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Why The Sun Will Become A Red Giant

Video vocabulary

conduction

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US / kənˈdʌkʃn /

UK / kənˈdʌkʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • The transmission of heat, electricity or sound

base

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US / beɪs /

UK / bes /

A2
  • noun
  • Place military personnel live, train, and operate
  • Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
  • Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
  • Most important idea or ingredient to add others
  • Origin or start from which something came
  • Main place where an organization or a person works
  • verb
  • To use as the starting point or origin for
  • To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

back

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US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

suit

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US / su:t /

UK / sut /

A1
  • noun
  • Set of clothes including jacket and pants or skirt
  • Law case involving a claim of some kind
  • Set of playing cards such as hearts or diamonds
  • verb
  • To be appropriate for a given situation
  • (Of clothes) to look good on someone

layer

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US / ˈleiə /

UK / ˈleɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • One of several sheets of a material or object
  • verb
  • To put things one on top of another

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

any

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US / 'enɪ /

UK / ˈɛni /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One, or some, no matter which
  • pronoun
  • One (thing) of many; some

man

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US / mæn /

UK / mæn /

A1
  • noun
  • Humans in general, including male and female
  • An adult male human being
  • Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
  • verb
  • To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
  • To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

level

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US / 'levl /

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Sports) equal to another
  • Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
  • noun
  • Specific height of something
  • Amount of ability you have compared to others
  • Floor or deck within a building
  • Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
  • verb
  • To aim a gun at someone
  • To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
  • To make things flat or even
  • To make a score equal to another, in sports

fuse

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US / fju:z /

UK / fjuz /

B2
  • noun
  • Device connected to and making a bomb explode
  • Electrical safety device
  • verb
  • (Metal) to become one through heat contact

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

ready

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US / 'redɪ /

UK / ˈrɛdi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being likely or about to do something
  • Being willing to do a task
  • verb
  • To prepare something for use or action

turn

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US / tɜ:n /

UK / tɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Place where changing of direction happens
  • Your time or chance to perform a duty
  • Your chance to play or do in say a game
  • Unexpected change, as in the weather
  • verb
  • To become (a particular age)
  • To become a different quality, color, etc.
  • To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
  • To move in an opposite direction or position
  • To shape metal with a spinning tool

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

power

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US / 'paʊə(r) /

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal or official right to perform certain actions
  • Ability to move forcefully and quickly
  • Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
  • Mathematical way to multiply a number
  • Condition of being in political control
  • Physical force, energy, and strength
  • verb
  • To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
  • To move something forcefully and quickly

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

entire

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US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

explainer

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US / ɪksp'leɪnə /

UK / ɪksp'leɪnə /

A1
  • noun
  • Someone giving reasons or details about something

solution

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US / səˈlu:ʃn /

UK / səˈluʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
  • Way to solve or deal with a problem

giant

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US / 'dʒaɪənt /

UK / ˈdʒaɪənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very large, or much bigger than other things
  • noun
  • Tall, large, and powerful human-like creatures
  • Very successful, powerful person or organization

follow

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US / ˈfɔləu /

UK / ˈfɑlo /

A1
  • verb
  • To come after someone; be guided by someone
  • To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
  • To be the logical result of something
  • To happen after something else happens
  • To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
  • To understand something happening or being said

core

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US / kɔ:(r) /

UK / kɔr, kor /

A2
  • noun
  • Important central part of something
  • verb
  • To take out the central section of a fruit

run

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US / rʌn /

UK / rʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Journey between two places made by ship or car
  • Series of similar things or successes and failures
  • Act of running; exercise of running
  • verb
  • To depart or travel according to a schedule
  • To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
  • (Of an engine) to be operating
  • To start or use a computer program
  • To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
  • To manage or operate a business
  • To operate or drive something
  • (Of a road) to go from one place to another
  • To move your legs faster than walking

