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Why Aliens Might Love Their Frozen Home

Video vocabulary

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

below

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US / bɪ'ləʊ /

UK / bɪˈlo /

A1
  • preposition
  • In a lower position, place, or level

average

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US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
  • noun
  • Total of numbers divided by the number of items
  • verb
  • To add numbers then divide by the number of items

body

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US / ˈbɒd.i /

UK / ˈbɑdi /

A1
  • noun
  • An object distinct from other objects
  • A group of people involved in an activity together
  • Main part of something
  • A person's physical self

jupiter

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US / ˈdʒu:pɪtə(r) /

UK / ˈdʒupɪtɚ /

A1
  • proper noun
  • The largest planet in the solar system, a gas giant which is the fifth in order from the sun and one
  • The chief god of the Roman state religion, originally a sky god associated with thunder and lightnin

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

pump

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US / pʌmp /

UK / pʌmp /

B1
  • noun
  • A device more moving liquids
  • Light woman's shoe
  • verb
  • To make liquid or gas flow in a particular direction
  • To make water/other liquid move using a machine
  • To move in or out, or up and down quickly
  • asking for information in an indirect way

universe

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US / ˈju:nɪvɜ:s /

UK / ˈjunəˌvɚs /

B2
  • noun
  • All of space that contains planets and stars
  • Things surrounding a person, affecting their life

another

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US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One more, but not this
  • determiner
  • One more added
  • pronoun
  • One more (thing)

fertile

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US / 'fɜ:taɪl /

UK / ˈfɚtl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of imagination, etc.) working strongly; productive
  • Capable of producing children or young
  • Able to produce a lot of plants, e.g. food plants

environment

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US / ɪn'vaɪrənmənt /

UK / ɛnˈvaɪrənmənt, -ˈvaɪən- /

A1
  • noun
  • Natural world in which plants and animals live
  • The entire surrounding conditions of something

zone

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US / zəʊn /

UK / zoʊn /

B1
  • noun
  • Area of space designated for a particular use
  • verb
  • To divide an area for a particular reason

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

agency

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US / 'eɪdʒənsɪ /

UK / ˈedʒənsi /

B1
  • noun
  • Business that provides some service for others

double

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US / 'dʌbl /

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or intended for use by two people
  • Two times the amount or degree; twice
  • Made of two parts that are the same, similar
  • noun
  • Person that is exactly like someone else
  • verb
  • To be used for two functions at the same time
  • To make or become twice as much

icy

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US / 'aɪsɪ /

UK / ˈaɪsi /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very cold; with frozen water on it, or in it
  • Not very friendly or kind

radiation

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US / ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn /

UK / ˌrediˈeʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Energy transmitted as rays, waves or particles
  • Process of emitting something in waves
  • Harmful waves of energy from nuclear activity

picture

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US / 'pɪktʃə(r) /

UK / ˈpɪktʃɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • General situation or state of being
  • Mental image of what something is or looks like
  • Movie; film
  • Painting, drawing or photograph on paper or screen
  • verb
  • To understand or imagine something
  • To imagine someone or something in an image

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

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US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

challenger

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US / 'tʃælɪndʒə(r) /

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Rival; someone who opposes you

base

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US / beɪs /

UK / bes /

A2
  • noun
  • Place military personnel live, train, and operate
  • Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
  • Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
  • Most important idea or ingredient to add others
  • Origin or start from which something came
  • Main place where an organization or a person works
  • verb
  • To use as the starting point or origin for
  • To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

extraterrestrial

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US / ˌekstrətəˈrestriəl /

UK / ˌɛkstrətəˈrɛstriəl /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Originating, located or occurring outside Earth

galaxy

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US / 'ɡæləksɪ /

UK / ˈɡæləksi /

B2
  • noun
  • A group of stars and planets in space

hope

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US / həʊp /

UK / hop /

A1
  • noun
  • When you wish something will happen; what you wish
  • verb
  • To expect and want something to happen

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

until

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US / ənˈtɪl /

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Up to; to a time when something happens
  • preposition
  • Before (a specific time)

experiment

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US / ɪk'sperɪmənt /

UK / ɪkˈspɛrəmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
  • verb
  • To create and perform tests to research something
  • To try something new that you haven't tried before

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

perfect

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US / 'pɜ:fɪkt /

UK / ˈpɚfɪkt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • So good it cannot be improved
  • verb
  • To do something so well, it cannot be done better

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

love

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US / lʌv /

UK / lʌv /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • A very strong feeling of affection
  • The person you care very deeply about
  • Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
  • verb
  • To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
  • To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
  • To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction

hydrate

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US / 'haɪdreɪt /

UK / ˈhaɪˌdret /

C2
  • verb
  • To give or add water to something or someone

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

entire

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US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

visible

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US / ˈvɪzəbl /

UK / ˈvɪzəbəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Can see, easily seen or understood
  • Being obvious or easy to see

term

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US / tɜ:m /

UK / tɚm /

A1
  • noun
  • Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
  • Length of time something is expected to happen
  • Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
  • The (precise) name given to something
  • verb
  • To call; give a name to

surface

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US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
  • noun
  • Top layer of the ground or of water
  • Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
  • Outside or upper layer of something
  • verb
  • To give (road) a top layer
  • To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
  • To come to the top of something; emerge
  • To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

bad

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US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

shocked

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US / ʃɒkt /

UK / ʃɑːkt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very upset by some unexpected event
  • verb
  • To affect someone with an electrical current
  • To cause great surprise, horror, or anger

predict

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US / prɪ'dɪkt /

UK / prɪˈdɪkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To guess or estimate what will or might happen

subsist

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US / səb'sɪst /

UK / səbˈsɪst /

B1
  • verb
  • To live or exist with very little food or money

originally

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US / əˈrɪdʒənəli /

UK / əˈrɪdʒənəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • At first; in the beginning
  • In a new and unique manner

less

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US / les /

UK / lɛs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Smaller in amount or degree
  • adverb
  • To a smaller degree
  • noun
  • A smaller amount
  • preposition
  • With the subtraction of

giant

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US / 'dʒaɪənt /

UK / ˈdʒaɪənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very large, or much bigger than other things
  • noun
  • Tall, large, and powerful human-like creatures
  • Very successful, powerful person or organization

comet

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US / ˈkɒmɪt /

UK / ˈkɑ:mət /

B2
  • noun
  • Moving object in space, with a long, bright tail

answer

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US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

UK / ˈænsɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Reply to a question someone asks
  • Solution to a problem or test question
  • verb
  • To reply to a question someone asks
  • To solve a test question or a problem

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

researcher

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US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃə(r) /

UK / rɪˈsətʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Someone who works to find new facts and ideas

person

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US / 'pɜ:sn /

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

A1
  • noun
  • Man, woman or child

material

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US / məˈtɪəriəl /

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
  • Belonging to the world of physical things
  • noun
  • Cloth; fabric
  • Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
  • Substance from which a thing is made of

might

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US / maɪt /

UK / maɪt /

A1
  • other
  • Used to politely request an action
  • Used to express that something could happen
  • Power, strength, force or influence

little

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US / 'lɪtl /

UK / ˈlɪtl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being short in length of time
  • Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
  • Being very young or younger than others
  • adverb
  • By an amount or degree that is not very much
  • Not often; rarely
  • noun
  • A person's name

big

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US / bɪɡ /

UK / bɪɡ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Popular
  • Serious
  • Large

