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The Sun Isn't Normal. This Telescope Learned the Hard Way.

Video vocabulary

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

already

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US / ɔ:lˈredi /

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

A1
  • adverb
  • Having happened or been done before this time

internationally

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US / ˌɪntə'næʃnəlɪ /

UK / ˌɪntɚˈnæʃənl:ɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • Throughout the world or in many countries

liquid

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US / ˈlɪkwɪd /

UK / ˈlɪkwɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of wealth) being able to be spent as cash
  • In a state of being uncertain
  • Moving in a flowing manner, like water or oil
  • noun
  • Something that is similar to the state of water

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

thousand

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US / ˈθaʊznd /

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1,000

lose

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US / lu:z /

UK / luz /

A1
  • verb
  • To be unable to keep in check or control something
  • To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
  • To stop having certain qualities or abilities
  • To stop having or being entitled to
  • To fail to win something that is being contested
  • To be unable to find something you once had
  • To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

position

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US / pəˈzɪʃn /

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's opinion or attitude about something
  • Specific location where someone or something is
  • Where you play or your role on a sports team
  • Person's job or status level
  • Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
  • verb
  • To put in a particular location or direction

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

try

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US / traɪ /

UK / traɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
  • verb
  • To make an effort, to attempt to do something
  • To examine someone or something in a court of law
  • To test to see if it is good or you like it
  • To make a person go through hardship; test
  • To examine something to see if it works

small

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US / smɔ:l /

UK / smɔl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Little in size; not big
  • (Of letters) not written in capital letters
  • Being insignificant or minor
  • (Of a business) with few people or things; local
  • (Of voice) being soft and quiet
  • (Of a child) being young

definitive

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US / dɪˈfɪnətɪv /

UK / dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Clear and leaving no further question

particle

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US / ˈpɑ:tɪkl /

UK / ˈpɑrtɪkəl /

B1
  • noun
  • Adverb or preposition that joins with a verb
  • Tiny piece or quantity of something

noisy

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US / 'nɔɪzɪ /

UK / ˈnɔɪzi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being loud; too much sound

true

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US / tru: /

UK / tru: /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

weird

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US / wɪəd /

UK / wɪrd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Odd or unusual; surprising; strange

certain

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US / ˈsə:tn /

UK / ˈsɚtn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Definite, fixed
  • Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
  • Being sure about something; without doubt

combine

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US / kəmˈbaɪn /

UK / kəmˈbaɪn /

A2
  • verb
  • To mix several things together to form one thing

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

mission

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US / 'mɪʃn /

UK / ˈmɪʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • A task or role someone is given to do
  • Special assignment given to a person or group
  • Group tasked with a specific duty
  • A task given to someone to gain or achieve
  • Religious group wishing to convert others
  • Housing for a religious group working overseas
  • Religious or charitable task in a foreign country

clunky

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US / ˈklʌŋki /

UK / ˈklʌŋki /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Making a clunking sound

four

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US / fɔ:(r) /

UK / fɔr, for /

A1
  • number
  • 4

million

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US / ˈmɪljən /

UK / ˈmɪljən /

A1
  • number
  • 1,000,000

planetary

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US / ˈplænətri /

UK / ˈplænɪˌtɛri /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the orbital characteristics of a planet

matter

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US / 'mætə(r) /

UK / ˈmætɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Material all things are made of that fills space
  • Problem or reason for concern
  • verb
  • To be of great importance; to count

probably

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US / ˈprɒbəbli /

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

A1
  • adverb
  • That is likely to happen or be true

once

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US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

while

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US / waɪl /

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • In spite of the fact that; although
  • During the time that; at the same time
  • noun
  • Short amount of time

actually

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US / ˈæktʃuəli /

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to add new (often different) information

debate

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US / dɪ'beɪt /

UK / dɪˈbet /

A2
  • noun
  • General public discussion of a topic
  • A formal event where two sides discuss a topic
  • verb
  • To consider options before making a decision
  • To take part in a formal discussion

realize

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US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

A1
  • verb
  • To become aware of or understand mentally

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

continue

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US / kən'tɪnju: /

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

A1
  • verb
  • To do something without stopping, or after pausing
  • To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

exactly

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US / ɪgˈzæktli /

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

A1
  • adverb
  • No more and no less than; precisely

compute

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US / kəm'pju:t /

UK / kəmˈpjut /

A1
  • verb
  • To find out by calculating or estimating

gathering

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US / ˈgæðərɪŋ /

UK / ˈɡæðərɪŋ /

A2
  • noun
  • Bringing things or people together
  • A meeting of people who come together
  • verb
  • To bring objects together into one place
  • To collect foods such as wild berries or crops
  • To increase or accumulate
  • To bring people, animals together into a group
  • To activate strength, courage to prepare for task
  • To understand or believe some information

massive

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US / ˈmæsɪv /

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very big; large; too big

correct

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US / kə'rekt /

UK / kəˈrɛkt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being suitable and appropriate for an occasion
  • True or accurate
  • verb
  • To fix a problem
  • To write marks on a piece of work to show mistakes
  • To punish in order to improve

struggle

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US / 'strʌɡl /

UK / ˈstrʌɡəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Strong efforts made to do something difficult
  • verb
  • To try very hard to do something difficult

fraction

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US / ˈfrækʃn /

UK / ˈfrækʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Small part of something

limit

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US / 'lɪmɪt /

UK / ˈlɪmɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Point beyond which it is not possible to go
  • verb
  • To stop or prevent an increase past a point

launch

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US / lɔ:ntʃ /

UK / lɔntʃ, lɑntʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Starting a new project; introducing new product
  • Act of firing rockets into the air
  • verb
  • To start a new project; start selling a product
  • To put a rocket into the air
  • To put a ship into the water for the first time

set

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US / set /

UK / sɛt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Prepared for something; ready
  • noun
  • Complete group of something
  • Place where a television show or movie is filmed
  • Group of games in a tennis match
  • Device that receives radio or television signals
  • verb
  • To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
  • To decide upon or choose something
  • To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
  • To decide on a price for something
  • To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
  • To be located in a specific place or time
  • To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
  • To put someone in a certain condition or state
  • (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

stream

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US / stri:m /

UK / strim /

A2
  • noun
  • Classes split into ability levels
  • A small river
  • verb
  • To send a constant flow of data over the internet
  • To split classes or students into ability levels

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

since

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US / sɪns /

UK / sɪns /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a point before the present time
  • conjunction
  • For this reason; because
  • preposition
  • From the time in the past that

test

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US / test /

UK / test /

A1
  • noun
  • A medical examination
  • Action to establish the truth or nature of
  • Examination; questions to measure knowledge
  • verb
  • To be given a medical examination
  • To try to establish the truth or nature of
  • To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

yourself

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US / jɔ:ˈself /

UK / jʊrˈsɛlf, jɔr-, jor-, jə- /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Reflexive form of 'you', used for an emphasis