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

loose

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US / lu:s /

UK / lus /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Idea, thought, or work) unclear or imprecise
  • Not tightly attached or held
  • Not being attached to or contained within anything
  • Not tightly controlled, organized, or governed
  • verb
  • To shoot or fire something from a gun

below

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US / bɪ'ləʊ /

UK / bɪˈlo /

A1
  • preposition
  • In a lower position, place, or level

transparent

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US / trænsˈpærənt /

UK / trænsˈpærənt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Being open to see and to public criticism
  • Able to be seen through
  • Being simple and easily understood

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

dish

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US / dɪʃ /

UK / dɪʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Good-looking person of the opposite sex
  • Shallow container that you cook or serve food in
  • Food that has been prepared in a certain way

five

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US / faɪv /

UK / faɪv /

A1
  • number
  • 5

fine

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US / faɪn /

UK / faɪn /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Good, acceptable or satisfactory
  • Of high quality; made with great skill
  • In a careful or exact manner; into small pieces
  • Being of high quality
  • Good; okay; no problem
  • (Of weather) good; not raining
  • noun
  • Money you have to pay because you broke a rule
  • verb
  • To pay money because you broke a law

wow

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US / waʊ /

UK / waʊ /

A1
  • exclamation
  • Sound people make when they make are impressed
  • verb
  • (Informal) to greatly impress someone

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

big

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US / bɪɡ /

UK / bɪɡ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Popular
  • Serious
  • Large

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

liquid

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US / ˈlɪkwɪd /

UK / ˈlɪkwɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of wealth) being able to be spent as cash
  • In a state of being uncertain
  • Moving in a flowing manner, like water or oil
  • noun
  • Something that is similar to the state of water

cook

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US / kʊk /

UK / kʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • A person who prepares food
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To heat food until it is ready to eat

always

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US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

A1
  • adverb
  • For a very long time
  • At all times; in every situation
  • For ever

stick

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US / stɪk /

UK / stɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • Long thin piece of wood from a tree
  • verb
  • To push a sharp or pointed object into something
  • To join together using glue or paste
  • To remain in one place or position for a long time

route

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US / ru:t /

UK / rut, raʊt /

A2
  • noun
  • Way to get from one place to another place; path
  • Path or way that people often use
  • Method of achieving a certain result
  • verb
  • To send along a particular path or way

swim

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US / swɪm /

UK / swɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of swimming in a pool or ocean
  • verb
  • To move through water by moving parts of the body

try

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US / traɪ /

UK / traɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
  • verb
  • To make an effort, to attempt to do something
  • To examine someone or something in a court of law
  • To test to see if it is good or you like it
  • To make a person go through hardship; test
  • To examine something to see if it works

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

low

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US / ləʊ /

UK / lo /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
  • Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
  • Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
  • (Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
  • noun
  • Situation of not having a lot of something

goodness

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US / ˈgʊdnəs /

UK / ˈɡʊdnɪs /

A2
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express slight surprise)
  • noun
  • Nourishment; good food value

choice

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US / tʃɔɪs /

UK / tʃɔɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Of good quality or taste; desirable
  • noun
  • Decision between two or more possibilities

hundred

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US / 'hʌndrəd /

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

A1
  • number
  • 100

tyson

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US / ˈtaɪsən /

UK / /

A1

substance

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US / 'sʌbstəns /

UK / ˈsʌbstəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Essence of; most basic or central qualities
  • Particular type of material
  • Having material form; existing
  • Quality of truth, importance, or meaningfulness

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

moment

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US / 'məʊmənt /

UK / 'moʊmənt /

A1
  • noun
  • Very short or brief period of time
  • A particular period in time

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

complete

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US / kəm'pli:t /

UK / kəmˈplit /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being finished; done; achieved
  • Being as perfect and as total as could be
  • verb
  • To finish or reach the end of doing something

handle

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US / 'hændl /

UK / ˈhændl /

A2
  • noun
  • The part of a door you hold to open it
  • Thing you hold to carry or open a bag, pan etc.
  • verb
  • To cope with or take responsibility for
  • To control a machine, car etc.
  • To control or be controlled /used in a certain way
  • To deal with a particular situation/person; manage
  • To buy, sell, or move materials or goods
  • To hold, control, or use something with the hands
  • To touch objects with the hands to look at them