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

squish

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US / skwɪʃ /

UK / skwɪʃ /

C2
  • verb
  • To walk through mud or puddles

spite

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US / spaɪt /

UK / spaɪt /

B2
  • noun
  • Wish to hurt another person; malice; maliciousness
  • verb
  • To deliberately annoy or frustrate someone

live

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US / lɪv /

UK / liv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
  • Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
  • Glowing because burning; hot
  • Not yet killed (for food)
  • adverb
  • (Music, drama) as it is performed
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

kind

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US / kaɪnd /

UK / kaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a caring and helpful manner
  • friendly and considerate
  • noun
  • One type of thing

fine

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US / faɪn /

UK / faɪn /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Good, acceptable or satisfactory
  • Of high quality; made with great skill
  • In a careful or exact manner; into small pieces
  • Being of high quality
  • Good; okay; no problem
  • (Of weather) good; not raining
  • noun
  • Money you have to pay because you broke a rule
  • verb
  • To pay money because you broke a law

destructive

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US / dɪ'strʌktɪv /

UK / dɪˈstrʌktɪv /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Causing a very large amount of damage

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

plant

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US / plɑ:nt /

UK / plænt /

A2
  • noun
  • Factory or a place where things are made
  • Living thing with leaves and roots growing in soil
  • verb
  • To firmly position something (in the ground)
  • To put seeds, flowers, trees in the ground

neutron

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US / ˈnu:ˌtrɔn, ˈnju:- /

UK / ˈnuˌtrɑn, ˈnju- /

A1
  • noun
  • Charge and mass about equal to a proton; enters into the structure of the atomic nucleus

level

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US / 'levl /

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Sports) equal to another
  • Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
  • noun
  • Specific height of something
  • Amount of ability you have compared to others
  • Floor or deck within a building
  • Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
  • verb
  • To aim a gun at someone
  • To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
  • To make things flat or even
  • To make a score equal to another, in sports

deep

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US / di:p /

UK / dip /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complex and important
  • Extreme or intense
  • Going far down from the surface
  • Low in pitch, as a sound
  • adverb
  • At a certain distance beneath the surface

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

subscription

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US / səbˈskrɪpʃn /

UK / səbˈskrɪpʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Regular payment for a service, magazine etc.

may

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US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

free

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US / fri: /

UK / fri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Living, happening without being controlled
  • Costing no money
  • Not working; not busy
  • verb
  • To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

wait

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US / weɪt /

UK / wet /

A1
  • verb
  • To delay or not do something until later
  • To spend time until an expected thing happens
  • To remain in a place until a thing happens

stem

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US / stem /

UK / stɛm /

B1
  • noun
  • Long thin central part of a plant, bearing leaves
  • Long thin part supporting something e.g. a light
  • Main part of a word, e.g. 'use' in 'useful'
  • verb
  • To remove the stem of a flower or fruit
  • To start from or be the origin of
  • To stop something bad from spreading or developing

publish

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US / 'pʌblɪʃ /

UK / ˈpʌblɪʃ /

A2
  • verb
  • To prepare and make available a book magazine etc.
  • To release information to the general public

safe

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US / seɪf /

UK / sef /

A2
  • noun
  • Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
  • adjecitve
  • Highly likely
  • Being out of danger

probably

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US / ˈprɒbəbli /

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

A1
  • adverb
  • That is likely to happen or be true

planetary

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US / ˈplænətri /

UK / ˈplænɪˌtɛri /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the orbital characteristics of a planet

habitat

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US / 'hæbɪtæt /

UK / ˈhæbɪˌtæt /

B1
  • noun
  • Natural place where a plant or animal lives

inside

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US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being in something
  • Being in a building
  • adverb
  • Into a house; indoors
  • noun
  • Inner part or surface of something

imagine

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US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To think creatively about; form mental picture of

gravity

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US / ˈgrævəti /

UK / ˈɡrævɪti /

B1
  • noun
  • (Of a situation) extreme seriousness
  • Force making things fall towards the ground

visit

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US / ˈvɪzɪt /

UK / ˈvɪzɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Trip to a place for a time, usually for a reason
  • verb
  • To go to a place for a time, usually for a reason

survival

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US / səˈvaɪvl /

UK / sɚˈvaɪvəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of continuing to exist when facing difficulty

separate

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US / 'sepəreɪt /

UK / 'sepəreɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being different from or unrelated to another
  • verb
  • To divide two things by being in between them
  • To live away from your husband or wife
  • To move things away from each other

particle

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US / ˈpɑ:tɪkl /

UK / ˈpɑrtɪkəl /

B1
  • noun
  • Adverb or preposition that joins with a verb
  • Tiny piece or quantity of something

flow

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US / fləʊ /

UK / flo /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount of something that moves through an area
  • verb
  • To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

explorer

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US / ɪkˈsplɔ:rə(r) /

UK / ɪkˈsplɔrɚ, -ˈsplor- /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who travels to places to discover more them

blend

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US / blend /

UK / blɛnd /

B1
  • noun
  • Product known for mixing ingredients
  • verb
  • To combine different elements or substances
  • To mix ingredients when cooking
  • To mix things in an effective or pleasing way

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

ideal

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US / aɪˈdi:əl /

UK / aɪˈdiəl, aɪˈdil /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Exactly right; could not be better
  • Which is thought of as being perfect

actually

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US / ˈæktʃuəli /

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to add new (often different) information

unless

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US / ənˈles /

UK / ʌnˈlɛs /

A2
  • conjunction
  • Negative of 'if'

massive

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US / ˈmæsɪv /

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very big; large; too big

mucus

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US / ˈmju:kəs /

UK / ˈmjukəs /

A1
  • noun
  • Thick liquid substance made in certain parts of the human body, such as the nose

meantime

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US / ˈmi:ntaɪm /

UK / ˈminˌtaɪm /

B1
  • noun
  • For the present; for a while

exactly

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US / ɪgˈzæktli /

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

A1
  • adverb
  • No more and no less than; precisely

too

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition, also; with emphasis
  • Say that something is more than you want

basic

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US / 'beɪsɪk /

UK / ˈbesɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

skill

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US / skɪl /

UK / skɪl /

A2
  • noun
  • Ability to do something well

sure

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US / ʃʊə(r) /

UK / ʃʊr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having no doubts about something
  • Have confidence in your own words or actions
  • Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
  • Being correct or true
  • adverb
  • What you say to agree willingly

mission

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US / 'mɪʃn /

UK / ˈmɪʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • A task or role someone is given to do
  • Special assignment given to a person or group
  • Group tasked with a specific duty
  • A task given to someone to gain or achieve
  • Religious group wishing to convert others
  • Housing for a religious group working overseas
  • Religious or charitable task in a foreign country

ever

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US / 'evə(r) /

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At any time; at all times in the future

certain

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US / ˈsə:tn /

UK / ˈsɚtn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Definite, fixed
  • Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
  • Being sure about something; without doubt

centimetre

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US / ˈsentɪmi:tə(r) /

UK / ˈsɛntəˌmitɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • One hundredth of a meter

alien

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US / 'eɪlɪən /

UK / ˈeliən,ˈeljən /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being foreign, different or unfamiliar
  • noun
  • Foreigner; a person not from this place
  • Person or creature from a planet other than Earth

antarctic

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US / ænˈtɑːktɪk /

UK / ænˈtɑːrktɪk /

A1
  • noun
  • The region around the south pole: Antarctica and surrounding waters

