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The Worst Food for Your Teeth Is NOT SUGAR

Video vocabulary

bacteria

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US / bæk'tɪərɪə /

UK / bækˈtɪriə /

B2
  • noun
  • The very small creatures that can cause disease

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

juice

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US / dʒu:s /

UK / dʒus /

A2
  • noun
  • Liquids (often squeezed from vegetables, fruit)
  • Something that supplies power, e.g. electricity

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

interesting

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US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Taking your attention; making you want to know
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

number

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US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
  • Particular song or dance performed during a show
  • Total quantity or amount of things
  • verb
  • To put numbers on things
  • To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
  • To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

tooth

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US / tu:θ /

UK / tuθ /

A1
  • noun
  • A sharp points on the edge of a machine or tool
  • Hard white things in the mouth, used to bite

own

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US / əʊn /

UK / on /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Belong to oneself
  • determiner
  • Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
  • pronoun
  • (Something) belong to myself
  • verb
  • To have something as your property

powder

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US / 'paʊdə(r) /

UK / ˈpaʊdɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Dry material made up of small powder-like pieces
  • Dry and light form of snow
  • verb
  • To apply a dust onto the body or face

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

different

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US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

label

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US / 'leɪbl /

UK / ˈlebəl /

A2
  • noun
  • A (luxury) brand owned by a company
  • A word or term used to describe a person, thing
  • A piece of paper or material to identify something
  • verb
  • To use a term to describe, often negatively
  • To attach material to identify something

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

demineralization

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • noun
  • Abnormal loss of mineral salts (especially from bone)
  • The removal of minerals and mineral salts from a liquid (especially from water)

example

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US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing, person which represents a category

recommend

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US / ˌrekə'mend /

UK / ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To advise or suggest that someone do something

suck

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US / sʌk /

UK / sʌk /

B1
  • noun
  • Drawing of liquid into a tube or hole
  • phrasal verb
  • To trick or deceive someone into doing something
  • verb
  • To be very bad, undesirable or unpleasant
  • To be very bad, undesirable, or unpleasant
  • To pull or remove something with great power
  • To attract someone; make someone interested
  • To draw into your mouth through a small hole

yeah

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US / jeə /

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

A1
  • exclamation
  • Another way of saying 'yes'

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

alkaline

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US / ˈælkəlaɪn /

UK / ˈælkəlɪn, -ˌlaɪn /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Containing or behaving like an alkali

apple

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US / ˈæpl /

UK / ˈæpəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Hard round red or green fruit with a white center

case

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US / keɪs /

UK / kes /

A1
  • noun
  • Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
  • Set of facts about a crime
  • Set of facts about an event
  • Example or instance of something
  • verb
  • To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

type

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US / taɪp /

UK / taɪp /

A1
  • noun
  • Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
  • Group of things or people sharing common features
  • verb
  • To identify something belonging to a group
  • To write by touching keys on a keyboard

watch

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US / wɒtʃ /

UK / wɑtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
  • Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
  • Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
  • verb
  • To keep in check, manage, or control something
  • To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
  • To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
  • To look at carefully to work out what is happening
  • To protect and care for someone or something

sticky

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US / ˈstɪki /

UK / ˈstɪki /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Easy to adhere or stick to other things
  • (Of weather/a day) uncomfortably hot and humid

any

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US / 'enɪ /

UK / ˈɛni /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One, or some, no matter which
  • pronoun
  • One (thing) of many; some

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

citric

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US / ˈsɪtrɪk /

UK / ˈsɪtrɪk /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning an acid often obtained from lemons

another

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US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One more, but not this
  • determiner
  • One more added
  • pronoun
  • One more (thing)

fructose

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US / ˈfrʌktəʊs /

UK / ˈfrʌktoʊs /

A1
  • noun
  • Simple sugar found in honey and in many ripe fruits

lemon

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US / 'lemən /

UK / ˈlɛmən /

B2
  • noun
  • Badly made or poorly functioning product
  • Small yellow fruit with sour juice