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

boost

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US / bu:st /

UK / bust /

B1
  • noun
  • An increase in something
  • verb
  • To increase something; to make something better
  • To push someone or something up from beneath them

problem

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US / ˈprɒbləm /

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Causing trouble
  • noun
  • Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
  • Question to show understanding of a math concept

next

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US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one

hand

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US / hænd /

UK / hænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Cards given to a player in a card game
  • Piece of a clock that points to the time
  • Someone who performs physical tasks or work
  • Body part at the end of a person's arm
  • Help for someone performing a particular action
  • Condition of having power or influence
  • Member of the crew of a ship
  • verb
  • To give something to someone personally

twelve

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US / twelv /

UK / twɛlv /

A1
  • number
  • 12

end

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US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

collapse

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US / kə'læps /

UK / kəˈlæps /

B1
  • verb
  • To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
  • To suddenly fall down or break apart into pieces
  • To fall down suddenly due to being ill or tired

breakfast

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US / ˈbrekfəst /

UK / ˈbrɛkfəst /

A2
  • noun
  • First meal of the day
  • verb
  • To have the first meal of the day

sun

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US / sʌn /

UK / sʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Light and heat coming from a large star in the sky
  • Hot shining star the Earth moves around
  • verb
  • To lie in the sunshine and enjoy its warmth

pure

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US / pjʊə(r) /

UK / pjʊr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not mixed with anything else
  • Being morally good

hear

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
  • To be told or find out information or facts
  • To consider or listen to a court case

full

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US / fʊl /

UK / fʊl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Containing all the parts; complete
  • Containing or holding as much as possible
  • Having had enough food
  • adverb
  • In a direct manner; completely

air

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US / eə(r) /

UK / er /

A1
  • noun
  • Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
  • A person's manner intended to impress others
  • verb
  • To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
  • To broadcast a TV or radio show
  • To open a subject to discussion and debate

awful

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US / ˈɔ:fl /

UK / ˈɔfəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very bad; horrible; terrible

rear

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US / rɪə(r) /

UK / rɪr /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of the human body that you sit on; buttocks
  • verb
  • To care for a young animal, child into adulthood
  • (Of horse) to raise the body up on the back legs

correct

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US / kə'rekt /

UK / kəˈrɛkt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being suitable and appropriate for an occasion
  • True or accurate
  • verb
  • To fix a problem
  • To write marks on a piece of work to show mistakes
  • To punish in order to improve

chef

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US / ʃef /

UK / ʃɛf /

B1
  • noun
  • Person whose job is to cook food in a restaurant
  • The top assistant in a professional kitchen

send

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US / send /

UK / sɛnd /

A1
  • verb
  • To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
  • To cause mail or packages to go to another place
  • To move something quickly in a particular way
  • To give information or greetings to someone

replace

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US / rɪ'pleɪs /

UK / rɪˈples /

A2
  • verb
  • To use instead of something else
  • To return an item to its original location

poker

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US / 'pəʊkə(r) /

UK / ˈpokɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Fire iron used to stir a fire
  • Betting card game

never

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US / 'nevə(r) /

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not ever; not at any time

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

test

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US / test /

UK / test /

A1
  • noun
  • A medical examination
  • Action to establish the truth or nature of
  • Examination; questions to measure knowledge
  • verb
  • To be given a medical examination
  • To try to establish the truth or nature of
  • To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

set

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US / set /

UK / sɛt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Prepared for something; ready
  • noun
  • Complete group of something
  • Place where a television show or movie is filmed
  • Group of games in a tennis match
  • Device that receives radio or television signals
  • verb
  • To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
  • To decide upon or choose something
  • To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
  • To decide on a price for something
  • To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
  • To be located in a specific place or time
  • To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
  • To put someone in a certain condition or state
  • (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

die

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US / daɪ /

UK / daɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Cube with dots numbering 1-6 on it used in games
  • verb
  • To cease to function or work
  • (Of a thing) to stop being used or done
  • (Of a person) to stop living