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

team

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US / ti:m /

UK / tim /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of people working on a task together
  • Group of people playing a sport together

thousand

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US / ˈθaʊznd /

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1,000

liquid

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US / ˈlɪkwɪd /

UK / ˈlɪkwɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of wealth) being able to be spent as cash
  • In a state of being uncertain
  • Moving in a flowing manner, like water or oil
  • noun
  • Something that is similar to the state of water

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

fresh

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US / freʃ /

UK / frɛʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Clean; not used or dirty
  • Remaining clear, as in a person's memory
  • Newly made or gathered
  • (Water) not salty, usually from a lake or a river

already

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US / ɔ:lˈredi /

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

A1
  • adverb
  • Having happened or been done before this time

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

try

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US / traɪ /

UK / traɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
  • verb
  • To make an effort, to attempt to do something
  • To examine someone or something in a court of law
  • To test to see if it is good or you like it
  • To make a person go through hardship; test
  • To examine something to see if it works

thick

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US / θɪk /

UK / θɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to see through, as fog
  • Full of (people, etc.)
  • (Of a liquid) that moves or pours slowly
  • Stupid; not smart
  • (Of person's accent) hard to understand
  • Having a large distance between two surfaces

surround

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US / səˈraʊnd /

UK / səˈraʊnd /

A2
  • other
  • To be closely connected to and have an effect on
  • verb
  • To be all the way around something
  • To be closely connected to and have an effect on
  • To move closer on all sides of something

perk

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US / pɜ:k /

UK / pɜ:rk /

B2
  • noun
  • An advantage or something extra, such as money or goods, that you are given because of your job
  • verb
  • To suddenly get more energy

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

extreme

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US / ɪk'stri:m /

UK / ɪkˈstrim /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very great in degree
  • Farthest from a center
  • Very severe; very strong
  • noun
  • Effort that is thought more than is necessary

among

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US / əˈmʌŋ /

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

A1
  • preposition
  • In the center of several things

layer

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US / ˈleiə /

UK / ˈleɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • One of several sheets of a material or object
  • verb
  • To put things one on top of another

particular

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US / pəˈtɪkjələ(r) /

UK / pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ, pəˈtɪk- /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • One specific (one)
  • Having firm ideas about what is desirable
  • Being special or more than is typical

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

concept

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US / 'kɒnsept /

UK / ˈkɑnˌsɛpt /

A2
  • noun
  • Abstract idea of something or how it works

entirely

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US / ɪnˈtaɪəli /

UK / ɪnˈtaɪərli /

A2
  • adverb
  • Wholly; completely

hot

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US / hɒt /

UK / hɑ:t /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Angry or excited
  • Being very good at something
  • Having a high temperature
  • Popular and causing a great deal of excitement
  • Attractive in a sexually exciting way
  • (Of food) very spicy
  • Stolen; dangerous to buy or trade in

form

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US / fɔ:m /

UK / fɔrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Sports team or person's current winning record
  • Document you complete when making an application
  • Visible shape or style; type; kind
  • verb
  • To organize something such as a club or group
  • To develop; to come into a shape or substance
  • To make something into a particular shape

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

plenty

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US / 'plentɪ /

UK / ˈplɛnti /

A2
  • pronoun
  • When there is not too little of something; a lot

temperature

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US / ˈtemprətʃə(r) /

UK / ˈtɛmpərəˌtʃʊr,-tʃɚ,ˈtɛmprə- /

A2
  • noun
  • When you your body heat is above normal
  • How hot or cold something is, e.g. the weather

beyond

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US / bɪ'jɒnd /

UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /

A2
  • adverb
  • On or to the farther side
  • In addition to
  • preposition
  • Later in time than
  • Out of the limits of

dissolve

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US / dɪˈzɒlv /

UK / dɪˈzɑ:lv /

B2
  • verb
  • To cause something to end
  • To dismiss, e.g. a law-making body
  • To melt into and become part of a liquid
  • To end a legal relationship or organization

glamorous

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US / ˈglæmərəs /

UK / ˈɡlæmərəs /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Attractive in a sexy way; exciting; alluring

keep

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US / ki:p /

UK / kip /

A1
  • noun
  • Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
  • Money spent on you so you can live in a place
  • verb
  • To continue doing something; not to stop
  • To stop balls going in a goal in sports
  • To not give back or return something
  • (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
  • To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
  • To have and continue to hold something
  • To do something that you have promised or agreed
  • To stay in a certain place or condition
  • To maintain the rules

name

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US / neɪm /

UK / nem /

A1
  • noun
  • What something or someone is called
  • verb
  • To state what someone is called, e.g. John

saltwater

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US / ˈsɔ:ltˌwɔ:tə, -ˌwɔtə /

UK / ˈsɔltˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ /

C2
  • noun
  • Water containing salts such as the ocean

salty

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US / ˈsɔ:lti /

UK / ˈsɔlti /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Containing or tasting like salt
  • Involving a clever and funny joke about sex

slash

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US / slæʃ /

UK / slæʃ /

B2
  • noun
  • Line ( / ) used in writing
  • Long, deep cut, caused by a sharp object
  • verb
  • To cut violently with a sharp object
  • To decrease something by a large amount

slip

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US / slɪp /

UK / slɪp /

B1
  • noun
  • A field position in cricket
  • A quick escape or become free from something
  • Combination of clay and water, used in pottery
  • Occasion when something grows worse or drops lower
  • Minor mistake
  • Thin women's underwear to go under a dress
  • verb
  • To begin to fall as a result of losing balance
  • To escape or become free from something
  • To move from one state to another, usually worse
  • To slide out of place or fall to the ground
  • To occur or pass rapidly
  • To put something in a place quietly and secretly

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

completely

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US / kəmˈpli:tli /

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In every way or as much as possible

crystal

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US / 'krɪstl /

UK / ˈkrɪstəl /

B1
  • noun
  • A solid formed by the solidification of a chemical
  • Rock with regularly repeating internal structure
  • Person's name

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

maybe

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US / ˈmeɪbi /

UK / ˈmebi /

A1
  • adverb
  • Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

food

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US / fu:d /

UK / fud /

A1
  • noun
  • What people and animals eat to live
  • Things taken in by plants to maintain life
  • A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

survive

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US / sə'vaɪv /

UK / sɚˈvaɪv /

A2
  • verb
  • To continue to live despite illness or trouble

themselves

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US / ðəmˈselvz /

UK / ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðəm- /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Reflexive form of 'they'

whole

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US / həul /

UK / hol /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; all of
  • Being in a good condition
  • noun
  • Complete amount or sum; total

yours

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US / jɔ:z /

UK / jʊrz, jɔrz, jorz /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Something the other person has

currently

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US / ˈkʌrəntli /

UK / ˈkʌrənt(ə)li /

A2
  • adverb
  • Happening or being in the present time

video

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US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a moving film, with sound
  • noun
  • Recording capturing action with sound
  • verb
  • To make a moving film of, with sound

yet

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US / jet /

UK / jɛt /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a later time (used after ‘not’)
  • (Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
  • Eventually; at a future time
  • Until now; up to the present
  • conjunction
  • Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

against

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US / əˈgenst /

UK / əˈɡenst /

A1
  • preposition
  • In physical contact with, as for support; next to
  • In opposition to; disagreeing with

host

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US / həʊst /

UK / host /

A2
  • noun
  • Mass; a great number
  • Person who entertains guests
  • Plant or animal on or in which parasites live
  • Presenter on a television or radio program
  • verb
  • To be the sponsor of an event, e.g. the Olympics
  • To lead or start a party, program, or other event
  • To lead a TV or radio show as the announcer

magnetic

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US / mægˈnetɪk /

UK / mæɡˈnɛtɪk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Having the properties of a magnet; able to attract
  • Being able to attract
  • Having great power to attract attention, interest

planet

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US / 'plænɪt /

UK / ˈplænɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • One of the bodies that orbit the sun