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

caramel

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US / ˈkærəmel /

UK / ˈkærəməl, -ˌmɛl, ˈkɑrməl /

C1
  • noun
  • Brown, chewy candy

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

sugar

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US / ˈʃʊgə(r) /

UK / ˈʃʊɡɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Substance which the body stores or uses for energy
  • Amount of sugar contained in a small spoon
  • Used to address someone you like or love
  • White sweet substance used to make foods sweeter
  • verb
  • To add, put on, or mix a food or drink with sugar

vinegar

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US / ˈvɪnɪgə(r) /

UK / ˈvɪnɪɡɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Sharp-tasting liquid made from sour wine, malt etc.

anything

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US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • A thing of any kind

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

digestive

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US / daɪˈdʒestɪv /

UK / daɪˈdʒɛstɪv, dɪ- /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning processes of converting food to energy

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

clean

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US / kli:n /

UK / klin /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not marked in any way; blank
  • Done according to the rules or standards; fair
  • Free from disease or sickness
  • Being free from dirt or marks; washed
  • Behaving well; not breaking any rules; legal
  • adverb
  • Completely; entirely
  • verb
  • To make free from dirt or marks; washed
  • To make neat and orderly e.g. a room
  • To remove the inner parts of an animal

normally

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US / ˈnɔ:məli /

UK / ˈnɔːrməli /

B1
  • adverb
  • In the manner that is usual or ordinary

put

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US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

drink

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US / drɪŋk /

UK / drɪŋk /

A1
  • noun
  • A liquid that you put in your mouth
  • verb
  • To put water in your body through your mouth

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

recipe

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US / 'resəpɪ /

UK / ˈrɛsəˌpi /

B1
  • noun
  • Conditions likely to create a particular result
  • Directions for making a dish, with the ingredients

beyond

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US / bɪ'jɒnd /

UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /

A2
  • adverb
  • On or to the farther side
  • In addition to
  • preposition
  • Later in time than
  • Out of the limits of

keep

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US / ki:p /

UK / kip /

A1
  • noun
  • Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
  • Money spent on you so you can live in a place
  • verb
  • To continue doing something; not to stop
  • To stop balls going in a goal in sports
  • To not give back or return something
  • (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
  • To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
  • To have and continue to hold something
  • To do something that you have promised or agreed
  • To stay in a certain place or condition
  • To maintain the rules

something

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US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

corn

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US / kɔ:n /

UK / kɔrn /

B1
  • noun
  • Small, painful hard spot on the foot
  • Plant with many yellow seeds used as food

severely

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US / sə'vɪrlɪ /

UK / səˈvɪrlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • Extremely bad or harsh

too

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition, also; with emphasis
  • Say that something is more than you want

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

soda

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US / ˈsəʊdə /

UK / ˈsoʊdə /

B2
  • noun
  • Sweet bubbly flavored drink

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

guess

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US / ɡes /

UK / ɡɛs /

A1
  • noun
  • Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
  • verb
  • To give an answer without knowing if it is correct

diet

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US / 'daɪət /

UK / ˈdaɪɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Plan of eating to reduce weight or improve health
  • other
  • The usual food and drink consumed by an organism (person or animal)
  • verb
  • To eat special or less food, as to lose weight

liquid

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US / ˈlɪkwɪd /

UK / ˈlɪkwɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of wealth) being able to be spent as cash
  • In a state of being uncertain
  • Moving in a flowing manner, like water or oil
  • noun
  • Something that is similar to the state of water

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

certain

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US / ˈsə:tn /

UK / ˈsɚtn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Definite, fixed
  • Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
  • Being sure about something; without doubt

ever

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US / 'evə(r) /

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At any time; at all times in the future

explain

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US / ɪk'spleɪn /

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

A1
  • verb
  • To make clear or easy to understand by describing

sure

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US / ʃʊə(r) /

UK / ʃʊr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having no doubts about something
  • Have confidence in your own words or actions
  • Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
  • Being correct or true
  • adverb
  • What you say to agree willingly

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

should

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US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

eat

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US / i:t /

UK / it /

A1
  • verb
  • To put food in your mouth

probably

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US / ˈprɒbəbli /

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

A1
  • adverb
  • That is likely to happen or be true

chew

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US / tʃu: /

UK / tʃu: /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of biting something many times
  • verb
  • To bite something many times without swallowing it

true

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US / tru: /

UK / tru: /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

actually

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US / ˈæktʃuəli /

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to add new (often different) information

maltodextrin

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US / ˌmæltəʊ'dekstrən /

UK / ˌmæltoʊ'dekstrən /

A1
  • noun
  • Dextrin containing maltose, used as a food additive.