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

fireplace

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US / ˈfaɪəpleɪs /

UK / ˈfaɪrˌples /

B2
  • noun
  • Open area in a wall where a fire can be built

vibe

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US / vaɪb /

UK / vaɪb /

C1
  • noun
  • Distinct emotional aura experienced instinctively

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

solid

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US / 'sɒlɪd /

UK / ˈsɑlɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being able to be trusted; reliable
  • Substance that is hard or of fixed shape
  • Being well made and expected to last long
  • Having no space or emptiness inside
  • Being made entirely of one material or substance
  • noun
  • Something firm or hard; not gas or liquid

transparency

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US / trænsˈpærənsi /

UK / trænsˈpɛrənsi, -ˈpær- /

B2
  • noun
  • Quality of being open to see/to public criticism
  • Fact of being able to be seen through
  • Quality of being clear and easily understood

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

communicate

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US / kə'mju:nɪkeɪt /

UK / kəˈmjunɪˌket /

A2
  • verb
  • To give and exchange information

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

stuff

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US / stʌf /

UK / stʌf /

A1
  • noun
  • Generic description for things, materials, objects
  • verb
  • To push material inside something, with force

puff

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US / pʌf /

UK / pʌf /

B1
  • noun
  • Sweet baked food filled with cream or jam
  • Small cloud of air/smoke that can be seen or felt
  • verb
  • To breath in and out quickly
  • To produce a small cloud of smoke, steam etc.
  • To breath smoke from a pipe, etc. in and out

molecule

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US / ˈmɒlɪkju:l /

UK / ˈmɑlɪˌkjul /

B2
  • noun
  • Two or more atoms chemically combined

under

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US / ˈʌndə(r) /

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In the same place as another thing, but lower
  • adverb
  • In a lower quantity or price than expected
  • preposition
  • According to the terms of an agreement or law
  • Managed or controlled by the authority of
  • Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
  • Influenced or affected by something or someone
  • Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

fact

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US / fækt /

UK / fækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is known or proved to be true

few

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US / fju: /

UK / fju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Not many, a small number

bubble

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US / ˈbʌbl /

UK / ˈbʌbəl /

B1
  • noun
  • A small ball of air inside of a liquid
  • verb
  • (Of a liquid) to produce bubbles, as when boiling
  • To show intense emotion, e.g. excitement, anger

water

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US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
  • Large area such as an ocean or sea
  • verb
  • (Of the eyes) to produce tears
  • (Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
  • To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

steam

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US / sti:m /

UK / stim /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Train, engine) powered by boiling water
  • noun
  • Mist collecting on a surface when wet air cools
  • Source of stamina, strength or energy
  • Mist of water in the air formed when water boils
  • verb
  • To cover a surface with steam, so as to clean it
  • To cook in mist of tiny drops from boiling water
  • To produce or give off a hot gas by boiling liquid
  • To travel or move using steam as a force

sound

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US / saʊnd /

UK / saʊnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sensible, dependable and reliable
  • Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
  • Firm or solid in structure
  • Sane; not mentally ill
  • Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
  • noun
  • Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
  • Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
  • verb
  • To seem or appear to be, from what was said
  • To say in a clear deliberate manner
  • To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

cool

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US / ku:l /

UK / kul /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Steady and calm when facing difficulties
  • Almost cold; not warm or hot
  • Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
  • Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
  • verb
  • To make something decrease in temperature
  • (Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

far

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US / fɑ:(r) /

UK / fɑr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A long way away
  • Being a long way away
  • adverb
  • To a large degree or extent

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

something

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US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

keep

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US / ki:p /

UK / kip /

A1
  • noun
  • Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
  • Money spent on you so you can live in a place
  • verb
  • To continue doing something; not to stop
  • To stop balls going in a goal in sports
  • To not give back or return something
  • (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
  • To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
  • To have and continue to hold something
  • To do something that you have promised or agreed
  • To stay in a certain place or condition
  • To maintain the rules

bob

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US / bɒb /

UK / bɑ:b /

B2
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To move up and down repeatedly

thermodynamically

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • adverb
  • With respect to thermodynamics