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

schedule

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US / ˈʃedju:l /

UK / ˈskedʒu:l /

A2
  • noun
  • A list of events and their times
  • A plan to do something at a certain time
  • verb
  • To plan to do something at a certain time

structure

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US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
  • verb
  • To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

trial

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US / ˈtraɪəl /

UK / ˈtraɪəl, traɪl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being made or done as a test or experiment
  • noun
  • Hearing and judgment of a case in court
  • Act or process of testing or experimenting
  • verb
  • To be made or done as a test or experiment

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

freeze

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US / fri:z /

UK / friz /

A2
  • noun
  • Sudden stop to prevent increase or decreases
  • Period of very cold weather under zero degrees
  • verb
  • To harden to a solid below zero degrees
  • To store an item of food in a cold place
  • To make someone to not want to communicate
  • To stop moving and be still; stay the same

cause

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US / kɔ:z /

UK / kɔz /

A2
  • noun
  • Belief, goal or organization that people support
  • Reason for
  • verb
  • To make something happen; create effect or result

ball

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US / bɔ:l /

UK / bɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • Large dance where people dress formally
  • Small round object often used in a game or sport

place

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US / pleɪs /

UK / ples /

A1
  • noun
  • Particular location, area or region
  • verb
  • To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • To put something in a certain location or position

own

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US / əʊn /

UK / on /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Belong to oneself
  • determiner
  • Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
  • pronoun
  • (Something) belong to myself
  • verb
  • To have something as your property

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

eventually

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US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

different

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US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

threat

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US / θret /

UK / θrɛt /

A2
  • noun
  • Warning of probable trouble
  • A warning that you may be harmed

thrive

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US / θraɪv /

UK / θraɪv /

B2
  • verb
  • To be or become healthy or successful

annual

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US / ˈænjuəl /

UK / ˈænjuəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening once a year, or every year
  • noun
  • Book (in a series) released each year

case

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US / keɪs /

UK / kes /

A1
  • noun
  • Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
  • Set of facts about a crime
  • Set of facts about an event
  • Example or instance of something
  • verb
  • To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

europa

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US / juəˈrəupə /

UK / jʊˈropə /

A1
  • noun
  • One of Jupiter's satellites; covered with frozen water

deflect

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US / dɪ'flekt /

UK / dɪˈflɛkt /

B2
  • verb
  • To cause to turn in a different direction
  • To prevent or avoid something having an effect on

depth

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US / depθ /

UK / dɛpθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Distance below a surface

detrimental

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US / ˌdetrɪˈmentl /

UK / ˌdɛtrəˈmɛntl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Harmful

find

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US / faɪnd /

UK / faɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Object discovered by chance
  • Things that have been discovered from searching
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
  • To discover something by looking for it

energy

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US / 'enədʒɪ /

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical or mental strength

enough

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US / ɪˈnʌf /

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sufficient to answer the need
  • adverb
  • To a satisfactory degree
  • pronoun
  • Equal to what is needed; as much as required
  • Adequate number or amount

japan

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US / dʒəˈpæn /

UK / dʒəˈpæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A string of more than islands to the east of Asia
  • Lacquer with a durable glossy black finish, originally from the orient
  • Lacquerware decorated and varnished in the Japanese manner with a glossy durable black lacquer
  • verb
  • Coat with a lacquer, as done in Japan

kick

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US / kɪk /

UK / kɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • Feeling of enjoyment or excitement
  • verb
  • To hit or move something with the foot

offer

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US / 'ɒfə(r) /

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Price you say you are willing to pay for something
  • Act of making a thing available to be accepted
  • verb
  • To suggest a price you are willing to pay
  • To give the opportunity to accept something
  • To say you are willing to do something
  • To give or say something as an act of worship

spectra

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US / ˈspektrə /

UK / ˈspɛktrə /

A1
  • other
  • The wavelengths of colors from red to violet

type

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US / taɪp /

UK / taɪp /

A1
  • noun
  • Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
  • Group of things or people sharing common features
  • verb
  • To identify something belonging to a group
  • To write by touching keys on a keyboard

watch

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US / wɒtʃ /

UK / wɑtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
  • Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
  • Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
  • verb
  • To keep in check, manage, or control something
  • To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
  • To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
  • To look at carefully to work out what is happening
  • To protect and care for someone or something

least

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US / li:st /

UK / list /

A1
  • adverb
  • In the smallest or lowest way
  • noun
  • Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

merger

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US / 'mɜ:dʒə(r) /

UK / ˈmədʒɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Combination of two or more companies into one

ours

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US / ˈaʊəz /

UK / aʊrz /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Belonging to us

beneath

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US / bɪ'ni:θ /

UK / bɪˈniθ /

A2
  • preposition
  • Not worthy of you; not good enough for you
  • Under; In or to a lower position; below

stay

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US / steɪ /

UK / ste /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal order to stop or delay an action
  • Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
  • Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
  • verb
  • To keep trying without giving up
  • To remain in the same place and not move away
  • To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

nothing

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US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Item of little or no value, importance, interest
  • Number or value of zero
  • pronoun
  • Not anything, not a single thing

hit

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US / hɪt /

UK / hɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • A planned killing, usually for money
  • Song, movie etc. that is successful
  • When someone strikes someone or something
  • Time when a player makes contact with the ball
  • Time when a website is accessed
  • verb
  • To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
  • To press something, such as a button or switch
  • To suddenly realize the importance of something
  • To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
  • To fight, attack or damage something or someone
  • To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
  • To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

bunch

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US / bʌntʃ /

UK / bʌntʃ /

B1
  • noun
  • A group of things of the same kind
  • verb
  • To group people or things closely together
  • (Cloth) to gather/be gathered together in folds

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

sea

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • noun
  • Very large group of people, similar-looking things
  • Large body of salty water with land around it

pesky

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US / ˈpeski /

UK / ˈpɛski /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • Causing irritation or annoyance

juice

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US / dʒu:s /

UK / dʒus /

A2
  • noun
  • Liquids (often squeezed from vegetables, fruit)
  • Something that supplies power, e.g. electricity