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

begin

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US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To do the first part of an action; to start

per

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US / pə(r) /

UK / pɚ /

A2
  • preposition
  • In the manner directed or suggested
  • For each; during each

timespan

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US / /

UK / /

C2
  • noun
  • Length of time something takes or lasts

water

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US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
  • Large area such as an ocean or sea
  • verb
  • (Of the eyes) to produce tears
  • (Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
  • To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

home

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US / həʊm /

UK / hom /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A sports team's own field or place of play
  • adverb
  • Into the correct or intended position
  • noun
  • House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
  • Institution for sick or elderly people
  • Place where a person or a family lives
  • Country where a person lives or was born
  • Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
  • verb
  • To move towards a particular target location

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

report

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US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

A1
  • noun
  • Account of the necessary facts and information
  • The telling of news in the media
  • Official statement about something
  • verb
  • To submit a report or bill to the government
  • To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
  • To state something officially
  • To officially present yourself to an authority
  • To describe something by telling it to others

setback

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US / 'setbæk /

UK / ˈsɛtˌbæk /

C1
  • noun
  • Unfortunate happening that hinders or frustrates

talk

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US / tɔ:k /

UK / tɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Style of speaking
  • Discussion between two countries
  • Giving information in front of people; lecture
  • Saying things or ideas to someone with words
  • verb
  • To make a formal speech about something
  • To say things or ideas to someone with words

astronomer

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US / əˈstrɒnəmə(r) /

UK / əˈstrɑ:nəmə(r) /

B2
  • noun
  • Scientist studying stars and other bodies in space

churn

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US / tʃɜ:n /

UK / tʃə:n /

B2
  • verb
  • To turn milk round and round to make butter
  • To move round and round, as of stomach when ill
  • To move with vigorous agitation

few

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US / fju: /

UK / fju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Not many, a small number

combination

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US / ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn /

UK / ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
  • Act or result of mixing things together

earth

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US / ɜ:θ /

UK / ɚθ /

A1
  • noun
  • Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
  • The planet we live on
  • Soil in which we grow plants

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

reconsider

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US / ˌri:kənˈsɪdə(r) /

UK / ˌrikənˈsɪdɚ /

B1
  • verb
  • To think whether to change an earlier decision

system

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US / 'sɪstəm /

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Working in an organized, logical way
  • noun
  • Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

designer

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US / dɪˈzaɪnə(r) /

UK / dɪˈzaɪnə /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Describing something that has been designed
  • noun
  • Someone who creates plans to make something

face

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US / feɪs /

UK / fes /

A1
  • noun
  • Side or outer surface of something
  • An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
  • Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
  • Characteristics you show in public
  • verb
  • To cover a surface with something like paint
  • To deal with a problem or responsibilities
  • To look toward; point in a certain direction

hour

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • noun
  • 60 minutes
  • Particular time of the day
  • Fixed, regularly occurring time

hunt

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US / hʌnt /

UK / hʌnt /

A2
  • noun
  • A search for animals to kill for food
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To search for wild animals to kill (for food)
  • To look for very carefully; search for

light

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US / laɪt /

UK / laɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
  • Being pale and lacking darkness of color
  • Not heavy; weighing only a little
  • adverb
  • Carrying few bags when traveling
  • noun
  • A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
  • Way in which something or someone is understood
  • verb
  • To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
  • To provide a way to see ahead

promise

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US / 'prɒmɪs /

UK / ˈprɑmɪs /

A1
  • verb
  • To say you will certainly do something

those

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US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

amount

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US / ə'maʊnt /

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Quantity of something
  • verb
  • To add up to a certain figure

flare

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US / fleə(r) /

UK / flɛr /

B2
  • noun
  • A brief bright light
  • Light/fire used to signal for help/warn of danger
  • Part of an object that spreads or becomes wider
  • verb
  • To become angry or excited suddenly
  • To burn or shine suddenly and briefly
  • To spread something or make something wider

extension

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US / ɪkˈstenʃn /

UK / ɪkˈstɛnʃən /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Adding extra length
  • noun
  • Addition to something, e.g. a house
  • Suffix code of a computer file, e.g. .pdf, .jpg
  • Telephone for individual person, e.g. In an office
  • Something added to the end of something
  • Extra time allowed to complete something

period

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US / ˈpɪəriəd /

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

A1
  • noun
  • Set amount of time during which events take place
  • A way to emphasize what you will say
  • A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
  • A menstrual cycle
  • A set time for a class to be held

success

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US / sək'ses /

UK / səkˈsɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Achievement of a desired purpose or goal
  • A successful person; one who achieved their aims

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

hunting

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US / ˈhʌntɪŋ /

UK / ˈhʌntɪŋ /

A2
  • noun
  • The act of search for animals to kill them
  • verb
  • To search for wild animals to kill (for food)
  • To look for very carefully; search for

short

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US / ʃɔ:t /

UK / ʃɔrt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Less than what is needed
  • Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
  • verb
  • (Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
  • adjecitve
  • Measuring a small distance
  • Happening for a small amount of time
  • Unfriendly or rude

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

wind

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US / wɪnd /

UK / wɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Musical instruments) that you blow into to play
  • noun
  • A current of air moving approximately horizontally, especially one strong enough to be felt
  • Something that has influence
  • verb
  • If a road, path, or river winds, it follows a route that turns repeatedly in different directions
  • To turn or cause something to turn
  • To twist around something

website

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US / ˈwebsaɪt /

UK / 'websaɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Collection of webpages in one location

agency

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US / 'eɪdʒənsɪ /

UK / ˈedʒənsi /

B1
  • noun
  • Business that provides some service for others

cross

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US / krɒs /

UK / krɔs, krɑs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Angry and upset
  • From one side of something to the other
  • noun
  • (Of animals) mixture of breeds in one animal
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To put one thing over another e.g. arms
  • To breed one type of animal or plant with another
  • To not to agree with someone; oppose
  • To go from one side of something to the other
  • To meet at one point

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

double

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US / 'dʌbl /

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or intended for use by two people
  • Two times the amount or degree; twice
  • Made of two parts that are the same, similar
  • noun
  • Person that is exactly like someone else
  • verb
  • To be used for two functions at the same time
  • To make or become twice as much

far

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US / fɑ:(r) /

UK / fɑr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A long way away
  • Being a long way away
  • adverb
  • To a large degree or extent

radiation

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US / ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn /

UK / ˌrediˈeʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Energy transmitted as rays, waves or particles
  • Process of emitting something in waves
  • Harmful waves of energy from nuclear activity

reduce

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US / rɪ'dju:s /

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

A2
  • verb
  • To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
  • To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
  • To make something smaller in size, amount, level

picture

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US / 'pɪktʃə(r) /

UK / ˈpɪktʃɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • General situation or state of being
  • Mental image of what something is or looks like
  • Movie; film
  • Painting, drawing or photograph on paper or screen
  • verb
  • To understand or imagine something
  • To imagine someone or something in an image

