition physically, or financially; well

importantly

US / ɪmˈpɔːtntli /

•

UK / ɪmˈpɔːrtntli /

adverb
In an important way;

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

totally

US / ˈtəʊtəli /

•

UK / ˈtotl:ɪ /

adverb
In a complete way; completely; absolutely

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

plunder

US / 'plʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈplʌndɚ /

noun
Things taken violently or by force
verb
To take steal forcefully and unlawfully in wartime

sanctuary

US / 'sæŋktʃʊərɪ /

•

UK / ˈsæŋktʃuˌɛri /

noun
Place to find rest and relaxation
Area used for protecting wildlife

sand

US / sænd /

•

UK / sænd /

noun
Area composed of tiny pieces of rock near an ocean
Small pieces of rock that make beaches and deserts
verb
To cover a surface with grit e.g. roads
To smoothen a surface with sandpaper

scenario

US / sɪˈnɑː.ri.əʊ /

•

UK / səˈner.i.oʊ /

noun
An imagined sequence of events in a plan/project

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

warn

US / wɔ:n /

•

UK / wɔrn /

verb
To tell someone about possible danger

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

biodegradable

US / ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈgreɪdəbl /

•

UK / ˌbaɪoʊdɪˈgreɪdəbl /

adjecitve
Capable of being decomposed by e.g. bacteria

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

christ

US / kraɪst /

•

UK / kraɪst /

other

politician

US / ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑlɪˈtɪʃən /

noun
Someone whose job is in politics

sell

US / sel /

•

UK / sɛl /

verb
To exchange something for money
To persuade people to do, like or agree

realize

US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

verb
To become aware of or understand mentally

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

associate

US / ə'səʊʃɪeɪt /

•

UK / əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt /

adjecitve
Part of a job title indicating a junior position
noun
Partner in professional work, e.g. in law
verb
To spend time with other people; mix with
To form a connection in your mind between things

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

deny

US / dɪ'naɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈnaɪ /

verb
To refuse to allow or accept something

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

economy

US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

noun
Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

imagine

US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

•

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

verb
To think creatively about; form mental picture of

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

scott

US / skɔt /

•

UK / skɑt /

other
Award-winning United States film actor

toxic

US / ˈtɒksɪk /

•

UK / ˈtɑksɪk /

adjecitve
Poisonous; harmful
(Of relationships) harmful; causing conflict

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

balance

US / ˈbæləns /

•

UK / ˈbæləns /

noun
Instrument for weighing things
Being stable; having equal weight on both sides
Money remaining after paying costs
verb
To be steady by having equal weight on both sides
To make two or more things equal

afraid

US / əˈfreɪd /

•

UK / əˈfred /

adjecitve
Worried that something bad will happen; scared

australia

US / ɒˈstreɪliə /

•

UK / ɔːˈstreɪliə /

noun
The smallest continent; between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

jesus

US / ˈdʒi:zəs /

•

UK / ˈdʒizəs /

exclamation
An oath used to express irritation, dismay, or surprise.
proper noun
The central figure of the Christian religion. Jesus conducted a mission of preaching and healing (wi

pollutant

US / pəˈlu:tənt /

•

UK / pəˈlutn:t /

noun
Toxic substance harmful to the environment

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

contract

US / 'kɒntrækt /

•

UK / 'kɑ:ntrækt /

noun
Legal agreement, e.g. for doing work for money
Agreement to pay someone to kill a person
verb
To become ill as a result of getting a disease
To make an agreement for doing work for money
To reduce in size, length due to heat loss
To reduce the amount of

pot

US / pɒt /

•

UK / pɑt /

noun
Container designed to hold or store something
Deep, round container that is used for cooking
Large, significant quantity of something
Slang name for marijuana
Net pocket at the corners, etc. of a snooker table
Money that can be won in a card game or a bet
verb
To plant something in a container filled with soil
To hit a ball into a table pocket in snooker

reality

US / rɪ'ælətɪ /

•

UK / riˈælɪti /

noun
What is true, as opposed to what is imagined

true

US / tru: /

•

UK / tru: /

adjecitve
Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

fire

US / 'faɪə(r) /

•

UK / faɪr /

noun
Heat and the flame produced when burning
Intense energy for or about something
verb
To apply heat to something to make it hard
To make a person leave their job; dismiss
To shoot a gun or weapon
To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
To start working on something e.g. a project

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

practice

US / 'præktɪs /

•

UK / ˈpræktɪs /

noun
The office and place for legal or medical work
Doing something many times to become better at it
verb
To work as a doctor or lawyer
To live according to the teachings of a religion
To do something many times to improve a skill