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

dna

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US / ˌdiː en ˈeɪ /

UK / ˌdiː en ˈeɪ /

B2
  • noun
  • Chemical in living cells with genetic information

block

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US / blɒk /

UK / blɑk /

A2
  • noun
  • Solid piece of material used for building
  • A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
  • Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
  • Building made up of offices or apartments
  • Area of a city divided by four streets
  • verb
  • To stop from going forward or making progress

upper

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US / ˈʌpə(r) /

UK / ˈʌpɚ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Located above others of the same kind
  • Being the northern part of a region
  • Being closer to the source of a river
  • noun
  • Drug that improves mood or increases energy
  • Something happy or encouraging
  • Top part of a shoe, other than the flat bottom

manage

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US / ˈmænɪdʒ /

UK / ˈmænɪdʒ /

A1
  • verb
  • To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
  • To run or operate a business by directing others

lifestyle

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US / ˈlaɪfstaɪl /

UK / ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl /

B1
  • noun
  • The type of life that you have; the way you live

discovery

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US / dɪ'skʌvərɪ /

UK / dɪˈskʌvəri /

A2
  • noun
  • Learning something for the first time

ice

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US / aɪs /

UK / aɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Frozen gas or liquid, esp. water
  • Sweet food made of frozen cream, or juices
  • verb
  • To make something cold by putting on frozen water
  • To spread a sweet and creamy substance on a cake

end

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US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

explore

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US / ɪk'splɔ:(r) /

UK / ɪkˈsplɔr /

A2
  • verb
  • To examine something in detail to learn about it
  • To travel to a place to discover more about it

exist

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US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

A1
  • verb
  • To be present, alive or real

willing

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US / 'wɪlɪŋ /

UK / ˈwɪlɪŋ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Act of making a choice
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

shield

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US / ʃi:ld /

UK / ʃild /

B1
  • noun
  • A family's coat of arms or insignia
  • Device used to protect from a harmful force
  • Large piece of metal, etc. carried by police, etc.
  • Large piece of metal carried for protection
  • verb
  • To cover (e.g. your face) so as to hide from
  • To cover from a dangerous or harmful force

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

interior

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US / ɪn'tɪərɪə(r) /

UK / ɪnˈtɪriɚ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the inside part of a building, car etc.
  • noun
  • Part of country that is far from the border, coast
  • Remote central area of a continent

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

world

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US / wɜ:ld /

UK / wɜrld /

A1
  • noun
  • All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • Political division due to some kind of similarity

supernova

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US / ˌsu:pəˈnəʊvə /

UK / ˌsu:pərˈnoʊvə /

C2
  • noun
  • Large exploding star that is extremely bright

protect

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US / prə'tekt /

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

A1
  • verb
  • To defend someone or something from harm or danger

away

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US / ə'weɪ /

UK / əˈwe /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not present
  • adverb
  • Disappear completely
  • Doing something with a lot of energy
  • Not here; far from here; in a different direction
  • To a different area, location

toolbox

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US / ˈtu:lbɒks /

UK / ˈtulˌbɑks /

C2
  • noun
  • Box, chest or cabinet for holding hand tools

scientist

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US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who is trained in a science

quickly

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US / ˈkwɪkli /

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Without taking a lot of time; fast

next

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US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one

pipeline

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US / ˈpaɪplaɪn /

UK / ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn /

B2
  • noun
  • Line of pipes used for carrying gases or liquids
  • verb
  • To send through a series of pipes

sun

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US / sʌn /

UK / sʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Light and heat coming from a large star in the sky
  • Hot shining star the Earth moves around
  • verb
  • To lie in the sunshine and enjoy its warmth

hear

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
  • To be told or find out information or facts
  • To consider or listen to a court case

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

store

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US / stɔ:(r) /

UK / stɔr, stor /

A2
  • noun
  • Place where things are kept for future use
  • Place where you can go to buy things
  • verb
  • To put things in a place for later use

process

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US / prə'ses /

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Dealing with official forms in the way required
  • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
  • verb
  • To organize and use data in a computer
  • To deal with official forms in the way required
  • To prepare by treating something in a certain way
  • To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
  • To convert by putting something through a machine

mixed

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US / mɪkst /

UK / mɪkst /

A2
  • verb
  • To combine two or more things to make one
  • To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

dangerous

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US / ˈdeɪndʒərəs /

UK / ˈdendʒərəs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Involving the chance of hurt or damage; risky

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

premium

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US / ˈpri:miəm /

UK / ˈprimiəm /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a higher than normal quality
  • noun
  • Money paid as a fee for insurance

goodness

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US / ˈgʊdnəs /

UK / ˈɡʊdnɪs /

A2
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express slight surprise)
  • noun
  • Nourishment; good food value

chill

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US / tʃɪl /

UK / tʃɪl /

B1
  • noun
  • State of being a little cold
  • Feeling of fear or being frightened
  • Slight cold or illness that makes you shake
  • verb
  • To make something cold, e.g. a drink
  • To become less tense about something

accord

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US / ə'kɔ:d /

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

B1
  • noun
  • Agreement or harmony
  • An agreement or treaty between countries
  • verb
  • To be in harmony or agreement; consent
  • To give (someone) the respect due to them

without

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US / wɪˈðaʊt /

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

A1
  • preposition
  • Not with; not having

sunlight

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US / ˈsʌnlaɪt /

UK / ˈsʌnˌlaɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Rays of light coming from the sun

seafloor

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US / 'si:flɒə /

UK / ˈsiˌflɔr, -ˌflor /

C2
  • noun
  • Bottom of the sea

salt

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US / sɔ:lt /

UK / sɔlt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being preserved or seasoned with salt
  • noun
  • Natural white crystal used to flavor food
  • verb
  • To add salt to food in order to improve its taste
  • To add salt to ice in order to melt it
  • To preserve food by adding salt

plan

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US / plæn /

UK / plæn /

A1
  • noun
  • Drawing of how something should be done or made

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

cover

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US / 'kʌvə(r) /

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • A different version of another song
  • Bed sheets; blankets
  • (Police or military) protection from attack
  • Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
  • Thing you put over something to close or hide it
  • Front and back part of a book or magazine
  • Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
  • verb
  • To record a different version of another song
  • To include as part of its area
  • To put something over something to hide it
  • To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
  • To form a layer over something so it is hidden
  • To have sufficient funds to pay for something
  • To include something within an agreed limit
  • To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
  • (Police or military) to protect from attack
  • To travel a certain distance in a given time
  • To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

rocky

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US / 'rɒkɪ /

UK / ˈrɑki /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of a marriage, etc.) involving many difficulties
  • With abundant rocks or stones

swish

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US / swɪʃ /

UK / swɪʃ /

C1
  • verb
  • To move with a soft brushing or sweeping sound

link

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US / lɪŋk /

UK / lɪŋk /

A2
  • noun
  • Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
  • Connection between two or more things or people
  • Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
  • verb
  • To join or connect together

discover

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US / dɪˈskʌvə(r) /

UK / dɪˈskʌvɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To find something new that was not known before

distant

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US / 'dɪstənt /

UK / ˈdɪstənt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Unfriendly; cold
  • Existing or happening far away in place or time
  • (Of relationships) not being closely related

acronym

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US / 'ækrənɪm /

UK / 'ækrənɪm /

C1
  • noun
  • A word made from the first letters of other words

space

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US / speɪs /

UK / spes /

A1
  • noun
  • Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
  • Empty area with nothing in it
  • Area in the sky where the stars are
  • Area between written words on a page
  • verb
  • To make a certain distance or time between

pore

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US / pɔ:(r) /

UK / pɔr, por /

B2
  • noun
  • Small hole on skin, etc. allowing liquid to pass

pressure

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US / 'preʃə(r) /

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Anxiety caused by difficult problems
  • Force, weight when pressing against a thing
  • Strong persuasion to do something
  • verb
  • To apply force to something
  • To persuade or force someone to do something