sodium

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US / 'səʊdɪəm /

UK / ˈsodiəm /

B2
  • noun
  • A soft, white chemical element

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

stick

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US / stɪk /

UK / stɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • Long thin piece of wood from a tree
  • verb
  • To push a sharp or pointed object into something
  • To join together using glue or paste
  • To remain in one place or position for a long time

big

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US / bɪɡ /

UK / bɪɡ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Popular
  • Serious
  • Large

lollipop

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US / ˈlɔli:ˌpɔp /

UK / ˈlɑliˌpɑp /

B2
  • noun
  • Candy on a stick

natural

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US / ˈnætʃərəl /

UK / ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
  • Not made by humans; without human intervention

might

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US / maɪt /

UK / maɪt /

A1
  • other
  • Used to politely request an action
  • Used to express that something could happen
  • Power, strength, force or influence

bottle

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US / 'bɒtl /

UK / ˈbɑtl /

A1
  • noun
  • Container with a narrow neck used to hold liquids
  • verb
  • To put something into a bottle to store it

expose

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US / ɪk'spəʊz /

UK / ɪkˈspoʊz /

A2
  • noun
  • News article revealing secret information
  • verb
  • To make visible, without covering or protection
  • To allow light through a cameras lens onto film
  • To be talked about in the media
  • To make a secret known to the public
  • To experience something, often a harmful thing

fruit

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US / fru:t /

UK / frut /

A1
  • noun
  • Result or product of something
  • Food that grows on a tree or bush, usually sweet
  • verb
  • To grow e.g. apples, bananas, as a plant or a tree

shortly

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US / ˈʃɔ:tli /

UK / ˈʃɔrtli /

B1
  • adverb
  • Quickly; soon; in a moment
  • In an unfriendly or rude way

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

wash

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US / wɒʃ /

UK / wɑ:ʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Clothes or other items that need cleaning
  • Movement of water with or against something else
  • verb
  • To clean someone or something with soap and water
  • To move somewhere by flowing

apparently

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US / əˈpærəntli /

UK / əˈpærəntlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • According to what you heard; from what can be seen

syrup

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US / ˈsɪrəp /

UK / ˈsɪrəp, ˈsɚ- /

B2
  • noun
  • Sugary liquid e.g. used on pancakes

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

erosion

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US / ɪ'rəʊʒn /

UK / ɪˈrəʊʒ(ə)n /

B1
  • noun
  • Process of wearing away by water, wind, or ice

five

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US / faɪv /

UK / faɪv /

A1
  • number
  • 5

less

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US / les /

UK / lɛs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Smaller in amount or degree
  • adverb
  • To a smaller degree
  • noun
  • A smaller amount
  • preposition
  • With the subtraction of

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

pasteurize

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US / ˈpɑ:stʃəraɪz /

UK / ˈpæstʃəraɪz /

C2
  • verb
  • To heat food to kill harmful microorganisms

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

pull

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US / pʊl /

UK / pʊl /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
  • Force something has that draws other things to it
  • Using your hands to move something to you
  • verb
  • To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
  • To hold something and move it toward you
  • To remove something by force

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

versus

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US / ˈvə:səs /

UK / ˈvɚsəs, -səz /

A2
  • preposition
  • Used to show that two things are competing

bad

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US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

kiddie

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US / 'kɪdɪ /

UK / ˈkɪdi /

A1
  • noun
  • A young child.

term

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US / tɜ:m /

UK / tɚm /

A1
  • noun
  • Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
  • Length of time something is expected to happen
  • Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
  • The (precise) name given to something
  • verb
  • To call; give a name to

three

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US / θri: /

UK / θri /

A1
  • number
  • Number 3

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

junk

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US / dʒʌŋk /

UK / dʒʌŋk /

B1
  • noun
  • Something that is old, useless, or has no value
  • verb
  • To get rid of something because it has no value

super

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US / ˈsu:pə(r) /

UK / ˈsupɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of the highest quality; great; marvelous

