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Companies, countries battle to develop quantum computers | 60 Minutes

Original YouTube Video | 60minutes Published on 2023-12-04 Level：84 Speed：22 maxwordlevel：5

#Future #FutureTech #Revolution #Science #TechnologyAdvancements

Video vocabulary

replace

US / rɪ'pleɪs /

•

UK / rɪˈples /

verb
To use instead of something else
To return an item to its original location

technology

US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

•

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

noun
Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

traditional

US / trəˈdɪʃənl /

•

UK / trəˈdɪʃənəl /

adjecitve
Involved in a custom or event common to a people

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

maze

US / meɪz /

•

UK / mez /

noun
Network of paths you have to make your way through
Collection of things that are hard to understand

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

vibe

US / vaɪb /

•

UK / vaɪb /

noun
Distinct emotional aura experienced instinctively

period

US / ˈpɪəriəd /

•

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

noun
Set amount of time during which events take place
A way to emphasize what you will say
A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
A menstrual cycle
A set time for a class to be held

limit

US / 'lɪmɪt /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪt /

noun
Point beyond which it is not possible to go
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

window

US / ˈwɪndəʊ /

•

UK / ˈwɪndoʊ /

noun
Opening in a wall or door to let in light
Opening in a wall through which people do business

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

capability

US / ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / ˌkeɪpə'bɪləti /

noun
Means, ability, or potential to do something

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

difference

US / 'dɪfrəns /

•

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

noun
A thing or issue that people do not agree about
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

operationally

US / /

•

UK / /

adverb
In respect to operation

standard

US / 'stændəd /

•

UK / ˈstændəd /

adjecitve
Being the accepted normal level of quality
(Of a language) being the most accepted in a place
noun
Official unit of measuring something
Principle of behaving in a moral way

climb

US / klaɪm /

•

UK / klaɪm /

noun
A trip up something, e.g. a mountain
Increase or a rise toward a higher price or point
verb
To rise gradually and steadily to a higher point
To increase or rise toward a higher price or point

molecule

US / ˈmɒlɪkju:l /

•

UK / ˈmɑlɪˌkjul /

noun
Two or more atoms chemically combined

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

predict

US / prɪ'dɪkt /

•

UK / prɪˈdɪkt /

verb
To guess or estimate what will or might happen

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

path

US / pɑ:θ /

•

UK / pæθ, pɑθ /

noun
Method of living leading to a particular result
Track made with stones, by walking over the ground

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

identify

US / aɪ'dentɪfaɪ /

•

UK / aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ /

verb
To indicate who or what someone or something is

surface

US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

•

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

adjecitve
Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
noun
Top layer of the ground or of water
Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
Outside or upper layer of something
verb
To give (road) a top layer
To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
To come to the top of something; emerge
To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

ready

US / 'redɪ /

•

UK / ˈrɛdi /

adjecitve
Being likely or about to do something
Being willing to do a task
verb
To prepare something for use or action

electromagnetic

US / ɪˌlektrəʊmægˈnetɪk /

•

UK / ɪˌlektroʊmægˈnetɪk /

adjecitve
Having magnetic and electrical parts

researcher

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈsətʃɚ /

noun
Someone who works to find new facts and ideas

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

advance

US / əd'vɑ:ns /

•

UK / ædˈvæns /

noun
Forward movement by an army
An attempt to seduce someone
verb
(Of an army) to move forward
To change or improve
To increase in price or value
To move forward in a certain direction
To try to seduce someone

map

US / mæp /

•

UK / mæp /

noun
Diagram showing the geography of an area
verb
To draw a diagram to show the geography of an area
To find points of similarity between things

solution

US / səˈlu:ʃn /

•

UK / səˈluʃən /

noun
Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
Way to solve or deal with a problem

answer

US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈænsɚ /

noun
Reply to a question someone asks
Solution to a problem or test question
verb
To reply to a question someone asks
To solve a test question or a problem

program

US / 'prəʊɡræm /

•

UK / ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm /

noun
Small book of events in a play, concert or movie
A plan or schedule of events
Series of classes at a college or university
A computer application
TV show
verb
To make someone act or think in a certain way
To write computer code for a piece of software

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

efficient

US / ɪˈfɪʃnt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɪʃənt /

adjecitve
Able to produce results without waste

deep

US / di:p /

•

UK / dip /

adjecitve
Complex and important
Extreme or intense
Going far down from the surface
Low in pitch, as a sound
adverb
At a certain distance beneath the surface

spanish

US / ˈspænɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈspænɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Spain

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

accustom

US / əˈkʌstəm /

•

UK / əˈkʌstəm /

transitive verb
Make (someone or something) accept something as normal or usual.

rate

US / reɪt /

•

UK / ret /

noun
Current price or cost of something
Speed or frequency of events over time
verb
To assess something or consider its qualities

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

confident

US / ˈkɒnfɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnfɪdənt /

adjecitve
Feeling that you can do well at something

below

US / bɪ'ləʊ /

•

UK / bɪˈlo /

preposition
In a lower position, place, or level

goal

US / ɡəʊl /

•

UK / ɡol /

noun
Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
(Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
(Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

karina

US / /

•

UK / /

wall

US / wɔ:l /

•

UK / wɔl /

noun
High, flat side of a room or building

patient

US / 'peɪʃnt /

•

UK / ˈpeʃənt /

adjecitve
Not getting annoyed when things take a long time
noun
Person who receives medical treatment or care

quote

US / kwəʊt /

•

UK / kwot /

noun
Written statement of the cost of something
The (often wise or famous) words of another person
verb
To tell someone how much a task will cost
To repeat precisely what a person said or wrote

exponential

US / ˌekspəˈnenʃl /

•

UK / ˌɛkspəˈnɛnʃəl /

adjecitve
(Of an increase) at a faster and faster rate

click

US / klɪk /

•

UK / klɪk /

noun
The sound a computer mouse makes when you press it
A short, slight, and sharp sound
verb
To work well with someone or something
To press a computer mouse
To make a short, slight, and sharp sound

universe

US / ˈju:nɪvɜ:s /

•

UK / ˈjunəˌvɚs /

noun
All of space that contains planets and stars
Things surrounding a person, affecting their life