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

early

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US / ˈɜ:li /

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or appearing before
  • adverb
  • Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
  • Happening sooner than expected

chuck

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US / tʃʌk /

UK / tʃʌk /

B2
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To throw carelessly or casually

cooler

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US / ˈku:lə(r) /

UK / ˈkulɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • More cool than
  • Being more smart or stylish than others
  • noun
  • A box to keep things such as food, drink cool

swell

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US / swel /

UK / swɛl /

B1
  • noun
  • Being overcome from feeling a strong emotion
  • Act of growing in size or increasing in number
  • The size of the waves (surfing)
  • verb
  • To feel overcome due to a strong emotion
  • To increase in size or number larger than normal
  • To become larger than normal, often due to injury

temperature

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US / ˈtemprətʃə(r) /

UK / ˈtɛmpərəˌtʃʊr,-tʃɚ,ˈtɛmprə- /

A2
  • noun
  • When you your body heat is above normal
  • How hot or cold something is, e.g. the weather

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

hot

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US / hɒt /

UK / hɑ:t /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Angry or excited
  • Being very good at something
  • Having a high temperature
  • Popular and causing a great deal of excitement
  • Attractive in a sexually exciting way
  • (Of food) very spicy
  • Stolen; dangerous to buy or trade in

form

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US / fɔ:m /

UK / fɔrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Sports team or person's current winning record
  • Document you complete when making an application
  • Visible shape or style; type; kind
  • verb
  • To organize something such as a club or group
  • To develop; to come into a shape or substance
  • To make something into a particular shape

escape

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US / ɪ'skeɪp /

UK / ɪˈskep /

A2
  • noun
  • Act to briefly ignoring boring or bad things
  • The 'esc key' on a keyboard
  • Act of getting away from where you are being kept
  • verb
  • To avoid something undesirable, dangerous or bad
  • To get away from a place where you are being kept
  • (Gas, water) to come out from a pipe, container
  • To not to be noticed or remembered by someone

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

put

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US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

completely

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US / kəmˈpli:tli /

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In every way or as much as possible

height

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US / haɪt /

UK / haɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Distance of something from the bottom to the top

until

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US / ənˈtɪl /

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Up to; to a time when something happens
  • preposition
  • Before (a specific time)

small

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US / smɔ:l /

UK / smɔl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Little in size; not big
  • (Of letters) not written in capital letters
  • Being insignificant or minor
  • (Of a business) with few people or things; local
  • (Of voice) being soft and quiet
  • (Of a child) being young

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

pot

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US / pɒt /

UK / pɑt /

A2
  • noun
  • Container designed to hold or store something
  • Deep, round container that is used for cooking
  • Large, significant quantity of something
  • Slang name for marijuana
  • Net pocket at the corners, etc. of a snooker table
  • Money that can be won in a card game or a bet
  • verb
  • To plant something in a container filled with soil
  • To hit a ball into a table pocket in snooker

unless

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US / ənˈles /

UK / ʌnˈlɛs /

A2
  • conjunction
  • Negative of 'if'

exactly

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US / ɪgˈzæktli /

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

A1
  • adverb
  • No more and no less than; precisely

underwater

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US / ˌʌndəˈwɔ:tə(r) /

UK / ˈʌndɚˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • (Moving or existing) beneath the surface of water

wait

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US / weɪt /

UK / wet /

A1
  • verb
  • To delay or not do something until later
  • To spend time until an expected thing happens
  • To remain in a place until a thing happens

inside

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US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being in something
  • Being in a building
  • adverb
  • Into a house; indoors
  • noun
  • Inner part or surface of something

matter

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US / 'mætə(r) /

UK / ˈmætɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Material all things are made of that fills space
  • Problem or reason for concern
  • verb
  • To be of great importance; to count