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

another

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US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One more, but not this
  • determiner
  • One more added
  • pronoun
  • One more (thing)

real

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US / rɪəl /

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Actually existing or happening, not imagined
  • Being important or special

stabilize

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US / 'steɪbəlaɪz /

UK / ˈstebəˌlaɪz /

B1
  • verb
  • To make stable/consistent, with no major changes

zone

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US / zəʊn /

UK / zoʊn /

B1
  • noun
  • Area of space designated for a particular use
  • verb
  • To divide an area for a particular reason

any

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US / 'enɪ /

UK / ˈɛni /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One, or some, no matter which
  • pronoun
  • One (thing) of many; some

distance

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US / 'dɪstəns /

UK / ˈdɪstəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Lack of friendliness toward another person
  • Amount of space between two places or things
  • verb
  • To make it clear that you are not involved

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

company

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US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

A1
  • noun
  • Good feeling from being with someone else
  • A business that sells things or provides services
  • Guests, especially in your home
  • Being with another person rather than alone

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

proportion

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US / prəˈpɔ:ʃn /

UK / prəˈpɔrʃən, -ˈpor- /

A2
  • noun
  • A part of a whole thing
  • State of balance between two or more things
  • Size of one thing compared to the size of another
  • verb
  • To balance the size of something with another

cooler

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US / ˈku:lə(r) /

UK / ˈkulɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • More cool than
  • Being more smart or stylish than others
  • noun
  • A box to keep things such as food, drink cool

finding

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US / ˈfaɪndɪŋ /

UK / ˈfaɪndɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you discover or find out; a result
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
  • To discover something by looking for it

early

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US / ˈɜ:li /

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or appearing before
  • adverb
  • Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
  • Happening sooner than expected

large

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US / lɑ:dʒ /

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

office

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US / ˈɒfɪs /

UK / ˈɔ:fɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Room or building used for business
  • Important job position, often in a government

base

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US / beɪs /

UK / bes /

A2
  • noun
  • Place military personnel live, train, and operate
  • Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
  • Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
  • Most important idea or ingredient to add others
  • Origin or start from which something came
  • Main place where an organization or a person works
  • verb
  • To use as the starting point or origin for
  • To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

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US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

certainly

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US / ˈsə:tnli /

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Sure; of course

galaxy

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US / 'ɡæləksɪ /

UK / ˈɡæləksi /

B2
  • noun
  • A group of stars and planets in space

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

money

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US / 'mʌnɪ /

UK / ˈmʌni /

A1
  • noun
  • Coins or notes we use to pay for things

front

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US / frʌnt /

UK / frʌnt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
  • noun
  • Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
  • Area where fighting in a war is happening
  • Place where air of different temperatures meets
  • verb
  • To have the forward part facing something
  • To lead a group of people, usually a band

rare

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US / reə(r) /

UK / rɛr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
  • Unusual or out of the ordinary; not common

nine

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US / naɪn /

UK / naɪn /

A1
  • number
  • 9

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

beyond

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US / bɪ'jɒnd /

UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /

A2
  • adverb
  • On or to the farther side
  • In addition to
  • preposition
  • Later in time than
  • Out of the limits of

monitor

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US / ˈmɒnɪtə(r) /

UK / ˈmɑ:nɪtə(r) /

A2
  • noun
  • A senior student at school
  • Electronic screen on which you can see images
  • verb
  • To observe and keep a record of something

keep

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US / ki:p /

UK / kip /

A1
  • noun
  • Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
  • Money spent on you so you can live in a place
  • verb
  • To continue doing something; not to stop
  • To stop balls going in a goal in sports
  • To not give back or return something
  • (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
  • To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
  • To have and continue to hold something
  • To do something that you have promised or agreed
  • To stay in a certain place or condition
  • To maintain the rules

name

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US / neɪm /

UK / nem /

A1
  • noun
  • What something or someone is called
  • verb
  • To state what someone is called, e.g. John

slash

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US / slæʃ /

UK / slæʃ /

B2
  • noun
  • Line ( / ) used in writing
  • Long, deep cut, caused by a sharp object
  • verb
  • To cut violently with a sharp object
  • To decrease something by a large amount

something

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US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

accord

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US / ə'kɔ:d /

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

B1
  • noun
  • Agreement or harmony
  • An agreement or treaty between countries
  • verb
  • To be in harmony or agreement; consent
  • To give (someone) the respect due to them

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

sail

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US / seɪl /

UK / sel /

A2
  • noun
  • Trip or journey on a ship
  • Cloth used to power a boat by wind
  • verb
  • To travel across water in a boat or a ship
  • To move along quickly and smoothly

waste

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US / weɪst /

UK / west /

A2
  • noun
  • Materials left over after a process has finished
  • verb
  • To kill or severely harm someone
  • To use valuable things ineffectively

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

almost

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US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

A1
  • adverb
  • Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

century

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US / 'sentʃərɪ /

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of 100 years

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

plan

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US / plæn /

UK / plæn /

A1
  • noun
  • Drawing of how something should be done or made

part

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US / pɑ:t /

UK / pɑ:rt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To some degree; half; not fully
  • noun
  • Division of a book
  • Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
  • A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
  • Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
  • Some, but not all of a specific thing
  • Role in causing something to happen
  • verb
  • To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
  • To move two things apart creating a space
  • To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

steady

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US / 'stedɪ /

UK / ˈstɛdi /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or developing at a regular rate
  • Continuing without stopping or changing over time
  • Firmly fixed or supported; not likely to fall over
  • noun
  • Your boyfriend or girlfriend
  • verb
  • To make constant, unchanging or staying the same
  • To hold something/someone so they stop moving

break

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US / breɪk /

UK / brek /

A1
  • noun
  • Time you stop an activity before continuing
  • End of a relationship
  • An escape from a place such as a jail
  • (Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
  • Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
  • Change in the weather
  • verb
  • To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
  • To form a crack in something
  • To burst or become damaged
  • To end a relationship
  • To escape from a place such as a jail
  • To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
  • To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
  • To act against a law, rule, or promise
  • To become known suddenly, as in the news
  • To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
  • To solve a crime, or answer a problem
  • To stop functioning properly
  • To suddenly start, open or commence
  • To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
  • To fall on the shore, as in waves
  • To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
  • To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

decade

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US / ˈdekeɪd /

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

B1
  • noun
  • Period of 10 years

dip

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US / dɪp /

UK / dɪp /

B1
  • noun
  • Food or sauce eaten with crackers/raw vegetables
  • Place on surface (e.g. a road) lower than the rest
  • verb
  • To decrease or lower temporarily
  • To put something in and out of a liquid quickly
  • To switch off or lower lights on a car

sun

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US / sʌn /

UK / sʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Light and heat coming from a large star in the sky
  • Hot shining star the Earth moves around
  • verb
  • To lie in the sunshine and enjoy its warmth