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

university

US / ˌju:nɪ'vɜ:sətɪ /

•

UK / ˌjunɪˈvɜrsəti /

noun
High-level educational institution; college

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

reverse

US / rɪ'vɜ:s /

•

UK / rɪˈvɚs /

noun
Setting that makes the vehicle go backward
(Drive a vehicle) backward gear of a vehicle
Instance of a significant change, for the worse
In a backwards order
Back part or side of something
verb
To drive a vehicle backward
To change to an opposite state, way or condition
To change back to a previous or normal condition
To change something to its opposite

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

workable

US / ˈwɜ:kəbl /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:rkəbl /

adjecitve
(Plan or system) that can be used; practical
Able to be done with current means and resources

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

cancer

US / 'kænsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkænsɚ /

noun
Any growth caused by abnormal cell division

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

trick

US / trɪk /

•

UK / trɪk /

adjecitve
Not reliable; likely to deceive you
noun
Act of trying to fool someone
Quick or skillful way of doing something
Something done to make someone laugh
verb
To fool someone in order to obtain a result
To playfully tease or fool to make someone laugh

prepare

US / prɪˈpeə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈper /

verb
To make something ready for use

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

squeeze

US / skwi:z /

•

UK / skwiz /

noun
Amount of liquid from firmly pressing e.g. orange
Act of putting pressure on, as to get liquid out
When there is not enough space for things/people
Act of firmly pressing on two or more sides
verb
To force or threaten someone to give you something
To strongly compress something to get liquid out
To be pressed together or crowded into an area
To press together the opposite sides of something
To reduce the amount of something

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

intelligence

US / ɪn'telɪdʒəns /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛlədʒəns /

adjecitve
Of the spying services; acting in secrecy
noun
Collection of secret information about something
Ability to learn things or to consider situations

nine

US / naɪn /

•

UK / naɪn /

number
9

abandon

US / ə'bændən /

•

UK / əˈbændən /

noun
Wild, carefree behavior
verb
To discard or intentionally get rid of an item
To withdraw your support, or leave someone
To stop doing or having (hope, plans); give up
To leave a place, car and not go back
To surrender to a desire, with little self-control

dozen

US / ˈdʌzn /

•

UK / ˈdʌzən /

noun
12 people or things

complex

US / 'kɒmpleks /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks /

adjecitve
Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
noun
Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
Psychological issue regarding self-image

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

double

US / 'dʌbl /

•

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

adjecitve
Concerning or intended for use by two people
Two times the amount or degree; twice
Made of two parts that are the same, similar
noun
Person that is exactly like someone else
verb
To be used for two functions at the same time
To make or become twice as much

maintain

US / meɪn'teɪn /

•

UK / menˈten /

verb
To keep saying something a certain way
To keep (machine) working by checking, repairing
To keep, exist or continue without changing

electron

US / ɪˈlektrɒn /

•

UK / ɪˈlektrɑ:n /

noun
A negatively charged particle

tree

US / tri: /

•

UK / tri /

noun
Tall green plants in a forest

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

unison

US / ˈju:nɪsn /

•

UK / ˈjunɪsən, -zən /

noun
Same pitch in two or more musical tones or voices

entirely

US / ɪnˈtaɪəli /

•

UK / ɪnˈtaɪərli /

adverb
Wholly; completely

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

magic

US / 'mædʒɪk /

•

UK / ˈmædʒɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning or involving tricks for entertainment
Being able to produce good results or success
noun
Attractive, appealing, and exciting quality
Performance of tricks for entertainment
Special ability or skill that causes success
Use of the supernatural to make things happen

electrical

US / ɪˈlektrɪkl /

•

UK / ɪˈlektrɪkl /

adjecitve
Related or connected to electricity

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

secret

US / 'si:krət /

•

UK / 'si:krət /

adjecitve
That you don't want others to know; private
noun
Information you do not want others to know

confess

US / kən'fes /

•

UK / kənˈfɛs /

verb
To admit that you did something wrong

kennedy

US / ˈkenɪdi: /

•

UK / ˈkɛnɪdi /

noun
A large airport on Long Island to the east of New York City

animation

US / ˌænɪˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌænəˈmeʃən /

noun
Movie with drawn characters

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

calculation

US / ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkælkjəˈleʃən /

noun
Process or result of using mathematics
An educated guess about something

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

cross

US / krɒs /

•

UK / krɔs, krɑs /

adjecitve
Angry and upset
From one side of something to the other
noun
(Of animals) mixture of breeds in one animal
Person's name
verb
To put one thing over another e.g. arms
To breed one type of animal or plant with another
To not to agree with someone; oppose
To go from one side of something to the other
To meet at one point

german

US / ˈdʒɜːmən /

•

UK / ˈdʒɜːrmən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Germany
noun
Person from Germany

national

US / 'næʃnəl /

•

UK / ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl /

adjecitve
Concerning a nation as a whole
noun
A person of a particular country

temperature

US / ˈtemprətʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtɛmpərəˌtʃʊr,-tʃɚ,ˈtɛmprə- /

noun
When you your body heat is above normal
How hot or cold something is, e.g. the weather

chemistry

US / 'kemɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈkɛmɪstri /

noun
The study of the structure of substances

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

august

US / ɔːˈɡʌst /

•

UK / ɔːˈɡʌst /

adjecitve
(of person) Well known and respected
noun
8th month of the year

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

economy

US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

noun
Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

digital

US / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

•

UK / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

adjecitve
Using electronic signals or computers

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

scan

US / skæn /

•

UK / skæn /

noun
A look inside the body with a special machine
verb
To look inside of the body with a special machine
To look at something very quickly for information
To look at all parts to find something
To make a digital copy of an image or a paper

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

walk

US / wɔ:k /

•

UK / wɔk /

noun
Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
verb
To move with your legs at a slowish pace

director

US / də'rektə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛktɚ, daɪ- /

noun
Senior person who manages part of an organization
Person who controls the acting in a movie or play