heat

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US / hi:t /

UK / hit /

A2
  • noun
  • State of anger, excitement, or arguing
  • Particular temperature at which to cook something
  • High temperature
  • One of series of races to find the finalists
  • Hot temperature, conditions, or weather
  • verb
  • To make hot or hotter

fry

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US / fraɪ /

UK / fraɪ /

A2
  • verb
  • To cook something in fat or oil
  • To burn your skin due to too long in the sun

burn

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US / bɜ:n /

UK / bɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Damage from fire or heat
  • verb
  • To destroy with fire
  • To feel pain and heat
  • To use as fuel for a fire to make light or heat
  • To overcook food with too much heat it goes black

vibrate

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US / vaɪˈbreɪt /

UK / ˈvaɪˌbret /

B2
  • verb
  • To shake side to side quickly in small movements

third

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US / θɜ:d /

UK / θɜ:rd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 3rd: Number after second

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

ever

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US / 'evə(r) /

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At any time; at all times in the future

certain

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US / ˈsə:tn /

UK / ˈsɚtn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Definite, fixed
  • Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
  • Being sure about something; without doubt

associate

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US / ə'səʊʃɪeɪt /

UK / əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Part of a job title indicating a junior position
  • noun
  • Partner in professional work, e.g. in law
  • verb
  • To spend time with other people; mix with
  • To form a connection in your mind between things

reason

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US / 'ri:zn /

UK / ˈrizən /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
  • Explanation for why something occurred or was done
  • verb
  • To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

plus

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US / plʌs /

UK / plʌs /

A2
  • noun
  • A benefit or advantage
  • preposition
  • In addition; add
  • In addition to; Indicates a number above
  • Having a value greater than zero

previous

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US / ˈpri:viəs /

UK / ˈpriviəs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Existing or happening before the present time

carbon

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US / 'kɑ:bən /

UK / ˈkɑrbən /

B1
  • noun
  • Chemical element with an atomic number of 6

stay

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US / steɪ /

UK / ste /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal order to stop or delay an action
  • Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
  • Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
  • verb
  • To keep trying without giving up
  • To remain in the same place and not move away
  • To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

tell

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US / tel /

UK / tɛl /

A1
  • verb
  • To (strongly) advise a person to do something
  • To be able to guess
  • To say or communicate information to someone
  • To inform, but without speaking; indicate
  • To have a negative effect on someone
  • To order someone to do something; command
  • To recognize something based on certain signs
  • To report something to an authority
  • To explain something or teach someone something

interesting

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US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Taking your attention; making you want to know
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

kick

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US / kɪk /

UK / kɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • Feeling of enjoyment or excitement
  • verb
  • To hit or move something with the foot

enough

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US / ɪˈnʌf /

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sufficient to answer the need
  • adverb
  • To a satisfactory degree
  • pronoun
  • Equal to what is needed; as much as required
  • Adequate number or amount

expand

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US / ɪk'spænd /

UK / ɪkˈspænd /

A2
  • verb
  • To make something larger in size, number, amount

energy

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US / 'enədʒɪ /

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical or mental strength

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

slowly

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US / ˈsləʊli /

UK / ˈsloʊli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In an unhurried or not speedy manner

egg

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US / eg /

UK / ɛɡ /

A2
  • noun
  • Hard-shelled thing from which a young bird is born

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

least

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US / li:st /

UK / list /

A1
  • adverb
  • In the smallest or lowest way
  • noun
  • Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

disappear

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US / ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r) /

UK / ˌdɪsəˈpɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To no longer see because it's not there any more

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

sit

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US / sɪt /

UK / sɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To take an exam
  • To be in a resting position on a chair
  • To provide seating for people
  • To remain in a still position while being painted