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

handle

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US / 'hændl /

UK / ˈhændl /

A2
  • noun
  • The part of a door you hold to open it
  • Thing you hold to carry or open a bag, pan etc.
  • verb
  • To cope with or take responsibility for
  • To control a machine, car etc.
  • To control or be controlled /used in a certain way
  • To deal with a particular situation/person; manage
  • To buy, sell, or move materials or goods
  • To hold, control, or use something with the hands
  • To touch objects with the hands to look at them

dwarf

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US / dwɔ:f /

UK / dwɔrf /

B2
  • noun
  • Person of short stature, due to medical condition

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

trust

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US / trʌst /

UK / trʌst /

A2
  • noun
  • Wealth or property held by one person for another
  • The belief that someone is honest
  • Care or responsibility of a person
  • verb
  • To expect confidently
  • To have confidence or faith
  • To be confident someone is honest and reliable
  • To believe someone to be honest and reliable

datum

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US / ˈdeɪtəm /

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

B1
  • noun
  • Item of factual information

patch

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US / pætʃ /

UK / pætʃ /

B1
  • noun
  • Cover worn over an eye to protect or hide it
  • Piece of ground on vegetation grows
  • Piece of cloth sewn onto garments to repair holes
  • Small spot different from the area around it
  • verb
  • To join or unite, e.g. two phone calls
  • To repair hole by sewing a piece of cloth over it

orbit

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US / 'ɔ:bɪt /

UK / ˈɔrbɪt /

B2
  • noun
  • Path an object takes as it circles another object
  • verb
  • To go around another object (often in space)

spending

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US / ˈspendɪŋ /

UK / ˈspɛndɪŋ /

A2
  • verb
  • To use money to pay for something
  • To use time in order to do something
  • To use up something completely

retire

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US / rɪ'taɪə(r) /

UK / rɪˈtaɪr /

A2
  • verb
  • To stop using, producing, or servicing something
  • To stop taking part in a competition or game
  • To quit having jobs because you are old
  • To move to a different area or room (formal)
  • To go to bed (formal)

store

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US / stɔ:(r) /

UK / stɔr, stor /

A2
  • noun
  • Place where things are kept for future use
  • Place where you can go to buy things
  • verb
  • To put things in a place for later use

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

center

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US / 'sentə /

UK / ˈsɛntɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Community place people go health or social reasons
  • Place in the middle of something
  • Person or thing that is attracting attention
  • verb
  • To direct focus toward something

end

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US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

exist

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US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

A1
  • verb
  • To be present, alive or real

discovery

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US / dɪ'skʌvərɪ /

UK / dɪˈskʌvəri /

A2
  • noun
  • Learning something for the first time

away

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US / ə'weɪ /

UK / əˈwe /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not present
  • adverb
  • Disappear completely
  • Doing something with a lot of energy
  • Not here; far from here; in a different direction
  • To a different area, location

brightness

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US / 'braɪtnəs /

UK / ˈbraɪtnɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount of light something has

month

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US / mʌnθ /

UK / mʌnθ /

A1
  • noun
  • One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

world

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US / wɜ:ld /

UK / wɜrld /

A1
  • noun
  • All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • Political division due to some kind of similarity

unexpected

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US / ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd /

UK / ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Surprising because it was not expected

location

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US / ləʊˈkeɪʃn /

UK / loʊˈkeɪʃn /

B1
  • noun
  • Particular position or area of place, event, etc.

innocent

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US / 'ɪnəsnt /

UK / ˈɪnəsənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Free from guilt or responsibility for a crime
  • (Accidentally being harmed) without deserving it
  • Lacking experience of the world; naive
  • noun
  • Person with little experience of the world

quickly

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US / ˈkwɪkli /

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Without taking a lot of time; fast

next

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US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one

problem

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US / ˈprɒbləm /

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Causing trouble
  • noun
  • Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
  • Question to show understanding of a math concept

scientist

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US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who is trained in a science

review

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US / rɪˈvju: /

UK / rɪˈvju /

A2
  • noun
  • Examination of soldiers and supplies
  • Opinion, as in a paper, about movie, book, or play
  • Studying again to remind yourself about something
  • verb
  • To carefully look at the quality of something
  • To formally examine something in the military
  • To write an opinion about movie, book, or play
  • To study again to remind yourself about something

expect

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US / ɪk'spekt /

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

A1
  • verb
  • To believe something is probably going to happen

mvp

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US / ˌem viː ˈpi /

UK / ˌem viː ˈpi /

A1
  • other

online

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US / ˌɒnˈlaɪn /

UK / ˌɑ:nˈlaɪn /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Connected to the internet

yet

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US / jet /

UK / jɛt /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a later time (used after ‘not’)
  • (Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
  • Eventually; at a future time
  • Until now; up to the present
  • conjunction
  • Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

video

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US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a moving film, with sound
  • noun
  • Recording capturing action with sound
  • verb
  • To make a moving film of, with sound

color

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US / 'kʌlə(r) /

UK / ˈkʌlɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Quality of things you can see, e.g. red, blue
  • Pink or red in your face, e.g. after being ill
  • The shade of someone's skin e.g. black, or yellow
  • verb
  • To change or affect someone's opinion
  • To make something colorful using colored pencils

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

noisiness

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US / ˈnɔɪzinɪs /

UK / ˈnɔɪzɪnɪs /

A1
  • other
  • Auditory effect characterized by loud and constant noise

size

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US / saɪz /

UK / saɪz /

A1
  • noun
  • How big or small a thing is
  • Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
  • verb
  • To make something to fit a particular measurement
  • To organize or group from small to large

whole

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US / həul /

UK / hol /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; all of
  • Being in a good condition
  • noun
  • Complete amount or sum; total

twist

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US / twɪst /

UK / twɪst /

A2
  • noun
  • Turn or spiral curve in a path or road
  • Bend or sudden change of direction
  • An unexpected change in the direction of a story
  • a change in the way in which something happens
  • verb
  • To turn something in a circular direction
  • To turn in a curving direction e.g. road or path
  • To bend something into a particular shape
  • To change the meaning in an unintended way
  • To turn in opposite directions at the same time
  • To wind something around something else
  • To turn direction or position, as of your body

credit

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US / 'kredɪt /

UK / ˈkrɛdɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having a positive amount of money
  • noun
  • System to buy something and pay for it later
  • Points earned instead of money
  • Quality of having a good reputation for a reason
  • Points earned towards a university degree
  • verb
  • To add a certain amount of money to a total
  • To recognize someone's achievements or help

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

cloud

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US / klaʊd /

UK / klaʊd /

A1
  • noun
  • A mass of smoke or mist hanging in the air
  • verb
  • To confuse the mind/judgment of a person
  • (Of the sky) to get darker and fill with clouds
  • To make (glass, etc.) difficult to see through
  • To make an activity less pleasant or enjoyable
  • (Of person's face, etc.) to show worry/anger

description

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US / dɪˈskrɪpʃn /

UK / dɪˈskrɪpʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Explanation of what something is like, looks like

support

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US / səˈpɔ:t /

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

A1
  • noun
  • Assistance or advice given to someone
  • Evidence that helps prove something is true
  • A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
  • verb
  • To give assistance or advice to someone
  • To help prove or show that something is true
  • To hold up or prevent from falling down

exert

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US / ɪgˈzɜ:t /

UK / ɪgˈzɜ:rt /

B2
  • verb
  • To make something have an effect on something else

randomly

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US / 'rændəmlɪ /

UK / 'rændəmlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • With no pattern or clear purpose; by chance

telescope

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US / ˈtelɪskəʊp /

UK / ˈtelɪskoʊp /

C2
  • noun
  • Tube-shaped device used to see a great distance
  • verb
  • To shorten by compacting tubes inside each other

against

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US / əˈgenst /

UK / əˈɡenst /

A1
  • preposition
  • In physical contact with, as for support; next to
  • In opposition to; disagreeing with

experience

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US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing a person has done or that happened to them
  • An event at which you learned something
  • Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
  • verb
  • To gain knowledge by doing things

host

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US / həʊst /

UK / host /

A2
  • noun
  • Mass; a great number
  • Person who entertains guests
  • Plant or animal on or in which parasites live
  • Presenter on a television or radio program
  • verb
  • To be the sponsor of an event, e.g. the Olympics
  • To lead or start a party, program, or other event
  • To lead a TV or radio show as the announcer

planet

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US / 'plænɪt /

UK / ˈplænɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • One of the bodies that orbit the sun