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

write

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

verb
To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
To invent or create a computer program
To create a song or piece of music

microsoft

US / ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp /

•

UK / ˈmaɪkrəskoʊp /

describe

US / dɪ'skraɪb /

•

UK / dɪˈskraɪb /

verb
To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something

publish

US / 'pʌblɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪʃ /

verb
To prepare and make available a book magazine etc.
To release information to the general public

code

US / kəʊd /

•

UK / kod /

noun
A password made of a set of letters or numbers
Set of rules for behavior
A secret language using secret symbols
Written part of a computer program
verb
To express information in a series of numbers
To write a secret message using secret symbols
To write programs using computer languages

additional

US / əˈdɪʃənl /

•

UK / ə'dɪʃənl /

adjecitve
Further or added

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

integrate

US / ˈɪntɪgreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɪntɪˌɡret /

verb
To combine together; make into one thing

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

enclose

US / ɪnˈkləʊz /

•

UK / ɪnˈkloʊz /

verb
To place something in a package or envelope
To surround something

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

lock

US / lɒk /

•

UK / lɑ:k /

noun
Small portion of your hair that hangs together
Place on a door, etc. that you close with a key
verb
To become fixed in place and hard to move
To use a key, code so others can't open something

route

US / ru:t /

•

UK / rut, raʊt /

noun
Way to get from one place to another place; path
Path or way that people often use
Method of achieving a certain result
verb
To send along a particular path or way

develop

US / dɪ'veləp /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

verb
To explain something in steps and in detail
To create or think of something
To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
To make a photograph from film

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

realm

US / relm /

•

UK / rɛlm /

noun
Area ruled by a king or queen
Field of knowledge or thought

regulate

US / ˈregjuleɪt /

•

UK / ˈrɛɡjəˌlet /

verb
To control something with rules or laws
To set/adjust (a clock, etc.); restrict motion in

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

compute

US / kəm'pju:t /

•

UK / kəmˈpjut /

verb
To find out by calculating or estimating

tail

US / teɪl /

•

UK / tel /

noun
Extended part at the back of an animal's body
Back or last part of something e.g. shirt
verb
To be end of (a march or parade, line)
To follow someone secretly and watch what they do

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

shiny

US / ˈʃaɪni /

•

UK / ˈʃaɪni /

adjecitve
Reflecting a lot of light; bright and smooth
Bright because of producing light

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

position

US / pəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

noun
Person's opinion or attitude about something
Specific location where someone or something is
Where you play or your role on a sports team
Person's job or status level
Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
verb
To put in a particular location or direction

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

knowledge

US / ˈnɒlɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈnɑlɪdʒ /

noun
Information, understanding, or skill

particle

US / ˈpɑ:tɪkl /

•

UK / ˈpɑrtɪkəl /

noun
Adverb or preposition that joins with a verb
Tiny piece or quantity of something

chief

US / tʃi:f /

•

UK / tʃif /

adjecitve
The one highest in authority or importance
noun
Leader of a race or group of people
The one highest in authority or importance

inside

US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

adjecitve
Being in something
Being in a building
adverb
Into a house; indoors
noun
Inner part or surface of something

race

US / reɪs /

•

UK / res /

noun
Speed contest between people, animals or vehicles
People who share physical features or culture
verb
To take part in a running or swimming competition
To move or go at a very fast pace
To take someone, something to a place very quickly

switch

US / swɪtʃ /

•

UK / swɪtʃ /

noun
A change or shift from one method to another
Thing you move to turn electrical items on or off
Thin flexible piece of wood or stick
verb
To exchange or replace something for another thing

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

realize

US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

verb
To become aware of or understand mentally

vibrate

US / vaɪˈbreɪt /

•

UK / ˈvaɪˌbret /

verb
To shake side to side quickly in small movements

science

US / 'saɪəns /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

noun
Study of the physical world, based on facts

splendour

US / ˈsplendə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsplɛndɚ /

other

coin

US / kɔɪn /

•

UK / kɔɪn /

noun
A small, flat piece of metal used as money
verb
To make coins from metal
To invent a new word that becomes popular

breakthrough

US / 'breɪkθru: /

•

UK / ˈbrekˌθru /

noun
Important discovery in doing something difficult

inconceivable

US / ˌɪnkənˈsi:vəbl /

•

UK / ˌɪnkənˈsivəbəl /

adjecitve
Totally unlikely

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

sixty

US / 'sɪkstɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪksti /

number
60

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

machine

US / mə'ʃi:n /

•

UK / məˈʃin /

noun
Piece of equipment used to do work
Powerful group who control and organize things
verb
To shape, work on something, using a device

bear

US / bɛː /

•

UK / bɛr /

noun
Large brown animal with fur that lives in forests
Someone who expects stock market to fall
verb
To accept (responsibilities or duties)
To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
To keep moving left or right while going forward
To show (sign of something)
To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge

fantastic

US / fænˈtæstɪk /

•

UK / fænˈtæstɪk /

adjecitve
Strange or unusual in design or appearance
Very large, fast or great
Hard to believe; amazing

supercomputer

US / ˈsu:pəkəmpju:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsu:pərkəmpju:tə(r) /

noun
Very powerful computer

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

upon

US / əˈpɔn, əpən /

•

UK / əˈpɑn, əˈpɔn /

preposition
More formal term for 'on'

scratch

US / skrætʃ /

•

UK / skrætʃ /

noun
Action of rubbing your skin when itchy
A small cut or mark on a surface
verb
To rub your skin with your nails to stop an itch
To make a small cut or mark on a surface

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

handle

US / 'hændl /

•

UK / ˈhændl /

noun
The part of a door you hold to open it
Thing you hold to carry or open a bag, pan etc.
verb
To cope with or take responsibility for
To control a machine, car etc.
To control or be controlled /used in a certain way
To deal with a particular situation/person; manage
To buy, sell, or move materials or goods
To hold, control, or use something with the hands
To touch objects with the hands to look at them