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

district

US / 'dɪstrɪkt /

•

UK / ˈdɪstrɪkt /

noun
Area of a country, city, or town

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

serious

US / ˈsɪəriəs /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

adjecitve
Giving something great energy or sincerity
Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
Being sincere about something; not joking

win

US / wɪn /

•

UK / wɪn /

noun
Success in beating the other team or competitors
Success in a game or contest
verb
To get something as a prize because of a success
To gain something you want because of your efforts
To succeed in a game or contest

bill

US / bɪl /

•

UK / bɪl /

noun
Plan for a new law being discussed by a government
Sign or poster advertising something
Paper money; a bank note
Piece of paper showing what you have to pay
Hard, often pointed part of a bird's mouth
Person's name
verb
To request payment by handing over an invoice

claim

US / kleɪm /

•

UK / klem /

noun
Demand for something that is believed to be due
Something said to be true when others don't agree
verb
To demand something that is believed to be due
To cause someone's life to come to an end
To say something is true when others may not agree

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

beef

US / bi:f /

•

UK / bif /

noun
Red meat from cows

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

exclusion

US / ɪkˈsklu:ʒn /

•

UK / ɪkˈskluʒən /

noun
Act of preventing someone from taking part

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

mayor

US / meə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmeɪər /

noun
Head of a town or city government

suddenly

US / ˈsʌdənli /

•

UK / ˈsʌdn:lɪ /

adverb
In an unexpected or very quick manner

beneath

US / bɪ'ni:θ /

•

UK / bɪˈniθ /

preposition
Not worthy of you; not good enough for you
Under; In or to a lower position; below

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

closely

US / 'kləʊslɪ /

•

UK / ˈkloslɪ /

adverb
In a careful manner
Nearby; just next to

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

backyard

US / ˌbækˈjɑ:d /

•

UK / ˌbækˈjɑ:rd /

adjecitve
Made in an amateurish or non-professional way
noun
Yard or garden behind a house

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

impact

US / 'ɪmpækt /

•

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

noun
A striking effect or result to hit with force
Very strong influence
Act or force of one thing hitting something else
verb
To hit or strike someone or something with force

independent

US / ˌɪndɪˈpendənt /

•

UK / ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt /

adjecitve
Making your own decisions; acting by yourself
noun
A person not connected to a political party

health

US / helθ /

•

UK / hɛlθ /

noun
(Person, company) being in a good condition; well

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

vein

US / veɪn /

•

UK / ven /

noun
Tube that returns blood from the body to the heart
Mood or particular turn of mind
Thin line of something that has a different color

groundwater

US / ˈgraʊndwɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɡraʊndˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ /

noun
Water beneath the earth's surface, often between saturated soil and rock, that supplies wells and sp

house

US / haʊs /

•

UK / haʊs /

noun
Place where a specific activity or business occurs
Building in which a family, person lives
verb
To give someone a place to live
To contain or store something

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

she

US / ʃɪ /

•

UK / ʃi /

pronoun
Female person or animal mentioned before
(Refers to female person mentioned before)

sink

US / sɪŋk /

•

UK / sɪŋk /

noun
Large bowl in a kitchen or washroom for washing
verb
To push something down into the ground
To dig (a well)
To move down toward a lower point
To decrease in value or amount

thirty

US / 'θɜ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈθə:ti /

number
30

Introduction to Video Content

The video titled 'Rural water supplies left spewing gas | 60 Minutes Australia' sheds light on a concerning issue happening right in our backyard. In Queensland's Central West, a war is brewing between angry locals and big gas companies. These companies, with the consent and approval of the government, are taking over properties, sinking wells without permission, and threatening livelihoods. To make matters worse, the gas extraction process is causing water supplies to spew out gas, posing serious health and environmental risks. Gas has become Australia's new gold, and the rush to extract it is reminiscent of the gold rush era. However, for local landowners like Kate and Scott Lloyd, this extraction is happening beneath their feet whether they like it or not. This article delves into the issues surrounding gas extraction in the Western Downs region of Queensland, highlighting the concerns of local residents and the impact on their lives.

Subtitles section

How's this for a raw deal?

A big company marches onto your land, sinks a well without your permission, then proceeds to threaten your livelihood.

And it does it all with the consent and approval of the government.

Now, this would be bad enough if it was happening halfway across the world in some tin pot dictatorship.

But this is happening in our backyard.

And it's our laws and our politicians who are letting it happen.

You're under arrest.

This is a citizen's arrest.