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

operate

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US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To control or handle something, such as a machine
  • To control or manage something such as a business
  • To be working or being used
  • To perform surgery on someone

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

life

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US / laɪf /

UK / laɪf /

A1
  • noun
  • All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
  • Period of time things live, from birth to death

generally

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US / /

UK / /

A2
  • adverb
  • Usually; as a rule; by, to or for most people

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

star

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US / stɑ:(r) /

UK / stɑr /

A1
  • noun
  • Very famous person, usually an entertainer
  • Someone who does something very well
  • Your horoscope
  • A bright planet of hot gas in the night sky
  • A 5-6 sided asterisk-shape
  • verb
  • To perform or play a main role in a movie, play
  • To do something very well
  • To mark with a 5-6 sided asterisk-shape

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

pick

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US / pɪk /

UK / pɪk /

A1
  • noun
  • Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
  • Item selected from a group of choices
  • verb
  • To take fruit or vegetables from a plant or tree
  • To decide on a thing from various choices; select
  • To remove (flower, etc.) with your fingers

study

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US / 'stʌdɪ /

UK / ˈstʌdi /

A1
  • noun
  • Room that a person studies or reads in
  • Piece of research
  • Topic or subject you research or learn about
  • verb
  • To focus on learning something usually at school

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

become

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US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

tiny

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US / 'taɪnɪ /

UK / ˈtaɪni /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very, very small

brace

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US / breɪs /

UK / bres /

B2
  • noun
  • Structure that strengthens a joint
  • verb
  • To prepare yourself for a struggle/difficult time

candidate

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US / ˈkændɪdət /

UK / ˈkændɪˌdet, -dɪt /

B1
  • noun
  • Politician who is running for public office

half

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US / hɑ:f /

UK / hæf, hɑf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not complete
  • adverb
  • Partly; somewhat
  • noun
  • One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
  • The part you get when one is divided into two;

horse

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US / hɔ:s /

UK / hɔ:rs /

A2
  • noun
  • Large animal with 4 legs used for riding
  • Stand or frame used to support something
  • verb
  • To fool around stupidly

level

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US / 'levl /

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Sports) equal to another
  • Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
  • noun
  • Specific height of something
  • Amount of ability you have compared to others
  • Floor or deck within a building
  • Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
  • verb
  • To aim a gun at someone
  • To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
  • To make things flat or even
  • To make a score equal to another, in sports

live

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US / lɪv /

UK / liv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
  • Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
  • Glowing because burning; hot
  • Not yet killed (for food)
  • adverb
  • (Music, drama) as it is performed
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

pixel

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US / ˈpɪksl /

UK / ˈpɪksəl, -ˌsɛl /

C1
  • noun
  • Small element forming image on TV/computer screen

partly

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US / ˈpɑ:tli /

UK / ˈpɑ:rtli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In part; not completely

strip

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US / strɪp /

UK / strɪp /

B1
  • noun
  • Long narrow piece, such as ribbon or land
  • verb
  • To remove your clothes (often sexily for someone)
  • To remove something, e.g. paint from a wall
  • To take property, dignity away from (someone)

teach

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US / ti:tʃ /

UK / titʃ /

A1
  • verb
  • To help someone learn or do something

hardware

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US / ˈhɑ:dweə(r) /

UK / ˈhɑ:rdwer /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical parts of a computer, machine or device
  • Items such as computers, monitors and keyboards
  • Metal tools or parts used to repair something

may

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US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

ready

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US / 'redɪ /

UK / ˈrɛdi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being likely or about to do something
  • Being willing to do a task
  • verb
  • To prepare something for use or action

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

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US / wɜ:d /

UK / wɚd /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of language that has a meaning
  • Promise
  • Short remark or piece of information
  • verb
  • To express something by choosing particular words

big

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US / bɪɡ /

UK / bɪɡ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Popular
  • Serious
  • Large

alone

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US / ə'ləʊn /

UK / əˈlon /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Apart from others
  • Without equal
  • adverb
  • Without anyone or anything else

let

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US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

little

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US / 'lɪtl /

UK / ˈlɪtl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being short in length of time
  • Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
  • Being very young or younger than others
  • adverb
  • By an amount or degree that is not very much
  • Not often; rarely
  • noun
  • A person's name

might

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US / maɪt /

UK / maɪt /

A1
  • other
  • Used to politely request an action
  • Used to express that something could happen
  • Power, strength, force or influence

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

wall

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US / wɔ:l /

UK / wɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • High, flat side of a room or building

assumption

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US / ə'sʌmpʃn /

UK / əˈsʌmpʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Something you believe to be so, but aren't sure of

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

overwhelming

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US / ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋ /

UK / ˌovɚˈhwɛlmɪŋ, -ˈwɛl- /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Having too much to handle (e.g. work)
  • verb
  • To defeat something or someone completely
  • To affect someone emotionally in a strong way
  • To cause to have too much to handle (e.g. work)

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

relative

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US / ˈrelətɪv /

UK / ˈrɛlətɪv /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Measured or considered in comparison to another
  • (Grammar) referring to words that appear earlier
  • noun
  • Members of the family
  • Humans or animals sharing the same family history

perfect

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US / 'pɜ:fɪkt /

UK / ˈpɚfɪkt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • So good it cannot be improved
  • verb
  • To do something so well, it cannot be done better

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

turn

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US / tɜ:n /

UK / tɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Place where changing of direction happens
  • Your time or chance to perform a duty
  • Your chance to play or do in say a game
  • Unexpected change, as in the weather
  • verb
  • To become (a particular age)
  • To become a different quality, color, etc.
  • To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
  • To move in an opposite direction or position
  • To shape metal with a spinning tool

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

five

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US / faɪv /

UK / faɪv /

A1
  • number
  • 5

kind

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US / kaɪnd /

UK / kaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a caring and helpful manner
  • friendly and considerate
  • noun
  • One type of thing

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

pave

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US / peɪv /

UK / pev /

B1
  • verb
  • To build a hard even surface for traveling on

peer

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US / pɪə(r) /

UK / pɪr /

B2
  • noun
  • A noble, but not royal, person, e.g. lord or duke
  • Person of the same age, class or situation
  • verb
  • To look closely and carefully, as if hard to see

stellar

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US / ˈstelə(r) /

UK / ˈstɛlɚ /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Very brilliant; very successful or good