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

supremacy

US / su:ˈpreməsi /

•

UK / sʊˈprɛməsi /

noun
State of being greatest or best possible

fahrenheit

US / ˈfærənhaɪt /

•

UK / ˈfærənˌhaɪt /

noun
Measurement of temperature

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

store

US / stɔ:(r) /

•

UK / stɔr, stor /

noun
Place where things are kept for future use
Place where you can go to buy things
verb
To put things in a place for later use

scientist

US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

noun
Person who is trained in a science

information

US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

noun
Collection of facts and details about something

calculate

US / 'kælkjʊleɪt /

•

UK / ˈkælkjəˌlet /

verb
To find an answer using mathematics
To make an educated guess about something

onto

US / ˈɒntə /

•

UK / ˈɑnˌtu, -tə, ˈɔn- /

preposition
Towards a certain direction/into a certain area

moment

US / 'məʊmənt /

•

UK / 'moʊmənt /

noun
Very short or brief period of time
A particular period in time

model

US / ˈmɒdl /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:dl /

adjecitve
Being an excellent example of
noun
Person who wears fashion to show it to the public
A small scale copy of a full original
verb
To wear and display clothes at a fashion show
To make a small scale copy of a full original

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

ibm

US / /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
IBM is an acronym

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

mitigate

US / 'mɪtɪɡeɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɪtˌɪɡet /

verb
To make less severe or serious

classical

US / ˈklæsɪkl /

•

UK / ˈklæsɪkəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture of ancient Greece or Rome
(Of music) serious and traditional in form
Concerning ideas considered to be traditional

roadmap

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
A map of the roads

timeline

US / 'taɪmlaɪn /

•

UK / 'taɪmlaɪn /

noun
Sequence of related events arranged in time order

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

artificial

US / ˌɑ:tɪ'fɪʃl /

•

UK / ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl /

adjecitve
Dishonest, to seem fake, not sincere
(Something) made by people; not created by nature

honeywell

US / ˈhʌnid /

•

UK / ˈhʌnid /

construction

US / kən'strʌkʃn /

•

UK / kənˈstrʌkʃən /

noun
Act of building something; thing that is built
Something that is made using different parts
The way words are organized in a sentence
The way something is made or structured

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

encode

US / ɪn'kəʊd /

•

UK / ɛnˈkod /

verb
To change a message or information into code

chill

US / tʃɪl /

•

UK / tʃɪl /

noun
State of being a little cold
Feeling of fear or being frightened
Slight cold or illness that makes you shake
verb
To make something cold, e.g. a drink
To become less tense about something

clinic

US / ˈklɪnɪk /

•

UK / ˈklɪnɪk /

noun
Local medical center; department of a hospital

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

beauty

US / 'bju:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈbjuti /

noun
Something attractive that produces great pleasure
Physically or visually attractive person

boy

US / bɔɪ /

•

UK / bɔɪ /

noun
A young male person

increase

US / ɪn'kri:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈkris /

noun
Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
verb
To make or become larger in size or amount

process

US / prə'ses /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

noun
Dealing with official forms in the way required
Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
verb
To organize and use data in a computer
To deal with official forms in the way required
To prepare by treating something in a certain way
To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
To convert by putting something through a machine

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

fundamental

US / ˌfʌndəˈmentl /

•

UK / ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl /

adjecitve
Forming a necessary part, base, or core
noun
A basic part of something
(Music) the lowest note in a harmony

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

obstacle

US / ˈɒbstəkl /

•

UK / ˈɑbstəkəl /

noun
Object that blocks a path or course

surprising

US / səˈpraɪzɪŋ /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Making you feel a bit shocked because unexpected
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

powerful

US / ˈpauəful /

•

UK / ˈpaʊəfəl /

adjecitve
Having control or influence over
Having a lot of physical force, energy, strength

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

credit

US / 'kredɪt /

•

UK / ˈkrɛdɪt /

adjecitve
Having a positive amount of money
noun
System to buy something and pay for it later
Points earned instead of money
Quality of having a good reputation for a reason
Points earned towards a university degree
verb
To add a certain amount of money to a total
To recognize someone's achievements or help

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

optimist

US / ˈɒptɪmɪst /

•

UK / ˈɑ:ptɪmɪst /

noun
Someone who believes the future will be good

scale

US / skeɪl /

•

UK / skel /

noun
Size, level, or amount when compared
Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
Dimensions or size of something
verb
To change the size of but keep the proportions
To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
To remove the scales of a fish

zero

US / ˈzɪərəʊ /

•

UK / ˈzɪroʊ /

noun
Temperature when water turns to ice
number
Number 0
verb
To set a scale or other device to show 0

civilization

US / ˌsɪvəlaɪ'zeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeʃən /

noun
A highly developed society

operate

US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

verb
To control or handle something, such as a machine
To control or manage something such as a business
To be working or being used
To perform surgery on someone

tough

US / tʌf /

•

UK / tʌf /

adjecitve
(Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
Very difficult to do or deal with
Having strict standards
Being firm and not easily bent or broken
Being strong physically or mentally
Being difficult to persuade
Capable of violence

flower

US / ˈflaʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈflaʊɚ /

noun
Plant with a pretty head, e.g. a rose
verb
(Of flowers) to emerge into full shape; to bloom
To develop successfully or fully

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

disease

US / dɪˈzi:z /

•

UK / dɪˈziz /

noun
Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

ability

US / ə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / əˈbɪlɪti /

noun
The power, resources or skill to do something

represent

US / ˌreprɪ'zent /

•

UK / ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt /

verb
To depict art objects, figures, scenes; to portray
To show or describe something in a particular way
To act on behalf of others in government
To act or speak for another person or other people

protein

US / ˈprəʊti:n /

•

UK / ˈprəʊˌtiːn /

noun
Group of molecules made from amino acids

achieve

US / ə'tʃi:v /

•

UK / əˈtʃiv /

verb
To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

freeze

US / fri:z /

•

UK / friz /

noun
Sudden stop to prevent increase or decreases
Period of very cold weather under zero degrees
verb
To harden to a solid below zero degrees
To store an item of food in a cold place
To make someone to not want to communicate
To stop moving and be still; stay the same

physics

US / ˈfɪzɪks /

•

UK / ˈfɪzɪks /

other
The study of heat, light, and energy on objects

unveil

US / ˌʌnˈveɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈvel /

verb
To remove something's outer covering

invention

US / ɪnˈvenʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛnʃən /

noun
Something new that is different from other things
Power or ability to create new things
Process of creating a new device or idea

star

US / stɑ:(r) /

•

UK / stɑr /

noun
Very famous person, usually an entertainer
Someone who does something very well
Your horoscope
A bright planet of hot gas in the night sky
A 5-6 sided asterisk-shape
verb
To perform or play a main role in a movie, play
To do something very well
To mark with a 5-6 sided asterisk-shape

compete

US / kəmˈpi:t /

•

UK / kəmˈpit /

verb
To try to beat others at something, e.g. a race

structure

US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

•

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

noun
The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
verb
To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

google

US / 'ɡu:ɡl /

•

UK / 'ɡu:ɡl /

noun
A widely used search engine that uses text-matching techniques to find web pages that are important
other
Search the internet (for information) using the Google search engine