Out in Queensland's Central West, it's war.

You've been dumping toxic waste all up that road.

I've been filming you.

A war that's pitting angry locals against the big gas companies.

It's pretty high.

I don't even like being here, mate.

I think we should get out of here, man.

That's a lot of gas coming out of there, mate.

Properties are being taken over.

No, the levels are high, man.

Let's go.

Can you smell it?

I can smell it.

Come, let's get out of here.

And now their water supplies are spewing out gas.

That is gas.

That's... That's outrageous, really, isn't it?

It is.

It's insane.

Gas is Australia's new gold.

And just like the gold rush era of the eighteen fifties, nearly every backyard in Queensland's Western Downs is being plundered by twenty first century prospectors.

Sixty of these, huh?

It's a worst case scenario, I hope.

I hope.

The trouble is, for local landowners like Kate and Scott Lloyd, it's happening under their feet whether they like it or not.

You had people coming here saying that they would potentially move your house if there was gas under it.

Did they actually say that?

They did.

The Lloyds run beef cattle on eight thousand acres just outside the town of Chinchilla.

And their property, like so many others in the district, sits on rich deposits of coal and gas.

Imagine this, you've found your own slice of heaven, a few acres in the country where you've set up home.

It's tranquil, it's peaceful, and you're living the dream.

Then one day, the gas company calls, and it's not to read the meter.

They've come to tell you, not ask you, tell you they're going to build this, a gas well right in your own backyard.

And the law says there's nothing you can do to stop them.

There's no, oh, we won't drill in this area.

It's an exclusion zone.

It's just that if there's gas there, you know, it's our sort of thing and we'll take it, yeah.

What do you say when you hear that?

Oh, it's just the relationship from there on just Deteriorated.

And pear shaped and yeah, it did get, it just went, it was pretty awful, yeah.

Is that the point also when you realise you've lost control of your own property?

That's exactly right, yeah.

In Australia, most land, irrespective of who owns it, is subject to being mined if it sits on valuable resources.

And here, it's coal seam gas, found in the deep veins of coal metres beneath the ground.

It's in vast tracts of Queensland and all over Australia.

Coal seam gas wells are already being drilled in Western Australia and New South Wales.

We see it as a very important industry for future job creation and wealth creation here in Queensland.

Gas companies have signed contracts worth up to one hundred billion dollars to supply gas to a number of countries for the next twenty years.

According to Queensland's Mines Minister Stephen Robertson, it's an industry that has a long life.

It's an industry that, just in terms of royalties that will come to government, worth around about eight hundred and fifty million dollars.

But I think more importantly, if all of the projects go ahead, we're looking at around about eighteen thousand new jobs.

So it's worth money and it's worth jobs, but for how long?

Well, as long as the resource lasts, and the predictions are that Queensland's coal resources have a horizon of at least two hundred years.

To date, gas companies are planning to drill thirty to forty thousand wells in this area, and about fifteen hundred dollars a well is paid in compensation.

But it is an invasion few landowners are prepared for.

We are going to be a prisoner in our own hand.

They are going to rip it out of the ground as fast as they can.

They're going to sell it to China and India and so on as cheap as they can.

And they're going to leave your area an industrial wasteland.

At a town meeting we called, local residents were angry.

You better wake up and smell the roses because all we're smelling at the moment is bloody gas.

I feel it's the most one sided legislation I've ever been associated with in twenty seven years of practice.

Peter Shannon is the Bush lawyer every town should have, passionately fighting what he sees as a serious injustice.

If you haven't been associated with mining or the gas industry generally, you live in a dream world of thinking that your land is your castle.

Most of the landholders that you're dealing with, did they ever think that this would happen to them?

I don't think there's been the remotest conception of the reality that is now facing them.

And it's incredibly destabilising to them because they have built generations, they've built lifestyles, they've had plans, they've had plans for their futures and their kids' futures.

Without doubt, these are lucrative deals for the Queensland government.

But coal seam gas mining has been blamed for shocking health and environmental impacts.

I'm fifty four and she's fifty nine.

She's changed.

She's changed so much.

In Rythyl, Colorado, Steve believes his wife Chris has gone from being a healthy, vibrant woman to this because of the pollutants caused by gas mining.

I was afraid she was going to bleed to death.

She'd wake up in the morning and she would be covered in blood.

Her nose would be bleeding just like crazy.

The pillow was covered with blood.

Critics claim illnesses, including cancers and neurological disorders, are a result of the gas extraction process.

In what's called fracking, a concoction of chemicals and sand are hydraulically rammed into the well to fracture the coal seam and release the gas.