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

below

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US / bɪ'ləʊ /

UK / bɪˈlo /

A1
  • preposition
  • In a lower position, place, or level

average

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US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
  • noun
  • Total of numbers divided by the number of items
  • verb
  • To add numbers then divide by the number of items

afar

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US / ə'fɑ:(r) /

UK / əˈfɑr /

C1
  • adverb
  • From far away

image

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US / 'ɪmɪdʒ /

UK / ˈɪmɪdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Picture, sculpture or painting of something
  • General idea or opinion of something
  • verb
  • To obtain pictures by scanning them with a machine

fate

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US / feɪt /

UK / fet /

B1
  • noun
  • What will happen to you in the future, often bad
  • Power that determines what happens; destiny

ones

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US / wʌnz /

UK / wʌnz /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1, a single person or thing

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

run

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US / rʌn /

UK / rʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Journey between two places made by ship or car
  • Series of similar things or successes and failures
  • Act of running; exercise of running
  • verb
  • To depart or travel according to a schedule
  • To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
  • (Of an engine) to be operating
  • To start or use a computer program
  • To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
  • To manage or operate a business
  • To operate or drive something
  • (Of a road) to go from one place to another
  • To move your legs faster than walking

verify

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US / 'verɪfaɪ /

UK / ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ /

B2
  • verb
  • To prove that something is right, accurate or true

able

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US / 'eɪbl /

UK / ˈebəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Skilled; good at something
  • Having the ability to do something

eventual

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US / ɪˈventʃuəl /

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Coming or happening at a later or end of the time

noise

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US / nɔɪz /

UK / nɔɪz /

A1
  • noun
  • Loud sounds that cause discomfort or annoyance

spat

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US / spæt /

UK / spæt /

B1
  • noun
  • A small fight or disagreement
  • verb
  • To forcefully blow saliva out from your mouth

term

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US / tɜ:m /

UK / tɚm /

A1
  • noun
  • Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
  • Length of time something is expected to happen
  • Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
  • The (precise) name given to something
  • verb
  • To call; give a name to

surface

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US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
  • noun
  • Top layer of the ground or of water
  • Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
  • Outside or upper layer of something
  • verb
  • To give (road) a top layer
  • To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
  • To come to the top of something; emerge
  • To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

click

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US / klɪk /

UK / klɪk /

A1
  • noun
  • The sound a computer mouse makes when you press it
  • A short, slight, and sharp sound
  • verb
  • To work well with someone or something
  • To press a computer mouse
  • To make a short, slight, and sharp sound

follow

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US / ˈfɔləu /

UK / ˈfɑlo /

A1
  • verb
  • To come after someone; be guided by someone
  • To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
  • To be the logical result of something
  • To happen after something else happens
  • To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
  • To understand something happening or being said

giant

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US / 'dʒaɪənt /

UK / ˈdʒaɪənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very large, or much bigger than other things
  • noun
  • Tall, large, and powerful human-like creatures
  • Very successful, powerful person or organization

less

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US / les /

UK / lɛs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Smaller in amount or degree
  • adverb
  • To a smaller degree
  • noun
  • A smaller amount
  • preposition
  • With the subtraction of

specific

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US / spəˈsɪfɪk /

UK / spɪˈsɪfɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Precise; particular; just about that thing
  • Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing

solution

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US / səˈlu:ʃn /

UK / səˈluʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
  • Way to solve or deal with a problem

valuable

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US / ˈvæljuəbl /

UK / ˈvæljuəbəl, ˈvæljə- /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being useful or important
  • Being worth a lot of money

account

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US / ə'kaʊnt /

UK / əˈkaʊnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An advantage
  • Arrangement with a bank to keep your money for you
  • An invoice for things bought
  • Arrangement whereby you can use online services
  • A description, often written, of events; report

constantly

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US / ˈkɒnstəntli /

UK / ˈkɑnstəntlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • Frequently, or without pause

pretty

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US / 'prɪtɪ /

UK / ˈprɪti /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • adverb
  • Very; to a great degree

whopping

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US / ˈwɒpɪŋ /

UK / ˈwɑ:pɪŋ /

C1
  • adverb
  • (Informal) huge; very big

solar

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US / 'səʊlə(r) /

UK / ˈsolɚ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the sun, or its heat

feature

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US / 'fi:tʃə(r) /

UK / ˈfitʃɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Main; important
  • noun
  • Special report in a magazine or paper
  • Distinctive or important point of something
  • verb
  • To highlight or give special importance to

prove

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US / pru:v /

UK / pruv /

A2
  • verb
  • To demonstrate truth by providing evidence

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

worry

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US / ˈwʌri /

UK / ˈwɜ:ri /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that causes trouble or concern
  • verb
  • To cause concern or trouble over something

accessible

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US / əkˈsesəbl /

UK / ækˈsɛsəbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Able to be entered, reached or used

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

chance

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US / tʃɑ:ns /

UK / tʃæns /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening by luck; not planned
  • Taking a risk to try something
  • noun
  • The way something happens without planning
  • An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
  • The possibility that something will happen
  • verb
  • To occur just through luck; happen
  • To take a risk to try something

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

fast

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US / fɑ:st /

UK / fæst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a way that is difficult to move or change
  • Moving or able to move quickly
  • Showing time that is later than the actual time
  • adverb
  • With a great deal of speed
  • noun
  • Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
  • verb
  • To refuse food for a long time

super

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US / ˈsu:pə(r) /

UK / ˈsupɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of the highest quality; great; marvelous

web

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US / web /

UK / wɛb /

A1
  • noun
  • Skin between ducks' toes that enables them to swim
  • Internet's collection of interrelated information
  • Net made from silk threads produced by spiders
  • Complicated set of relationships or connections

both

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US / bəuθ /

UK / boθ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time
  • pronoun
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time

hold

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US / həʊld /

UK / hold /

A1
  • noun
  • Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
  • Influence or power held over someone
  • Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
  • verb
  • To agree to keep something for someone
  • To have the capacity to support/contain something
  • To control an area and protect it from attack
  • To not allow someone to leave a place
  • To cause an event to happen at a place or time
  • To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
  • To have a specific quality or property
  • To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
  • To have or own something
  • To wait before being able to talk on the phone
  • To limit the movement of someone in a sport

plato

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US / ˈpleɪtəʊ /

UK / ˈpleɪtoʊ /

A1
  • proper noun
  • (c.429–c.347 BC), Greek philosopher. A disciple of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle, he founded

pressure

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US / 'preʃə(r) /

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Anxiety caused by difficult problems
  • Force, weight when pressing against a thing
  • Strong persuasion to do something
  • verb
  • To apply force to something
  • To persuade or force someone to do something

space

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US / speɪs /

UK / spes /

A1
  • noun
  • Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
  • Empty area with nothing in it
  • Area in the sky where the stars are
  • Area between written words on a page
  • verb
  • To make a certain distance or time between

simple

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US / 'sɪmpl /

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not hard to understand or do; not complex
  • Having only a few parts; not complex
  • Being ordinary or normal
  • Being plain; without a lot added for style

subatomic

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US / ˌsʌbəˈtɒmɪk /

UK / ˌsʌbəˈtɑmɪk /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning constituents of the atom