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

prevent

US / prɪ'vent /

•

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

verb
To stop something from happening or existing

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

research

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

noun
Study done to discover new ideas and facts
Work done to find or discover knowledge
verb
To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

barrier

US / 'bærɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbæriɚ /

noun
Difficult situation preventing something happening
Structure or object that stops free movement

angle

US / ˈæŋgl /

•

UK / ˈæŋɡəl /

noun
Place where two lines or surfaces meet

trial

US / ˈtraɪəl /

•

UK / ˈtraɪəl, traɪl /

adjecitve
Being made or done as a test or experiment
noun
Hearing and judgment of a case in court
Act or process of testing or experimenting
verb
To be made or done as a test or experiment

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

behaviour

US / bɪˈheɪvjə(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈhevjɚ /

noun
The way a person or thing acts; manner

transform

US / træns'fɔ:m /

•

UK / trænsˈfɔrm /

verb
To change the shape completely in a good way

pioneer

US / ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌpaɪəˈnɪr /

noun
Person exploring a new place or field of endeavor
verb
To begin or discover something new
To take part in the development of something new

crusader

US / kru:ˈseɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kruˈsedɚ /

noun
Someone who leads a campaign for a worthy cause

book

US / bʊk /

•

UK / bʊk /

noun
Thing made of pages with writing on that you read
verb
(Police) to officially record someone's crimes
To reserve (hotel room, etc.) in advance
To produce a red or yellow card to a soccer player

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

bottom

US / 'bɒtəm /

•

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

adjecitve
Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
noun
The part of your body you sit on
Lowest position, often in a company or contest
Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
Lowest level, part or point of an object
The part under something, e.g. a vase
verb
To hit the lowest part of something

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

health

US / helθ /

•

UK / hɛlθ /

noun
(Person, company) being in a good condition; well

phd

US / ˌpiː eɪtʃ ˈdiː /

•

UK / ˌpiː eɪtʃ ˈdiː /

noun
Advanced university degree; Doctor of Philosophy

solve

US / sɒlv /

•

UK / sɑ:lv /

verb
To figure out a way to handle a difficult problem

lab

US / læb /

•

UK / læb /

noun
Short for 'laboratory'

absolute

US / ˈæbsəlu:t /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlut /

adjecitve
Complete; total; pure; not limited in any way
noun
Something that is complete, total, pure, certain

similar

US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

adjecitve
Nearly the same; alike

physicist

US / ˈfɪzɪsɪst /

•

UK / ˈfɪzɪsɪst /

noun
Person who studies and works in physics

she

US / ʃɪ /

•

UK / ʃi /

pronoun
Female person or animal mentioned before
(Refers to female person mentioned before)

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

expand

US / ɪk'spænd /

•

UK / ɪkˈspænd /

verb
To make something larger in size, number, amount

language

US / ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ /

noun
Words or signs used to communicate messages

style

US / staɪl /

•

UK / staɪl /

noun
The (tasteful) way something is designed or done
verb
To shape or design something in a certain way

york

US / jɔ:k /

•

UK / jɔrk /

proper noun
A city in northern England, on the Ouse River; population 136,900 (est. 2009).
A commercial and industrial city in southeastern Pennsylvania; population 40,097 (est. 2008).
The southwestern tip of Hayes Peninsula, on Baffin Bay in Greenland. It served as a base for US expl

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

priority

US / praɪ'ɒrətɪ /

•

UK / praɪˈɔrɪti, -ˈɑr- /

noun
Thing that is more important/urgent than others

care

US / keə(r) /

•

UK / kɛr /

noun
Treatment you receive for your health or safety
Something that a person worries about
verb
To feel interest, concern, or worry
To look after someone or something

silver

US / 'sɪlvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪlvɚ /

adjecitve
Being the shiny gray color of mercury
noun
Person's name
Shiny gray color
Near white color metal with high value
Objects made from silver, such as dishes, forks
verb
To coat something with a layer of silver
To polish silver objects to make them shine

cylinder

US / ˈsɪlɪndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪləndɚ /

noun
Tube shape with flat ends

autoimmunity

US / ˌɔːtəʊɪˈmjuːnɪti /

•

UK / /

noun
Production of antibodies against the tissues of your own body; produces autoimmune disease or hypers

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

resistance

US / rɪ'zɪstəns /

•

UK / rɪˈzɪstəns /

noun
Force that stops or slows movement of something
Refusal to accept something new or different

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

glass

US / ɡlɑ:s /

•

UK / ɡlæs /

adjecitve
Being made of glass
noun
Clear hard container used for drinking
A lens for eyewear
Hard see-through material used for making windows

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

must

US / məst /

•

UK / mʌst /

noun
Something that is necessary or required
other
(Used to state that something ought to be true)
Used to say something is required or necessary

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

ultimately

US / ˈʌltɪmətli /

•

UK / ˈʌltəmɪtli /

adverb
Done or considered as the final and most important

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

city

US / 'sɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪti /

noun
Area with many buildings, roads and people

qubit

US / /

•

UK / /

other

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

exciting

US / ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ /

•

UK / ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ /

adjecitve
Creating interest, happiness or pleasurable fear
verb
To cause a reaction; make active
To make someone feel happy, interested or eager

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

computational

US / ˌkɒmpjuˈteɪʃənl /

•

UK / ˌkɑ:mpjuˈteɪʃənl /

adjecitve
Involving computation or computers

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

behave

US / bɪˈheɪv /

•

UK / bɪˈhev /

verb
To act correctly
To act in a particular way
To react in a particular way in a given case