top

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US / tɒp /

UK / tɑp /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good or great; excellent
  • Being the most in degree or quality
  • noun
  • Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
  • A cover or lid
  • Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
  • Highest or upper part or point of something
  • Best or highest status or position
  • Flat upper surface or edge of an object
  • Child's toy that spins on its point
  • Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
  • Winning in a sport or contest
  • verb
  • To be higher or larger than a specific value
  • To arrive at the highest point of something
  • To put a cover or layer or over something
  • To kill; murder
  • To hold the highest position on a list
  • To be more important, successful or better than
  • To beat someone or win at a game

mineral

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US / 'mɪnərəl /

UK / ˈmɪnərəl /

B1
  • noun
  • Substance naturally formed in the ground

constantly

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US / ˈkɒnstəntli /

UK / ˈkɑnstəntlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • Frequently, or without pause

list

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US / lɪst /

UK / lɪst /

A1
  • noun
  • Lean of a boat to one side
  • Series of written names, words or numbers
  • verb
  • To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
  • To present for sale for a specific price
  • To write a series of names, words, or numbers

pretty

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US / 'prɪtɪ /

UK / ˈprɪti /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • adverb
  • Very; to a great degree

else

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US / els /

UK / ɛls /

A1
  • adverb
  • Otherwise; if you fail to
  • (Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

topic

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US / 'tɒpɪk /

UK / ˈtɑpɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • Subject or issue people talk or write about

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

add

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US / æd /

UK / æd /

A1
  • verb
  • To include as well
  • To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

bathe

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US / beɪð /

UK / beð /

B1
  • verb
  • To be covered completely in something, e.g. light
  • To swim at the beach or in a river
  • To wash yourself or others in a bath

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

swish

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US / swɪʃ /

UK / swɪʃ /

C1
  • verb
  • To move with a soft brushing or sweeping sound

calcium

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US / 'kælsɪəm /

UK / ˈkælsiəm /

C2
  • noun
  • A substance important for making bones and teeth

act

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US / ækt /

UK / ækt /

A1
  • noun
  • What someone did; action; behavior
  • A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
  • One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
  • verb
  • To behave in a certain way
  • To perform on a stage or in a movie

believe

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US / bɪ'li:v /

UK / bɪˈliv /

A1
  • verb
  • To think or accept that something is true
  • To have a particular opinion about something

fermentation

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US / ˌfɜ:men'teɪʃn /

UK / ˌfə:mənˈteʃən, -mɛn- /

B2
  • noun
  • Chemical change that produces alcohol in a liquid

modify

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US / ˈmɒdɪfaɪ /

UK / ˈmɑ:dɪfaɪ /

B1
  • verb
  • To make minor change to something

regular

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US / ˈregjələ(r) /

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having an equal amount of space or time in between
  • Occurring or being done frequently
  • Being normal, usual, or average
  • noun
  • Customers who frequently visit a place
  • Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

whether

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US / ˈweðə(r) /

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

A1
  • conjunction
  • If something will happen or not

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

food

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US / fu:d /

UK / fud /

A1
  • noun
  • What people and animals eat to live
  • Things taken in by plants to maintain life
  • A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

powerful

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US / ˈpauəful /

UK / ˈpaʊəfəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having control or influence over
  • Having a lot of physical force, energy, strength

candy

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US / ˈkændi /

UK / ˈkændi /

B2
  • noun
  • Small sweet foods made mostly of sugar
  • verb
  • To coat food with sugar

seven

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US / ˈsevn /

UK / ˈsɛvən /

A1
  • number
  • Number 7

usually

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US / ˈju:ʒuəli /

UK / ˈjuːʒuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Normally; regularly

want

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US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

video

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US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a moving film, with sound
  • noun
  • Recording capturing action with sound
  • verb
  • To make a moving film of, with sound

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

synthetically

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US / sɪn'θetɪklɪ /

UK / sɪnˈθɛtɪkl:ɪ /

C2
  • adverb
  • By combining artificial elements

potassium

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US / pəˈtæsiəm /

UK / pəˈtæsiəm /

B2
  • noun
  • A common, soft, silvery white metal with many uses

neutral

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US / ˈnju:trəl /

UK / ˈnu:trəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Something with pH value of 7
  • Having no positive or negative electrical charge
  • Not supporting either side in a war, etc.
  • Not taking either side in a debate; not involved
  • noun
  • Color that is dull and not bright, such as gray
  • The rest position for gears in a car or vehicle
  • Person/country not supporting a side in a war, etc.