agree

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US / əˈgri: /

UK / əˈɡri /

A1
  • verb
  • To have the same opinion as someone else

design

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US / dɪˈzaɪn /

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
  • verb
  • To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
  • To think of a plan

figure

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US / ˈfiɡə /

UK / ˈfɪɡjɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Your body shape
  • Numbers in a calculation
  • Doll-like thing meant to represent a person
  • Picture or diagram giving information in a text
  • Person who is very important or famous
  • Shape of a person seen indistinctly or in outline
  • Amount that is expressed in numbers
  • verb
  • To appear in a game, play or event
  • To calculate how much something will cost
  • To understand after thinking; work out

due

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US / dju: /

UK / du, dju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • When something is required or expected
  • Owed to a person as a right
  • noun
  • Something you deserve; something you can expect

huge

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US / hju:dʒ /

UK / hjudʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very very large

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

distant

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US / 'dɪstənt /

UK / ˈdɪstənt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Unfriendly; cold
  • Existing or happening far away in place or time
  • (Of relationships) not being closely related

discover

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US / dɪˈskʌvə(r) /

UK / dɪˈskʌvɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To find something new that was not known before

link

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US / lɪŋk /

UK / lɪŋk /

A2
  • noun
  • Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
  • Connection between two or more things or people
  • Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
  • verb
  • To join or connect together

spot

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US / spɒt /

UK / spɑt /

A2
  • noun
  • A certain place or area
  • A difficult time; awkward situation
  • Place or ranking on a list
  • A small amount of (substance help hard work etc.)
  • Mark caused by a drop of liquid, food, etc.
  • verb
  • To see someone or something by chance

rocky

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US / 'rɒkɪ /

UK / ˈrɑki /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of a marriage, etc.) involving many difficulties
  • With abundant rocks or stones

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

bit

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US / bɪt /

UK / bɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • Small piece of something
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

approve

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US / əˈpru:v /

UK / əˈpruv /

A2
  • verb
  • To formally accept something or grant permission
  • To have a positive opinion of someone or something

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

red

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US / red /

UK / rɛd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the color of blood

scishow

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US / /

UK / /

A1

thank

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US / θæŋk /

UK / θæŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To tell someone you are grateful to them

twin

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US / twɪn /

UK / twɪn /

A2
  • noun
  • Two children born from same mother at same time
  • One of two things that closely resemble each other

billion

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US / ˈbɪljən /

UK / ˈbɪljən /

A2
  • noun
  • Number 1,000,000,000

announce

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US / əˈnaʊns /

UK / əˈnaʊns /

A2
  • verb
  • To make a public statement about a plan, decision

dollar

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US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

A1
  • noun
  • A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

original

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US / ə'rɪdʒənl /

UK / əˈrɪdʒənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being first made, thought or performed; fresh
  • Being unique or thinking differently from others

principle

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US / ˈprɪnsəpl /

UK / ˈprɪnsəpəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Moral rule or belief governing a person's behavior
  • Natural law that explains how things work

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

volume

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US / ˈvɒlju:m /

UK / ˈvɑljum, -jəm /

A2
  • noun
  • Number or amount of something e.g. sales
  • Amount of space that something takes up
  • One book that is part of a set of books
  • Level of sound produced by radio or television

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

block

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US / blɒk /

UK / blɑk /

A2
  • noun
  • Solid piece of material used for building
  • A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
  • Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
  • Building made up of offices or apartments
  • Area of a city divided by four streets
  • verb
  • To stop from going forward or making progress

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

hunter

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US / ˈhʌntə(r) /

UK / ˈhʌntɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Someone who hunts animals to kill them
  • Person's name

family

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US / 'fæməlɪ /

UK / ˈfæmli /

A1
  • noun
  • Close group of people or organizations
  • A group of people who are related through blood
  • Group of related plants or animals

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

quiet

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US / 'kwaɪət /

UK / ˈkwaɪɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Hidden, or done in a private way
  • Not loud; making very little sound
  • verb
  • To cause to become calmer or less loud

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

annoying

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US / əˈnɔɪɪŋ /

UK / əˈnɔɪɪŋ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • A little angry; upset
  • verb
  • To make someone angry

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

hard

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US / hɑ:d /

UK / hɑː(r)d /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
  • (Of alcohol) strong
  • Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
  • Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
  • Strong
  • (Of edge) clear; sharp
  • Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
  • adverb
  • With lots of force, power, or impact

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

second

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US / 'sekənd /

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 2nd; the one following first
  • noun
  • Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
  • Short period of time that you wait for someone
  • (Do) soon
  • verb
  • To agree to support a proposal at a meeting

despite

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US / dɪˈspaɪt /

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

A2
  • preposition
  • Without being affected by something; in spite of

earplug

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US / ˈɪəplʌg /

UK / ˈɪrplʌg /

A1
  • other
  • A plug of cotton, wax, or rubber that is fitted into the ear canal for protection against the entry
  • An earphone that is inserted into the ear canal

least

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US / li:st /

UK / list /

A1
  • adverb
  • In the smallest or lowest way
  • noun
  • Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

terrestrial

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US / tə'restrɪəl /

UK / təˈrɛstriəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the earth; not of, in the air or space
  • noun
  • Person who lives on earth; not an alien
  • other
  • Concerning the earth; not of, in the air or space

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

cause

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US / kɔ:z /

UK / kɔz /

A2
  • noun
  • Belief, goal or organization that people support
  • Reason for
  • verb
  • To make something happen; create effect or result

clever

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US / 'klevə(r) /

UK / ˈklɛvɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Funny in a way that shows intelligence
  • Showing intelligence; quick to understand or learn

similar

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US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Nearly the same; alike

complication

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US / ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn /

UK / ˌkɑ:mplɪˈkeɪʃn /

A2
  • noun
  • Action making something harder to do something

method

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US / 'meθəd /

UK / ˈmɛθəd /

A2
  • noun
  • (Organized and planned) way of doing something

twice

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US / twaɪs /

UK / twaɪs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Two times

typical

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US / ˈtɪpɪkl /

UK / ˈtɪpɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Normal; usual; expected

case

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US / keɪs /

UK / kes /

A1
  • noun
  • Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
  • Set of facts about a crime
  • Set of facts about an event
  • Example or instance of something
  • verb
  • To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

find

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US / faɪnd /

UK / faɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Object discovered by chance
  • Things that have been discovered from searching
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
  • To discover something by looking for it

flicker

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US / 'flɪkə(r) /

UK / ˈflɪkɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • A light from a flame moving in the wind
  • verb
  • To move waveringly, e.g. like a flame
  • (Of a flame or fire) to burn unsteadily

lesson

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US / 'lesn /

UK / ˈlɛsən /

A1
  • noun
  • Something done to learn or teach something; class
  • Wisdom or knowledge received from an experience