absorb

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US / əb'sɔ:b /

UK / əbˈsɔrb, -ˈzɔrb /

B1
  • verb
  • To take up all attention / energy of something
  • To take in a liquid; soak up

viewer

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US / ˈvju:ə(r) /

UK / ˈvjuɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Special machine to look at pictures
  • Someone who watches, e.g. television

regular

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US / ˈregjələ(r) /

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having an equal amount of space or time in between
  • Occurring or being done frequently
  • Being normal, usual, or average
  • noun
  • Customers who frequently visit a place
  • Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

thank

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US / θæŋk /

UK / θæŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To tell someone you are grateful to them

scishow

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US / /

UK / /

A1

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

moon

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US / mu:n /

UK / mun /

A2
  • noun
  • Round object circling the Earth at night
  • verb
  • To expose your buttocks as a joke

kilometre

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US / ˈkɪləmi:tə(r) /

UK / ˈkɪləmiːtər /

A1
  • noun
  • A metric unit of length equal to 1000 metres

digit

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US / ˈdɪdʒɪt /

UK / ˈdɪdʒɪt /

B2
  • noun
  • Person's finger or toe
  • Written symbol of the numbers from 0 to 9

bit

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US / bɪt /

UK / bɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • Small piece of something
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

yep

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US / jep /

UK / jɛp /

B2
  • noun
  • Another way of saying 'yes'

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

damage

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US / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

UK / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical harm that is done to something
  • verb
  • To harm physically; to hurt or break something

billion

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US / ˈbɪljən /

UK / ˈbɪljən /

A2
  • noun
  • Number 1,000,000,000

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

strange

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US / streɪndʒ /

UK / strendʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Unusual or odd; surprising because unexpected

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

zoom

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US / zu:m /

UK / zum /

B1
  • noun
  • Camera lens used to magnify images
  • verb
  • To move along or go somewhere very quickly

yes

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US / jes /

UK / jɛs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Way to say you agree or will do something

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

move

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US / mu:v /

UK / muv /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
  • An action; doing something
  • Step taken to achieve a goal
  • verb
  • To cause someone to have certain emotions
  • To cause something to change to a different place
  • To change where people live or a business operates
  • To take action to do or achieve something

bet

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US / bet /

UK / bet /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of gambling money on the result of a race etc.
  • verb
  • To gamble money to win more money, e.g. on horses

possible

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US / ˈpɒsəbl /

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
  • Having a chance of happening, or being true

paper

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US / ˈpeɪpə(r) /

UK / ˈpeɪpər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not existing in reality, or done infrequently
  • Made from the material that we use to make books
  • noun
  • Academic writing or a talk on a specific topic
  • Written test
  • Newspaper
  • Pages of a book are made from this

pretty

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US / 'prɪtɪ /

UK / ˈprɪti /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • adverb
  • Very; to a great degree

dense

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US / dens /

UK / dɛns /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very thick and difficult to see, get through
  • Hard to understand
  • Uncomprehending; foolish; inconsiderate

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

old

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US / əʊld /

UK / old /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having existed for a long time, not young or new
  • Age of a person since birth

sandwich

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US / ˈsænwɪtʃ /

UK / ˈsændwɪtʃ, ˈsæn- /

A1
  • noun
  • Two pieces of bread with meat, cheese etc. in it
  • verb
  • To catch between two things

heavy

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US / 'hevɪ /

UK / ˈhɛvi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Greater in amount, degree, or severity than usual
  • Involving serious or strong emotions
  • Having a lot of weight

harmful

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US / ˈhɑ:mfl /

UK / ˈhɑ:rmfl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Likely to cause damage or injury

europan

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • other
  • An artificial language proposed as an auxiliary European language

building

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US / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

UK / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house
  • verb
  • To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
  • To construct a house, office, factory

star

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US / stɑ:(r) /

UK / stɑr /

A1
  • noun
  • Very famous person, usually an entertainer
  • Someone who does something very well
  • Your horoscope
  • A bright planet of hot gas in the night sky
  • A 5-6 sided asterisk-shape
  • verb
  • To perform or play a main role in a movie, play
  • To do something very well
  • To mark with a 5-6 sided asterisk-shape

phrase

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US / freɪz /

UK / frez /

A2
  • noun
  • Common expression or saying
  • Section of musical notes in a piece of music
  • A set of words used together
  • verb
  • To choose words to say what you mean clearly

life

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US / laɪf /

UK / laɪf /

A1
  • noun
  • All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
  • Period of time things live, from birth to death

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

especially

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US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

A1
  • adverb
  • More than usual; extremely

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

routine

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US / ru:ˈti:n /

UK / ruˈtin /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or done regularly or habitually
  • Always the same; boring through lack of variety
  • noun
  • Regular or habitual way of behaving or doing
  • Series of actions that make up a performance

respectable

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US / rɪˈspektəbl /

UK / rɪˈspɛktəbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having socially/conventionally acceptable morals

deliver

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US / dɪ'lɪvə(r) /

UK / dɪˈlɪvɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
  • To save someone from a problem or crisis
  • To keep a promise; do what you say you would
  • To present something to a group, as a speech
  • To take something to a person or place

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

interested

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US / ˈɪntrəstɪd /

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪd, -tərɪstɪd, -təˌrɛstɪd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having had your attention taken; curious
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

brilliant

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US / 'brɪlɪənt /

UK / ˈbrɪljənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having a great amount of intelligence or talent
  • Being very bright, like a diamond; shining

tiny

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US / 'taɪnɪ /

UK / ˈtaɪni /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very, very small

miniature

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US / ˈmɪnətʃə(r) /

UK / ˈmɪniəˌtʃʊr, -tʃɚ, ˈmɪnə- /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Made to be much smaller than normal
  • noun
  • Small model of something larger
  • Very small painting, picture or portrait

prevent

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US / prɪ'vent /

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

A2
  • verb
  • To stop something from happening or existing

support

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US / səˈpɔ:t /

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

A1
  • noun
  • Assistance or advice given to someone
  • Evidence that helps prove something is true
  • A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
  • verb
  • To give assistance or advice to someone
  • To help prove or show that something is true
  • To hold up or prevent from falling down

dandy

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US / 'dændɪ /

UK / ˈdændi /

C1
  • noun
  • Man who is far too interested in his clothes

description

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US / dɪˈskrɪpʃn /

UK / dɪˈskrɪpʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Explanation of what something is like, looks like

she

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US / ʃɪ /

UK / ʃi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Female person or animal mentioned before
  • (Refers to female person mentioned before)

touch

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US / tʌtʃ /

UK / tʌtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Certain way of doing that makes something special
  • A small amount of something
  • Feeling of a surface
  • verb
  • To affect feelings, especially by causing sympathy
  • To be next to each other with no space between
  • To get involved with (used in negative)
  • To feel an object with your fingers, etc.