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

especially

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US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

A1
  • adverb
  • More than usual; extremely

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

stone

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US / stəʊn /

UK / stoʊn /

A2
  • noun
  • Hard, solid piece of rock
  • verb
  • To kill as a punishment, by throwing stones at

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

reflux

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US / 'ri:flʌks /

UK / 'ri:ˌflʌks /

A1
  • noun
  • Backward movement

compare

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US / kəm'peə(r) /

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

A1
  • verb
  • To consider how similar and different things are

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

definitely

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US / ˈdefɪnətli /

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

A2
  • adverb
  • Without question; beyond doubt

smart

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US / smɑ:t /

UK / smɑ:rt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Fashionable; well-dressed; well-groomed
  • Looking clean, neat and stylish
  • (Of phones, weapons) with clever features
  • Associated with rich, popular and stylish people
  • Clever; with intelligence
  • adverb
  • Energetic or quick in motion or movement
  • In a clever way; with intelligence
  • noun
  • Feeling of being hurt and upset
  • Sharp, burning pain
  • verb
  • To feel hurt or upset
  • To hurt with an unexpected sharp or burning pain

water

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US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
  • Large area such as an ocean or sea
  • verb
  • (Of the eyes) to produce tears
  • (Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
  • To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

dextrose

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US / ˈdekstrəʊz /

UK / ˈdekstroʊz /

A1
  • noun
  • Isomer of glucose that is found in honey and sweet fruits

since

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US / sɪns /

UK / sɪns /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a point before the present time
  • conjunction
  • For this reason; because
  • preposition
  • From the time in the past that

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

unique

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US / jʊ'ni:k /

UK / juˈnik /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Unlike other things; being the only one like it

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

consume

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US / kən'sju:m /

UK / kənˈsum /

A2
  • verb
  • To eat, drink, buy or use up something
  • To take all your energy; focus the attention

check

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US / tʃek /

UK / tʃɛk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Decorated with squares made up of lines
  • noun
  • Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
  • Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
  • A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
  • Mark used to show that something is correct
  • Procedure to prevent errors or control something
  • verb
  • To confirm the details of something are correct
  • To leave your things with staff who look after it
  • To examine something to see if something is wrong
  • To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

highly

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US / ˈhaɪli /

UK / 'haɪlɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In a manner that shows approval
  • More than usual; to a great degree

magnesium

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US / mægˈni:ziəm /

UK / mæɡˈniziəm,-ʒəm /

C2
  • noun
  • Silver, white metal burning with a white flame

microbe

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US / ˈmaɪkrəʊb /

UK / ˈmaɪkroʊb /

C1
  • noun
  • Very small, microscopic, living thing

situation

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US / ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn /

UK / ˌsɪtʃuˈeʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Place, position or area that something is in
  • Circumstance or condition surrounding an event
  • An unexpected problem or difficulty

differentiate

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US / ˌdɪfə'renʃɪeɪt /

UK / ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃiˌet /

B1
  • verb
  • To see or show how things are not the same

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

strong

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US / strɒŋ /

UK / strɔŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of tea or beer) dark or thick
  • Having big muscles; physically powerful

system

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US / 'sɪstəm /

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Working in an organized, logical way
  • noun
  • Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

starch

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US / stɑ:tʃ /

UK / stɑ:rtʃ /

B2
  • noun
  • Substance in food changed to energy in the body
  • Substance used to make clothes stiff when ironing
  • verb
  • To make clothing stiff using a special substance

chelator

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US / ki:'leɪtə /

UK / 'kɪleɪdə /

A1
  • noun

erode

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US / ɪ'rəʊd /

UK / ɪˈrod /

B1
  • verb
  • To destroy something gradually; be destroyed thus
  • To wear away gradually by water, ice or wind

gummy

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US / ˈgʌmi /

UK / ˈɡʌmi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having the sticky properties of an adhesive; covered with adhesive gum

stuff

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US / stʌf /

UK / stʌf /

A1
  • noun
  • Generic description for things, materials, objects
  • verb
  • To push material inside something, with force