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

dollar

US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

noun
A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

china

US / ˈtʃaɪnə /

•

UK / ˈtʃaɪnə /

noun
A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the wo
other
High quality porcelain originally made only in China

fridge

US / frɪdʒ /

•

UK / frɪdʒ /

noun
An electric cool box for keeping food fresh

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

shocking

US / ˈʃɒkɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈʃɑkɪŋ /

adjecitve
Very upsetting due to some unexpected event
verb
To affect someone with an electrical current
To cause great surprise, horror, or anger

announce

US / əˈnaʊns /

•

UK / əˈnaʊns /

verb
To make a public statement about a plan, decision

nice

US / naɪs /

•

UK / naɪs /

adjecitve
Being attractive or of high quality or value
Good or enjoyable
Being kind or friendly

exponentially

US / ˌekspə'nenʃəlɪ /

•

UK / ˌekspə'nenʃəlɪ /

adverb
(Of an increase) at a faster and faster rate

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

blindside

US / ˈblaɪndsaɪd /

•

UK / ˈblaɪndsaɪd /

verb
An attack or hit on the side the other cannot see

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

fleet

US / fli:t /

•

UK / flit /

noun
Group of ships under one commander

chip

US / tʃɪp /

•

UK / tʃɪp /

noun
Small piece that has broken off (e.g. from cup)
Piece of computer hardware that does calculations
Thin piece of fried potato or other food
Act of hitting a ball high but not very far
verb
To break a small piece off something such as a cup
To break into small pieces, often with a tool
To hit or kick a ball high but not very far

constantly

US / ˈkɒnstəntli /

•

UK / ˈkɑnstəntlɪ /

adverb
Frequently, or without pause

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

atom

US / 'ætəm /

•

UK / ˈætəm /

noun
Smallest bit that matter can be broken down into

install

US / ɪnˈstɔ:l /

•

UK / ɪnˈstɔl /

verb
To set up equipment so that it is ready to use
To place someone officially in a job position

medicine

US / ˈmedsn /

•

UK / ˈmɛdɪsɪn /

noun
Something used in treating illness or pain
Science of preventing, treating, or curing disease

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

introduce

US / ˌɪntrəˈdju:s /

•

UK / ˌɪntrəˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To open an essay to set the scene
To guide or explain something, e.g. a town
To begin the use of a new thing or practice
To make someone known to another by name
To insert or put something inside another thing

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

isolate

US / ˈaɪsəleɪt /

•

UK / ˈaɪsəˌlet /

verb
To identify, consider, or deal with separately
To keep in a place or situation apart from others
To separate something from another substance

journey

US / 'dʒɜ:nɪ /

•

UK / ˈdʒɚni /

noun
Act of traveling from one place to another; trip
verb
To travel through a place

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

room

US / ru:m /

•

UK / rum, rʊm /

noun
All of the people inside a particular room
Part of building enclosed by walls, e.g. kitchen
Opportunity to exist, happen, or be true
verb
To share a home with someone

act

US / ækt /

•

UK / ækt /

noun
What someone did; action; behavior
A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
verb
To behave in a certain way
To perform on a stage or in a movie

design

US / dɪˈzaɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

noun
The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
verb
To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
To think of a plan

encryption

US / ɪn'krɪpʃn /

•

UK / ɪn'krɪpʃn /

noun
Scrambling data into a code so it is hard to read

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

speed

US / spi:d /

•

UK / spid /

noun
How fast or slow something is or is done
verb
To move quickly when completing an action
To drive a vehicle faster than laws allow

officer

US / ˈɒfɪsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔ:fɪsə(r) /

noun
Person of high position in an organization
Person of high position in the military

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

billion

US / ˈbɪljən /

•

UK / ˈbɪljən /

noun
Number 1,000,000,000

lobby

US / ˈlɒbi /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:bi /

noun
Main entrance and waiting room of public building
Group employed to persuade people to change laws
verb
To try to persuade a government to change laws

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

painful

US / ˈpeɪnfl /

•

UK / ˈpenfəl /

adjecitve
Causing or feeling physical pain or hurt

regular

US / ˈregjələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

adjecitve
Having an equal amount of space or time in between
Occurring or being done frequently
Being normal, usual, or average
noun
Customers who frequently visit a place
Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

subatomic

US / ˌsʌbəˈtɒmɪk /

•

UK / ˌsʌbəˈtɑmɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning constituents of the atom

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

stake

US / steɪk /

•

UK / stek /

noun
Share/interest in the success of a business, etc.
Money bet in a game that can be won or lost
The share you have in a company
Post stuck in the ground you can tie things to
verb
To bet or wager on an outcome
To risk something important by taking a risk

error

US / ˈerə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛrɚ /

noun
Something that is not correct; a mistake

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

general

US / 'dʒenrəl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

adjecitve
Widespread, normal or usual
noun
Top ranked officer in the army

depend

US / dɪˈpend /

•

UK / dɪˈpend /

verb
Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)

card

US / kɑ:d /

•

UK / kɑ:rd /

noun
One of 54 pieces of paper used in a game of cards
Small piece of paper or plastic used as ID
verb
(Golf) to record how many hits you took

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

reliable

US / rɪˈlaɪəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈlaɪəbəl /

adjecitve
Being likely to be true; believable
Deserving of your trust; dependable

amazing

US / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

•

UK / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Surprising in a pleasing way
verb
To cause wonder; to surprise completely

highly

US / ˈhaɪli /

•

UK / 'haɪlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that shows approval
More than usual; to a great degree