bottom

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US / 'bɒtəm /

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
  • noun
  • The part of your body you sit on
  • Lowest position, often in a company or contest
  • Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
  • Lowest level, part or point of an object
  • The part under something, e.g. a vase
  • verb
  • To hit the lowest part of something

example

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US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing, person which represents a category

happen

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US / 'hæpən /

UK / ˈhæpən /

A1
  • verb
  • To take place or occur

methane

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US / ˈmi:θeɪn /

UK / ˈmeθeɪn /

B2
  • noun
  • Colorless gas without smell often used as fuel

barrel

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US / 'bærəl /

UK / ˈbærəl /

B1
  • noun
  • A round container with curved sides and flat ends
  • Straight tube from which a bullet exits a gun
  • verb
  • To travel at high speed

launch

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US / lɔ:ntʃ /

UK / lɔntʃ, lɑntʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Starting a new project; introducing new product
  • Act of firing rockets into the air
  • verb
  • To start a new project; start selling a product
  • To put a rocket into the air
  • To put a ship into the water for the first time

lower

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US / 'ləʊə(r) /

UK / ˈlaʊɚ, laʊr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • In a position more near the bottom
  • verb
  • To move something downward to the ground

source

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US / sɔ:s /

UK / sɔrs, sors /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
  • noun
  • Piece of information; a person giving information
  • Place from which something necessary comes
  • verb
  • To get, e.g. a raw material, from somewhere

since

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US / sɪns /

UK / sɪns /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a point before the present time
  • conjunction
  • For this reason; because
  • preposition
  • From the time in the past that

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

within

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US / wɪˈðɪn /

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

A1
  • adverb
  • Inside the limits of an area, time or range
  • preposition
  • From the inside of something

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

antifreeze

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US / ˈæntifri:z /

UK / ˈæntɪˌfriz /

A1
  • other
  • A liquid added to the water in a cooling system to lower its freezing point

clipper

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US / 'klɪpə(r) /

UK / ˈklɪpɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Tool used to cut small pieces from something
  • Fast sailing ship

microbe

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US / ˈmaɪkrəʊb /

UK / ˈmaɪkroʊb /

C1
  • noun
  • Very small, microscopic, living thing

news

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US / nju:z /

UK / nu:z /

A1
  • noun
  • Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
  • Information about recent events

nutrient

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US / ˈnju:triənt /

UK / ˈnutriənt /

B1
  • noun
  • A chemical living things needs to be healthy

wonder

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US / 'wʌndə(r) /

UK / ˈwʌndɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Surprise caused by experiencing something amazing
  • verb
  • To feel curious about something
  • To think or consider about something over time

astronomer

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US / əˈstrɒnəmə(r) /

UK / əˈstrɑ:nəmə(r) /

B2
  • noun
  • Scientist studying stars and other bodies in space

astrophysic

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US / /

UK / /

A1

bubble

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US / ˈbʌbl /

UK / ˈbʌbəl /

B1
  • noun
  • A small ball of air inside of a liquid
  • verb
  • (Of a liquid) to produce bubbles, as when boiling
  • To show intense emotion, e.g. excitement, anger

churn

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US / tʃɜ:n /

UK / tʃə:n /

B2
  • verb
  • To turn milk round and round to make butter
  • To move round and round, as of stomach when ill
  • To move with vigorous agitation

fact

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US / fækt /

UK / fækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is known or proved to be true

cold

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US / kəʊld /

UK / kold /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a very low temperature
  • Being unfriendly or lacking emotion
  • noun
  • Illness of sneezing, coughing, and a sore throat

few

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US / fju: /

UK / fju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Not many, a small number

earth

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US / ɜ:θ /

UK / ɚθ /

A1
  • noun
  • Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
  • The planet we live on
  • Soil in which we grow plants

ocean

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US / 'əʊʃn /

UK / ˈoʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Large body of salt water; a large sea

oil

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US / ɔɪl /

UK / ɔɪl /

A2
  • noun
  • A liquid used for frying foods
  • Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
  • verb
  • To add a liquid for frying foods
  • To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

under

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US / ˈʌndə(r) /

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In the same place as another thing, but lower
  • adverb
  • In a lower quantity or price than expected
  • preposition
  • According to the terms of an agreement or law
  • Managed or controlled by the authority of
  • Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
  • Influenced or affected by something or someone
  • Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

begin

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US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To do the first part of an action; to start

warm

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US / wɔ:m /

UK / wɔrm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Friendly, sincere and kind to others
  • Being friendly or sincere
  • Slightly hot; not very hot
  • verb
  • To become more friendly or to like something
  • To make something hotter

water

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US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
  • Large area such as an ocean or sea
  • verb
  • (Of the eyes) to produce tears
  • (Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
  • To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

trap

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US / træp /

UK / træp /

A2
  • noun
  • Device used for catching animals
  • Vehicle pulled by a single horse
  • Area or hazard on a golf course
  • Someone's mouth
  • Uncomfortable event that is hard to escape
  • verb
  • To use a device to catch animals or people
  • To hold, e.g. a nerve, so that it cannot move
  • To catch or prevent someone from escaping
  • To trick someone
  • To put into a situation you can't escape from

grant

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US / ɡrɑ:nt /

UK / ɡrænt /

A2
  • noun
  • Money given for education or research
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To admit an opinion is true but not fully agreeing
  • To give or let someone do what they want

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

penetrate

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US / ˈpenɪtreɪt /

UK / ˈpɛnɪˌtret /

B1
  • verb
  • To enter or pass through something
  • To gain a market in a new area or country
  • To spread through many parts of something
  • To gain an understanding of something

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

solid

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US / 'sɒlɪd /

UK / ˈsɑlɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being able to be trusted; reliable
  • Substance that is hard or of fixed shape
  • Being well made and expected to last long
  • Having no space or emptiness inside
  • Being made entirely of one material or substance
  • noun
  • Something firm or hard; not gas or liquid

vent

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US / vent /

UK / vɛnt /

B2
  • noun
  • Opening allowing exit/entry of gas, steam etc.
  • Expression of feelings often of anger
  • verb
  • To express anger or grievance loudly/with feeling

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

atomic

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US / əˈtɒmɪk /

UK / əˈtɑ:mɪk /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning atoms

benefit

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US / 'benɪfɪt /

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Good result or effect, something advantageous
  • verb
  • To have a good effect or be helpful

difference

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US / 'dɪfrəns /

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

A1
  • noun
  • A thing or issue that people do not agree about
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

field

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US / fi:ld /

UK / fild /

A1
  • noun
  • Area of study, such as physics or biology
  • Piece of land used to grow crops/raise animals
  • Open area of land, especially without buildings
  • Grassed area where you play some sports
  • verb
  • To respond to something or answer a question
  • To catch or stop a ball during a game

never

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US / 'nevə(r) /

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not ever; not at any time

watery

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US / 'wɔ:tərɪ /

UK / ˈwɔtəri, ˈwɑtə- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having a lot (maybe too much) water
  • Filled with water

cycle

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US / ˈsaɪkl /

UK / ˈsaɪkəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Series of regular and repeated actions
  • Bicycle, bike
  • verb
  • To go through a series of events repeatedly
  • To ride on a bicycle