The chemicals used are a closely guarded secret by mining industry officials.

Do you know what's put down into those wells?

Yes.

Do you know what chemicals are used?

Not totally, no.

Shouldn't you?

Shouldn't you know what chemicals they hydraulically ram down those wells?

Well, what I'm assured about is that the processes that they employ are appropriate processes for the extraction of that coal seam gas.

And America has seen more fallout.

Household taps suddenly gushing gas as well as water.

Whoa, Jesus Christ.

And backyard gas wells exploding.

We heard this pop, and then our son called.

He said that the well was on fire.

It was blowing right that way.

And then the fire trucks came, but they waited way down because there was nothing they could do.

All of which makes the Queensland locals nervous about the same well springing up here.

That's an example of a very dangerous gas well.

And they're concerned enough to be carrying out their own inspections.

OK, highest rating again.

Since these videos were shot, the gas companies have been forced to retest and repair wells that have been leaking.

I don't want to be here, mate.

No, that'll do for today.

I've seen enough, mate.

I do not want to be around this well at all.

I don't want to start a vehicle near it, mate.

And here at a water bore on a farm near Chinchilla, something very strange is happening.

Now obviously we're getting substantial amounts of gas.

Is that gas that's making that gurgling noise?

That's the gurgling noise you're hearing.

Local Dane Kretzky says since mining began nearby, the bore is spewing more gas than water.

Are you ready for this?

And just to prove it, when you light it, it does this.

When you look at that, you realize that something is seriously wrong.

Well, you can't deny it.

The question is, what's caused that to happen?

You can go on balance of probability, and it seems to me that it's not a natural event.

You can hear it, it's got that angry, I'm going to blow any minute sound.

Gavin Mudd is a hydrogeologist from Monash University.

He warns that coal seam gas mining has the potential to impact Australia's huge reserves of underground water.

A lot of the communities around here are dependent on groundwater and the coal seams are very close to where people are pumping groundwater from.

What is the worst case scenario as far as you're concerned?

The worst case scenario, I think, to be frank, is really the long term impacts on the Great Artesian Basin.

Doesn't that mining fracture the water table?

That's one of the allegations that is made.

Is that not true?

Well, no.

That's one of the allegations that is made.

That is why we put in place the independent Queensland Water Commission to oversee that.

But is it not true?

Are you saying it's not true?

Or are you saying you don't know?

No, no.

There is a body of opinion that says that once the water is extracted out of the coal seam, that that causes water to be released from the Artesian Basin.

There is another body of opinion that says that that is not the case.

See, these are vital things to know before any of this should be taking place.

And you don't know.

No.

What we've got in place is a very vigorous monitoring regime.

When gas wells are drilled, thousands of megalitres of water are released, along with tonnes of salt, none of which can go back into the soil.

We look into history.

We stuffed up the Murray Darling Basin from over allocation.

It's costing us hundreds of millions of dollars now to fix.

We don't want the same thing to happen to the gas industry.

I don't want my kids having to pay the bill for the stuff ups that happened today.

The gas companies declined to attend our town meeting.

We have enormous wealth of asset right beneath our feet.

It was left to local mayor Ray Brown to face a sometimes angry crowd.

Why don't the government come clean?

This is very poisonous, dangerous thing you're doing to the farmer's water.

Look, even as late as today I've been assured in the fracking process they use in Australia a biodegradable presence.

Now they don't frack a lot.

But they frack.

They do frack.

from what I understand.

It is disposal of toxic water that ran into my dam.

This is the biggest single issue that we've seen in this country ever.

We're concerned about the future of this area.

We won't have an area in twenty or thirty years once this mining's come and taken away from us.

But protest as they might, the mining companies have all the power.

And as Kate Woodhouse found out, even what looks like a win has ended in a loss.

I was quite surprised.

I honestly thought that I owned this land and obviously I own a lot less of it than I realised.

Kate runs a wildlife sanctuary on fifteen acres near the Western Downs tiny town of Tara.

She resisted moves to put a well on her property.

So, the gas company simply built one across the road.

How far is this from your home?

Less than two hundred metres.

That's pretty close.

It certainly is, especially when it's going to have a pumping station set up next to it and who knows what we'll get there.

Ah, so there's more to come.

For most of us, our home is our castle.

But with a resources boom now driving the Australian economy, it's to be remembered what we own is only skin deep.

It's bigger than Scott and I and this property.

There's potential there to have a devastating impact on our whole region.

It's gone beyond your fence.

It has.

It has gone beyond our fence and it's frightening.