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

piece

US / pi:s /

•

UK / pis /

noun
A counter in a board game
Small part of something larger
verb
To put items together to assemble something

quantum

US / ˈkwɒntəm /

•

UK / ˈkwɑ:ntəm /

noun
The smallest unit or amount of energy

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

nation

US / 'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈneʃən /

noun
Area or region controlled by a government and army

improvement

US / ɪmˈpru:vmənt /

•

UK / ɪmˈpruvmənt /

noun
Addition or change that makes something better

communicate

US / kə'mju:nɪkeɪt /

•

UK / kəˈmjunɪˌket /

verb
To give and exchange information

mouse

US / maʊs /

•

UK / maʊs /

noun
Small animal that has fur and a long tail
Computer device to control movement on a screen
Quiet, shy person

field

US / fi:ld /

•

UK / fild /

noun
Area of study, such as physics or biology
Piece of land used to grow crops/raise animals
Open area of land, especially without buildings
Grassed area where you play some sports
verb
To respond to something or answer a question
To catch or stop a ball during a game

cold

US / kəʊld /

•

UK / kold /

adjecitve
Having a very low temperature
Being unfriendly or lacking emotion
noun
Illness of sneezing, coughing, and a sore throat

purpose

US / 'pɜ:pəs /

•

UK / ˈpɚpəs /

noun
Reason for which something is done; aim; goal

incomprehensible

US / ɪnˌkɒmprɪˈhensəbl /

•

UK / ɪnˌkɑ:mprɪˈhensəbl /

adjecitve
Impossible to understand or comprehend

cool

US / ku:l /

•

UK / kul /

adjecitve
Steady and calm when facing difficulties
Almost cold; not warm or hot
Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
verb
To make something decrease in temperature
(Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

atomic

US / əˈtɒmɪk /

•

UK / əˈtɑ:mɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning atoms

seal

US / si:l /

•

UK / sil /

noun
Large fish-eating animal that lives on sea or land
Official mark made in hot wax to close a document
Piece of rubber used to keep water, dirt out
verb
To close tightly to protect it from leaking
To close an envelop or package
To cover a surface with a substance to protect it

definitely

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

adverb
Without question; beyond doubt

extend

US / ɪkˈstend /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɛnd /

verb
To offer something (help, friendship) to someone
To reach from one point to another
To straighten or stretch something out, e.g. leg
To make something last longer

statement

US / ˈsteɪtmənt /

•

UK / ˈstetmənt /

noun
Record of activity in a bank account over time
Act or process of saying something formally

computer

US / kəmˈpju:tə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpjutɚ /

noun
Machine for storing data, accessing the internet

california

US / ˌkælɪ'fɔ:njə, -'fɔ:ni:ə /

•

UK / ˌkælɪ'fɔ:rnjəˌ -'fɔ:rni:ə /

noun
A state in the western United States on the Pacific; the rd largest state; known for earthquakes

face

US / feɪs /

•

UK / fes /

noun
Side or outer surface of something
An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
Characteristics you show in public
verb
To cover a surface with something like paint
To deal with a problem or responsibilities
To look toward; point in a certain direction

title

US / 'taɪtl /

•

UK / ˈtaɪtl /

noun
Book produced by a publisher
Name given to something to identify or describe it
Name showing profession, marriage or social status
(Legal) the right to own something, e.g. property
Position of being the winner in a sport or contest
verb
To give a name to identify or describe something

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

Introduction to Video Content

Companies and countries are currently engaged in a fierce battle to develop quantum computers, which have the potential to revolutionize computing technology. Quantum computing is an entirely new kind of computing that utilizes the principles of quantum physics to perform calculations at a speed that is incomprehensible to today's supercomputers.IBM, Google, and other major players in the tech industry are currently working on developing this groundbreaking technology. Quantum computing is named after quantum physics, which explores the forces of the subatomic realm. While the science behind quantum computing is incredibly complex, we will attempt to provide a basic understanding of its principles.Tomorrow, IBM will announce a significant advance in quantum computing that could solve problems in minutes, which would take millions of years for current supercomputers to solve. This highlights the vast difference in computational power between quantum computers and traditional computers.The development of quantum computers pushes the boundaries of knowledge and requires new scientific and engineering breakthroughs. These advancements have led to the creation of processors that compute using the atomic forces that shaped the universe. Dario Gil, head of research at IBM, compares this moment to the pioneers who built the first digital computers in the 1940s and 1950s.Quantum computers are significantly faster than the world's best supercomputers. Certain calculations that would take supercomputers a considerable amount of time can now be done with quantum systems. The exciting part is that these capabilities will continue to expand, making it impossible for even a million or billion supercomputers to match the computational power of future quantum machines. There is a roadmap and a journey ahead that will lead to shocking advancements in quantum computing technology.

Subtitles section

Artificial intelligence is the magic of the moment

but this is a story about what's next

something incomprehensible.

Tomorrow, IBM will announce an advance in an entirely new kind of computing

one that may solve problems in minutes

that would take today's supercomputers millions of years.

That's the difference in quantum computing

a technology being developed at IBM

Google, and others.

It's named for quantum physics

which describes the forces of the subatomic realm.

The science is deep, and we can't scratch the surface

but we hope to explain enough so that you won't be blindsided by a breakthrough that could transform civilization.

The story will continue in a moment.

The quantum computer pushes the limits of knowledge

new science, new engineering

all leading to this processor

that computes with the atomic forces that created the universe,

I think this moment, it feels to us like the pioneers on the one nine hundred and forties and fifties

that were building the first digital computers,

Dario Gil is something of a quantum crusader.

Spanish born with a PhD in electrical engineering

Gil is head of research at IBM.

How much faster is this than

say, the world's best supercomputer today?

We are now in a stage where we can do certain calculations with these systems

that would take the biggest supercomputers in the world to be able to do some similar calculation.

But the beauty of it

is that we see, that we're going to continue to expand that capability

such that not even a million or a billion of those supercomputers connected together could do the calculations of these future machines,

So we've come a long way.

And the most exciting part is that we have a roadmap and a journey right now

where that is going to continue to increase at a rate that is going to be shocking,

I'm not sure the world is prepared for this change.

Definitely not.

To understand the change

go back to the invention of a switch called a transistor.

Computers have processed information on transistors ever since

getting faster as more transistors were squeezed onto a chip

billions of them today.

but it takes that many because each transistor holds information in only two states,

It's either on or it's off, like a coin, heads or tails.

Quantum abandons transistors and encodes information on electrons

that behave like this coin we created with animation,

Electrons behave in a way

so that they are heads and tails

and everything in between,

You've gone from handling one bit of information at a time on a transistor

to exponentially more data,

You can see that there is a fantastic amount of information stored

when you can look at all possible angles

not just up or down,

Physicist Michio Kaku of the City University of New York already calls today's computers classical,

He uses a maze to explain quantum's difference.