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

home

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US / həʊm /

UK / hom /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A sports team's own field or place of play
  • adverb
  • Into the correct or intended position
  • noun
  • House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
  • Institution for sick or elderly people
  • Place where a person or a family lives
  • Country where a person lives or was born
  • Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
  • verb
  • To move towards a particular target location

light

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US / laɪt /

UK / laɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
  • Being pale and lacking darkness of color
  • Not heavy; weighing only a little
  • adverb
  • Carrying few bags when traveling
  • noun
  • A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
  • Way in which something or someone is understood
  • verb
  • To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
  • To provide a way to see ahead

hunt

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US / hʌnt /

UK / hʌnt /

A2
  • noun
  • A search for animals to kill for food
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To search for wild animals to kill (for food)
  • To look for very carefully; search for

max

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US / mæks /

UK / mæks /

A2
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • Short for 'maximum'

molecule

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US / ˈmɒlɪkju:l /

UK / ˈmɑlɪˌkjul /

B2
  • noun
  • Two or more atoms chemically combined

stuff

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US / stʌf /

UK / stʌf /

A1
  • noun
  • Generic description for things, materials, objects
  • verb
  • To push material inside something, with force

those

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US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

regularly

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US / ˈregjələli /

UK / ˈregjələrli /

B1
  • adverb
  • At the usual time each day, week, or month
  • Subtitles section
  • Thanks to Brilliant for supporting this SciShow video.
  • As a SciShow viewer, you can keep building your STEM skills with a 30-day free trial and 20% off an annual Premium subscription at Brilliant.org slash SciShow.
  • Ever since astronomers have discovered worlds beyond Earth, they've been trying to find life on them.
  • And most were willing to bet that they'd find it on planets that look like Earth.
  • You know, rocky, with liquid water flowing on the surface, not too hot, not too cold, Goldilocks conditions.
  • And all those frozen-over worlds out there?
  • Eh, those'll be big wastelands.
  • But scientists are learning that icy environments might actually have benefits for some forms of life.
  • In fact, some researchers now think that life might even thrive on icy worlds, not in spite of the ice, but because of it.
  • One perk of ice is that it can form a shield against dangerous radiation.
  • Radiation is a catch-all term for things like light and high-energy particles that move energy from one place to another.
  • And there's a bunch of it in space, coming from extreme sources like supernovas and neutron star mergers, but also regular old stars like our Sun.
  • Some radiation is fine and dandy.
  • Your basic visible sunlight helps warm the Earth and is used by plants to make their own food.
  • But the super-energetic stuff is bad news.
  • Those particles can barrel through a lot of materials and damage molecules like DNA or, in the case of other worlds, prevent the building blocks of life from ever forming.
  • Here on Earth, we're pretty safe from this destructive radiation.
  • Our planet has a magnetic field that deflects most of it, and the atmosphere absorbs many of the particles that manage to slip through.
  • But not all worlds have a magnetic field or a respectable atmosphere.
  • In places like these, harmful radiation can make life all but impossible, unless they had some other kind of shield.
  • And that's why some astronomers are interested in ice.
  • Like our atmosphere, ice is really good at absorbing radiation.
  • For example, Jupiter's moon Europa has an ocean covered by an ice shell that's between 15 to 25 kilometers thick.
  • And scientists found that all that high-energy radiation coming from space would only penetrate, like, 20 centimeters of that stuff max.
  • So it's safe to say life as we know it would be plenty protected, at least from that particular threat.
  • Granted, that might not seem like an ideal habitat.
  • But here on Earth, we have found microbes surviving under kilometers of Antarctic ice.
  • They surround themselves in a kind of antifreeze mucus to keep from freezing solid, and subsist on nutrients that flow through pores in the ice.
  • It's not exactly a glamorous lifestyle, but on a world without an atmosphere or magnetic field, life under an ice sheet might be as good as it gets.
  • And if you're wondering if NASA has plans to hunt for signs of life beneath the Europan ice, the answer is yes.
  • The Europa Clipper mission is currently scheduled to launch in 2024.
  • Meanwhile, the European Space Agency has already launched JUICE, which originally got its name from the acronym Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer.
  • Europa will be the first icy moon it visits.
  • We've just gotta wait until 2032.
  • But if you're hoping for a mission to the Europan surface, or under the surface, well, there's nothing official in the pipeline just yet.
  • In the meantime, some scientists have begun wondering if extraterrestrial life could actually exist within the ice on distant worlds.
  • Not just under it, but inside it.
  • That's because it actually happens here on Earth.
  • Scientists made this discovery in the Sea of Japan, where there are whole sheets of a type of ice called methane hydrate.
  • It looks like regular ice, but if you could zoom in and see its crystal structure, you'd see a bunch of methane mixed in amongst the water molecules.
  • In the Sea of Japan, it forms near vents on the seafloor that pump out methane.
  • As the water freezes, it traps some of this methane within it.
  • And if methane hydrate forms quickly enough, little bubbles of oil and saltwater and even microbes can get trapped inside, too.
  • Yep, tiny little life forms.
  • Back in 2015, a team of scientists were doing some routine experiments on this ice, and were completely shocked to find organisms just chilling out and living off the oil.
  • They had made a whole miniature habitat out of the bubbles between the molecules of an ice crystal.
  • Beyond Earth, methane hydrates and other icy blends may exist on all kinds of rocky bodies, including comets, moons, and planets.
  • And if this ice can host life on Earth, maybe it could host life on other worlds, too.
  • So, ice can support life living below it and within it.
  • But in some cases, it might also be key to supporting life above it.
  • On Earth, our ocean averages less than 4 kilometers in depth, with a few places like Challenger Deep hitting double digits.
  • But on some exoplanets, astronomers predict there are oceans of water thousands of kilometers deep.
  • All that water is so heavy, the bottom layers get squished into really dense ice.
  • So there's this big icy slab sandwiched between the planet's rocky interior and its liquid ocean.
  • And if you're some form of life-as-we-know-it, that might be detrimental to your survival, if not your entire evolution.
  • Earth's massive oceans regularly dissolve nutrients like salts out of the rocky seafloor and swish them around the planet.
  • That gets them into our food and, eventually, into our bodies.
  • Planetary scientists weren't sure this process could work on every watery world, especially if its ocean and its rocky bits are separated by a giant slab of ice.
  • But according to a paper published in 2022, ice might be the key to moving salty nutrients from these planets' rocky interiors to their oceans.
  • Now, on Earth, we don't have salty ice.
  • Even when saltwater freezes, the salt gets kicked out as the ice crystals form, and you end up with ice made of fresh water.
  • But Earth's ice isn't under high pressure like the ice on those exoplanets.
  • On those worlds, the alien conditions form ice with an entirely different crystal shape that can store salt.
  • And salt that gets dissolved into the bottom of that ice layer won't just stay there.
  • The temperature difference between the upper and lower levels of the ice will cause the whole thing to churn, moving the salty stuff up until it touches the base of the liquid ocean and delivers its salty goodness to the water above.
  • So, ice might be the key to making some watery worlds fertile.
  • And life could exist in places we never imagined possible.
  • So, the next time you hear the phrase habitable planet, maybe don't picture a world like Earth.
  • Picture a giant ball of ice, or a world so watery it makes ice below its liquid ocean.
  • It might seem a strange new world to us, but for a certain kind of organism, it might be the perfect home.
  • Since you've watched to the end of this video, you're probably the kind of person who would love the astrophysics course offered by Brilliant.
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  • Then, the universe is yours to explore.
  • You can learn about the life cycle of a star and that pesky Goldilocks zone, and come away from the whole thing thinking big.
  • After all, there's over 100 billion galaxies like ours out there, so there's probably a thing or two to learn about them.
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