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

sensitive

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US / 'sensətɪv /

UK / ˈsɛnsɪtɪv /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Taking offense easily; easily upset or hurt
  • (Private information) needing careful treatment
  • Concerning awareness of small differences
  • Able to recognize the feelings of others
  • Responsive to physical touch
  • Becoming unstable

total

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US / ˈtəʊtl /

UK / ˈtoʊtl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complete
  • noun
  • Whole number or amount of something
  • verb
  • To damage a car beyond repair

tend

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US / tend /

UK / tɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To move or act in a certain manner
  • To take care of
  • To regularly behave in a certain way

watch

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US / wɒtʃ /

UK / wɑtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
  • Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
  • Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
  • verb
  • To keep in check, manage, or control something
  • To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
  • To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
  • To look at carefully to work out what is happening
  • To protect and care for someone or something

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

again

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US / ə'ɡen /

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

different

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US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

lean

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US / li:n /

UK / lin /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having a low fat content
  • Efficient; well-designed with no waste
  • Thin; slim; skinny; with little fat on your body
  • verb
  • To balance against or on something for support
  • To have a tendency to do something; favor

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said
  • Subtitles section
  • This SciShow video is supported by Linode.
  • You can get a $100 60-day credit on a new Linode account at linode.com slash SciShow.
  • In 2018, the Kepler Space Telescope retired as the MVP of exoplanet hunters.
  • When it launched nine years earlier, we only knew of about 300 planets beyond our solar system.
  • Kepler found more than two and a half thousand.
  • Over 60% of the confirmed exoplanets out there today were discovered by this one telescope.
  • So, at least in volume, the mission was a huge success.
  • But what about finding Earth's twin?
  • That's where the real excitement's gotta be, right?
  • Well, in that specific case, not so much.
  • And that's partly due to an innocent little assumption that its designers made.
  • They assumed our Sun was a typical star, but Kepler quickly proved that our Sun is even more unusual than we knew.
  • The
  • Sun is the only star we have up-close experience with, so it's pretty easy to assume that most of the other stars out there are just like it.
  • But scientists have known for more than a century that stars come in a lot of different sizes and colors.
  • And it turns out stars like our Sun, known as G-stars, make up only 6% of the ones in the galaxy.
  • Meanwhile, a whopping 73% of them are M-stars, better known as red dwarfs.
  • And while there's certainly a chance we could find a habitable, Earth-like world around one of these, there are some complications.
  • Red dwarfs are smaller and cooler than our Sun, so the zone where water can exist as a liquid, called the habitable zone, is both narrower and much closer to the star.
  • And despite the name habitable zone, a rocky planet that's the correct distance from a red dwarf for liquid water is also so close that its atmosphere probably got stripped away by all the radiation.
  • In other words, it's probably better to go hunting for Earth 2.0 around Sun 2.0, another one of those rare G-stars.
  • Most scientists have agreed on this for decades.
  • But there's another assumption that scientists made when designing Kepler, that other G-stars are just as noisy as the Sun is.
  • Now, when scientists say a star is noisy, they're not talking about needing earplugs.
  • Noise refers to random fluctuations in a star's brightness.
  • The surface of a star is constantly churning, and has lots of spots, flares, and other features that make the star's brightness randomly flicker just a little bit.
  • But this noise can be a problem because of how the Kepler telescope looked for exoplanets.
  • It stared at one patch of the sky for years, watching 150,000 stars all at the same time, looking for tiny dips in brightness that meant a planet was crossing in front and blocking a small fraction of its star's light.
  • Now, this gets easier if the planet is super big, like a gas giant.
  • Or if the star is smaller, like a red dwarf, since the planet would block a larger proportion of the total light.
  • But if you were watching the Sun from afar, the Earth passing in front would cause it to lose about 0.0085% of its brightness, or about 85 parts per million.
  • And for just 10 hours, once per year.
  • In other words, you'd need to watch the Sun for a long time, with a very sensitive telescope, to both pick up Earth's tiny dip and know that it wasn't a fluke.
  • Based on what we know about our Sun, scientists expected that Kepler would have to handle stellar noise of up to 10 parts per million.
  • Which is annoying when trying to find an 85 parts per million dip, but not overwhelming.
  • But after reviewing the first 18 months of data, astronomers realized that the flickering of G-stars was double their noise limit.
  • According to a 2011 report, almost no G-stars had less than 10 parts per million of noise, and something like 30% of them had over 50 parts per million.
  • Our Sun turned out to be the quiet one in the family, and picking out Earth-sized planets became a whole lot harder.
  • It was a massive setback, but no one was going to let this telescope that cost over half a billion dollars go to waste.
  • And when faced with a problem, scientists tend to come up with clever solutions.
  • In this case, it was actually pretty simple.
  • Just watch the stars for longer.
  • By gathering more data, astronomers could average out the random fluctuations and pick out those tiny, rocky planet dips.
  • So in late 2012, NASA approved an extension of the Kepler mission.
  • But in a twist of fate, stabilizing parts on the telescope had already started to break.
  • A few months later, Kepler could no longer hold the position it needed to continue its original mission.
  • But again, clever solutions.
  • For the next five years, scientists would use radiation from the Sun to help stabilize Kepler, and monitor stars for shorter periods of time.
  • It worked on the same principle as a solar sail.
  • Light and subatomic particles spat out by the Sun exert a small amount of pressure, like a kind of solar wind.
  • So scientists figured out how to brace the telescope against this wind and keep it steady, kind of like how you might lean against a wall to stabilize yourself when taking a picture.
  • As of 2023, scientists have found over 500 confirmed exoplanets in this second set of Kepler data.
  • And they've continued combing through the original data, as well.
  • A study from 2015 used more data than that 2011 report, combined with different methods of processing, and was both able to reduce the noise levels and reconsider the Sun's noisiness relative to stars more generally.
  • From a certain point of view, like over long timespans, it might not be as weird.
  • But what about Kepler's mission to find Earth 2.0?
  • Well, in 2011, NASA announced the discovery of Kepler-22b.
  • It's a planet just twice the size of Earth, orbiting a star similar to the Sun in its habitable zone.
  • It was the first exoplanet discovered with this combination of factors.
  • But we have to hold our space horses.
  • We still don't know exactly what the planet is made of, or if it has an atmosphere, let alone liquid water on the surface.
  • It might not even be terrestrial.
  • As of 2023, Kepler has found 361 exoplanet candidates in their star's habitable zones.
  • But so far, only 88 of those have been confirmed to actually exist, and scientists debate how many are exactly Earth-like.
  • Most of those planets aren't a perfect Earth 2.0 orbiting a Sun 2.0. But the telescope has discovered some promising candidates, including four around G-stars.
  • A definitive second Earth, habitable to life as we know it, is yet to be confirmed.
  • We'll need to follow up on the candidates Kepler found using other telescopes, like the web.
  • But in terms of finding exoplanets, Kepler was just the beginning.
  • NASA's Planet Hunting Telescope tests launched back in 2018, and the European Space Agency plans to launch PLATO in 2026.
  • With its 26 cameras and 2 billion pixel images, PLATO will really be able to peer through the noise and pick out the tiniest planetary dips.
  • So, in the end, Kepler may have struggled to see through that unexpected stellar noise.
  • But the mission taught us a valuable lesson, and paved the way for our eventual discovery of Earth's distant twin.
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