Let's look at a classical computer

calculating how a mouse navigates a maze,

It is painful.

One by one, it has to map every single left turn

right turn, left turn

right turn, before it finds the goal.

Now, a quantum computer scans all possible routes simultaneously,.

This is amazing.

How many turns are there?

Hundreds of possible turns, right?

Quantum computers do it all at once.

Kaku's book titled Quantum Supremacy explains the stakes.

We're looking at a race

a race between China, between IBM

Google, Microsoft, Honeywell

all the big boys are in this race to create a workable

operationally efficient quantum computer.

Because the nation or company that does this

will rule the world economy.

But, a reliable general purpose quantum computer is a tough climb yet,

Maybe that's why this wall is in the lobby of Google's quantum lab in California,

Here, we got an inside look

starting with a microscope's view of what replaces the transistor,

This right here is one qubit, and this is another qubit.

This is a five qubit chain.

Those crosses at the bottom are qubits

short for quantum bits.

They hold the electrons and act like artificial atoms.

Unlike transistors, each additional qubit doubles the computer's power,

It's exponential.

So, while twenty transistors are twenty times more powerful than one

twenty qubits are a million times more powerful than one,

So this gets positioned right here on the fridge.

Karina Chow, chief operating officer of Google's lab

showed us the processor that holds the qubits.

Much of that above chills the qubits to what physicists call near absolute zero,

Near absolute zero, I understand

is about four hundred and sixty degrees below zero Fahrenheit,

So that's about as cold as anything can get.

Yes, almost as cold as possible.

That temperature, inside a sealed computer

is one of the coldest places in the universe.

The deep freeze eliminates electrical resistance and isolates the qubits from outside vibrations

so they can be controlled with an electromagnetic field.

The qubits must vibrate in unison

but that's a tough trick called coherence.

Once you achieve coherence of the qubits

how easy is that to maintain?

It's really hard.

Coherence is very challenging.

Coherence is fleeting.

In all similar machines

coherence breaks down constantly

creating errors.

We're making about one error in every hundred or so steps.

Ultimately, we think, we're gonna need about one error in every million or so steps,

That would probably be identified as one of the biggest barriers,

Mitigating those errors and extending coherence time

while scaling up to larger machines

are the challenges facing German American scientist Hartmut Neven

who founded Google's lab

and its casual style, in the year of the year.

Can the problems that are in the way of quantum computing be solved?

I should confess my subtitle here is Chief Optimist.

So, after having said this

I would say at this point

we don't need any more fundamental breakthroughs,

We need little improvements here and there.

We have all the pieces together.

We just need to integrate them well

to build larger and larger systems,

And you think that, all of this will be integrated into a system

in what period of time?

Yeah, we often say we want to do it by the end of the decade

so that we can use this Kennedy quote

get it done by the end of the decade.

The end of this decade?

Yes.

Five or six years?

Yes.

That's about the timeline Dario Gil predicts

and the IBM research director told us something surprising.

There are problems that classical computers can never

Can never solve.

And I think this is an important point

because we're accustomed to say

ah, computers get better.

Actually, there are many

many problems that are so complex that we can make that statement

that actually, classical computers will never be able to solve that problem,

Not now, not a hundred years from now

not a thousand years from now.

You actually require a different way to represent information

and process information.

That's what quantum gives you.

Quantum could give us answers to impossible problems in physics

chemistry, engineering

and medicine, which is why IBM and Cleveland Clinic have installed one of the first quantum computers to leave the lab for the real world.

It takes time, it takes way too much time

to find the solutions we need right now.

We sat down with Dario Gill and Dr. Serpil Erzurum

Chief Research Officer at Cleveland Clinic.

She told us, healthcare would be transformed if quantum computers can model the behavior of proteins

the molecules that regulate all life.

Proteins change shape to change function in ways too complex to follow,

And when they get it wrong, that causes disease.

It takes on many shapes

many, many shapes, depending upon what it's doing

and where it is, and which other protein it's with,

I need to understand the shape it's in when it's doing an interaction or a function that I don't want it to do for that patient.

Cancer, autoimmunity, it's a problem.

We are limited completely by the computational ability to look at the structure in real time.

for any, even one molecule.

Cleveland Clinic is so proud of its quantum computer

they set it up in a lobby.

Behind the glass, that shiny silver cylinder encloses the kind of cooling system and processor you saw earlier,

Quantum is not solving the protein problem yet.

This is more of a trial run to introduce researchers to quantum's potential,

The people using this machine

are they having to learn an entirely different way to communicate with a computer?

I think that's what's really nice

that you actually just use a regular laptop and you write a program

very much like you would write a traditional program

but when you click go and run

it just happens to run on a very different kind of computer,

There are a half dozen competing designs in the race.

China named quantum a top national priority and the U.S.

Government is spending nearly a billion dollars a year on research,.

The first change comes next year when the U.S.

Publishes new standards for encryption because quantum is expected one day to break the codes that lock everything

from national secrets to credit cards,

Tomorrow, IBM will unveil its Quantum System II

with three times the qubits as the machine you saw in Cleveland.

This past August, we saw System Two under construction.

It's a machine unlike anything we've ever built.

And this is it.

This is it.

IBM's Dario Gil told us

System Two has the room to expand to thousands of qubits,

What are the chances that this is one of those things that's going to be ready in five years and always will be?

We don't see an obstacle right now

that will prevent us from building systems that will have tens of thousands

and even a hundred thousand qubits working with each other,

So we are highly confident that we will get there.

Of all the amazing things we heard

it was physicist Michio Kaku

who led us down the path to the biggest idea of all,

He said we were walking through a quantum computer.

Processing information with subatomic particles is how the universe works.

You know, when I look at the night sky

I see stars, I look at the flowers

the trees, I realize that it's all quantum

the splendor of the universe itself.

The language of the universe is the language of the quantum.

Learning that language may bring more than inconceivable speed,.

Reverse engineering nature's computer could be a window on creation itself,