talk

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US / tɔ:k /

UK / tɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Style of speaking
  • Discussion between two countries
  • Giving information in front of people; lecture
  • Saying things or ideas to someone with words
  • verb
  • To make a formal speech about something
  • To say things or ideas to someone with words

amount

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US / ə'maʊnt /

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Quantity of something
  • verb
  • To add up to a certain figure

citrate

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US / 'sɪtreɪt /

UK / 'sɪtreɪt /

C2
  • noun
  • Salt or ester of citric acid

difference

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US / 'dɪfrəns /

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

A1
  • noun
  • A thing or issue that people do not agree about
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

period

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US / ˈpɪəriəd /

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

A1
  • noun
  • Set amount of time during which events take place
  • A way to emphasize what you will say
  • A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
  • A menstrual cycle
  • A set time for a class to be held

claw

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US / klɔ: /

UK / klɔ /

B1
  • noun
  • Long, sharp, and usually curved nail of an animal
  • verb
  • To dig or pull with the nails or fingers

increase

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US / ɪn'kri:s /

UK / ɪnˈkris /

A1
  • noun
  • Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
  • verb
  • To make or become larger in size or amount

feed

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US / fi:d /

UK / fid /

A2
  • noun
  • Food given to animals
  • verb
  • To give food, e.g. to animals or a baby
  • To push something through an opening
  • To provide necessary supplies to

pure

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US / pjʊə(r) /

UK / pjʊr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not mixed with anything else
  • Being morally good

six

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US / sɪks /

UK / sɪks /

A1
  • number
  • 6

spit

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US / spɪt /

UK / spɪt /

B1
  • verb
  • To forcefully blow saliva out from your mouth

lime

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US / laɪm /

UK / laɪm /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Bright green color
  • noun
  • White containing calcium used in farming
  • Small, round and sour fruit with hard green skin

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

dangerous

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US / ˈdeɪndʒərəs /

UK / ˈdendʒərəs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Involving the chance of hurt or damage; risky

exposure

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US / ɪk'spəʊʒə(r) /

UK / ɪkˈspoʒɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Allowing light through a cameras lens onto film
  • Being talked about in the media
  • Act of making something that is secret known
  • Experience of something directly

process

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US / prə'ses /

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Dealing with official forms in the way required
  • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
  • verb
  • To organize and use data in a computer
  • To deal with official forms in the way required
  • To prepare by treating something in a certain way
  • To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
  • To convert by putting something through a machine

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

bear

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US / bɛː /

UK / bɛr /

A2
  • noun
  • Large brown animal with fur that lives in forests
  • Someone who expects stock market to fall
  • verb
  • To accept (responsibilities or duties)
  • To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
  • To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
  • To keep moving left or right while going forward
  • To show (sign of something)
  • To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge

problem

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US / ˈprɒbləm /

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Causing trouble
  • noun
  • Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
  • Question to show understanding of a math concept

phosphoric

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US / fɒsˈfɒrɪk /

UK / ˈfɑsfərɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Containing or characteristic of phosphorus

end

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US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

loss

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US / lɒs /

UK / lɔ:s /

A2
  • noun
  • Friend, family, or other loved person's death
  • Decrease or decline in quantity or amount
  • Experience or state of failing to have or keep
  • A situation when you lose a game
  • Process of failing to have or keep something
  • Difficulty or trouble caused by someone's leaving
  • Situation when more money is spent than is earned

toothpaste

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US / ˈtu:θpeɪst /

UK / ˈtuθˌpest /

B2
  • noun
  • A paste used for cleaning teeth

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

slightly

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US / ˈslaɪtli /

UK / ˈslaɪtli /

B1
  • adverb
  • Only a little

mouth

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US / maʊθ /

UK / maʊθ /

A1
  • noun
  • Hole in the face used for eating and talking
  • Opening of a container such as a bottle
  • Area where a river enters a large body of water
  • verb
  • To say words without speaking
  • Subtitles section
  • You know, the worst food for your teeth is not sugar.
  • Now, it is true that sugar does increase bacteria that make more acids that can erode your teeth, but there's a much worse type of acid that will severely erode your teeth and it doesn't have anything to do with sugar.
  • Of course, if we talk about fruit juice, like apple juice or orange juice is five times worse than soda for your teeth.
  • Yeah.
  • Interesting.
  • And I'm going to explain why that is in just a minute.
  • Diet soda compared to regular soda.
  • Can you take a guess what's worse for your teeth?
  • Believe it or not, diet soda might be worse, and I'm going to explain why that is as well.
  • Number two, candy, the stuff that you suck on like a lollipop, for example.
  • You're constantly exposing your teeth to a lot of sugar, and that could definitely create microbes that make more acid.
  • Number three, powdered starches.
  • Starches can act just like a sugar and feed these microbes and create the acids.
  • And that would be like modified food starch or modified corn starch or maltodextrin, which is in pretty much most junk foods.
  • And then we just get liquid sugar as in high fructose corn syrup drinks, right?
  • And I'm talking about the ones that you have added sugar.
  • In this case, you're not chewing, you're just bathing the teeth in just pure sugar.
  • And just if we differentiate between natural sugars, like if you eat fruit versus drink the juice from fruit, especially if it's pasteurized, there's a big difference.
  • And then number five, we get into actual sodas with phosphoric acid.
  • And believe it or not, phosphoric acid is not the worst acid for your teeth.
  • There's another one that's actually way more dangerous, but phosphoric acid is not good.
  • It's going to leach the calcium out of your teeth.
  • So here you have a soda with not just liquid candy syrup, like high fructose corn syrup, but also the phosphoric acid.
  • But there's something else in there, which I'm getting to very shortly.
  • Number six is like the gummy bears.
  • It sticks to your teeth.
  • So now we have the situation where we take the sugar and we stick it to the teeth and we keep the exposure there longer, which is going to increase more bacterial fermentation and more acid.
  • And you also have the caramel too in different candies that are sticky, but the gummy bears are at the top of the list.
  • Now there's other things too that people will talk about like acid reflux coming up and ending up on your teeth.
  • Of course, that's still not the acid that I'm going to talk about.
  • The acid that is the worst for your teeth
  • I'm going to just read this off some of this sugar water right here and see if I can see this right here.
  • It says water, sugar, dextrose, and citric acid.
  • That is the worst thing for your teeth, citric acid.
  • Now, citric acid, isn't that a natural thing?
  • Yeah, it's in lemons and limes and things like that, but they also make it synthetically.
  • And apparently, what's unique about citric acid is that it's a very powerful chelator for calcium.
  • If you saw my video on kiddy stones, you take lemon juice.
  • Why?
  • Because the citric acid binds with the calcium.
  • So, it's a super strong chelator, which means to claw and bind to the mineral calcium.
  • And so, if you're consuming this in certain amounts, you're basically eroding your teeth and you're pulling this calcium out of the teeth.
  • And what's interesting is that the pH is not even that acid.
  • This is like going beyond just the acid problem.
  • And if you ever read the label on a juice bottle, guess what they add in there?
  • Citric acid.
  • What do they put in diet sodas?
  • Citric acid.
  • And out of all the citrates, it's the trisodium citrate that's the worst.
  • And it's usually labeled as sodium citrate.
  • So citrate is citric acid.
  • Same thing.
  • And that is the worst acid for erosion of your teeth.
  • Normally, your pH should be slightly neutral or alkaline, which is basically just slightly above seven.
  • If the pH gets down around five point five or less, that's when you start to get erosion and the loss of
  • minerals, not just calcium.
  • You basically get demineralization of your teeth.
  • So what does this mean in practical terms?
  • It means that if you consume anything, you should probably take some water, gargle with it, and swish it in your mouth and spit it out just so you can clean your teeth of anything, whether it's sugar or citric acid.
  • I think that would be a smart thing to do.
  • And also other acids, I would highly recommend that you
  • use the same process of washing your teeth out with water after you consume apple cider vinegar.
  • And of course, start reading labels to make sure you're not consuming so much citrate in these products.
  • Now, if you're consuming like a potassium citrate or magnesium citrate,
  • That's a different situation.
  • That's actually bound with a mineral and you're not going to leach out your teeth.
  • It's going to go into your digestive system and it's not going to be a problem.
  • But anything that actually exposes the citrate to your teeth for any period of time, you have to really watch out for.
  • Now, since we're on the topic of teeth, I think it'd be a really good idea for you to have a good recipe to make your own toothpaste.
  • And if you want to check that out, I put it up right here.