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

iron

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US / ˈaɪən /

UK / ˈaɪərn /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being very tough, strong, and determined
  • noun
  • Heavy metal device heated to smooth clothes
  • Golf club with a metal head
  • Strong hard metal used to make steel
  • verb
  • To use a hot flat-based machine to smooth clothes

eventually

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US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

current

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US / 'kʌrənt /

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or being in the present time
  • noun
  • Electricity flowing through wires
  • Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

yeah

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US / jeə /

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

A1
  • exclamation
  • Another way of saying 'yes'

happen

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US / 'hæpən /

UK / ˈhæpən /

A1
  • verb
  • To take place or occur

fart

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US / fɑ:t /

UK / fɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • Gas emitted from the anus
  • verb
  • To break wind; to emit gas from the anus

boil

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US / bɔɪl /

UK / bɔɪl /

A2
  • verb
  • To become extremely angry or excited
  • To cook in very hot water
  • To make liquids hot so they turn to gas

bottom

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US / 'bɒtəm /

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
  • noun
  • The part of your body you sit on
  • Lowest position, often in a company or contest
  • Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
  • Lowest level, part or point of an object
  • The part under something, e.g. a vase
  • verb
  • To hit the lowest part of something

adjacent

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US / əˈdʒeɪsnt /

UK / əˈdʒesənt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being close or near to a border, wall, or point

ultimately

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US / ˈʌltɪmətli /

UK / ˈʌltəmɪtli /

B1
  • adverb
  • Done or considered as the final and most important

puppy

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US / ˈpʌpi /

UK / ˈpʌpi /

B1
  • noun
  • Very young dog (and some other animals)

own

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US / əʊn /

UK / on /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Belong to oneself
  • determiner
  • Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
  • pronoun
  • (Something) belong to myself
  • verb
  • To have something as your property

place

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US / pleɪs /

UK / ples /

A1
  • noun
  • Particular location, area or region
  • verb
  • To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • To put something in a certain location or position

hydrogen

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US / ˈhaɪdrədʒən /

UK / ˈhaɪdrədʒən /

B1
  • noun
  • Lightest of all chemical elements

ball

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US / bɔ:l /

UK / bɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • Large dance where people dress formally
  • Small round object often used in a game or sport

spill

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US / spɪl /

UK / spɪl /

B1
  • noun
  • Accident when someone falls
  • Act of allowing a fluid to escape
  • verb
  • To come out of and spread beyond limits
  • To cause (blood) to flow from body, as by killing
  • To tell secrets or let information escape
  • To cause a liquid to fall out of its container
  • To come out of a holding container

pool

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US / pu:l /

UK / pul /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount collected, e.g. money, for some purpose
  • Small body of still water
  • Game of hitting balls on a table with long sticks
  • Small area of water for swimming bound by walls
  • verb
  • (Of a liquid) to collect into a small area
  • To make a collection of (resources, money etc.)

hard

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US / hɑ:d /

UK / hɑː(r)d /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
  • (Of alcohol) strong
  • Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
  • Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
  • Strong
  • (Of edge) clear; sharp
  • Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
  • adverb
  • With lots of force, power, or impact

jeez

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US / dʒi:z /

UK / dʒi:z /

A1
  • noun
  • Used to express surprise or annoyance

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

yet

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US / jet /

UK / jɛt /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a later time (used after ‘not’)
  • (Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
  • Eventually; at a future time
  • Until now; up to the present
  • conjunction
  • Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

want

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US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

thin

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US / θɪn /

UK / θɪn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Flowing with ease; with a high percentage of water
  • (Of air) having little oxygen
  • Being or growing far apart in small amounts
  • Not thick; not wide in size
  • Having little flesh or fat on the body
  • Being weak or useless
  • verb
  • To make flow more easily by adding water or liquid

significant

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US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt /

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
  • Having meaning; important; noticeable
  • (Statistics) being clearly different

oatmeal

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US / ˈəʊtmi:l /

UK / ˈoʊtmi:l /

C2
  • noun
  • Cereal made from rolled or ground oats

helium

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US / ˈhi:liəm /

UK / ˈhiliəm /

C1
  • noun
  • Light, colorless gaseous element with no smell

expect

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US / ɪk'spekt /

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

A1
  • verb
  • To believe something is probably going to happen

calm

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US / kɑ:m /

UK / kɑm /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Without wind or storm; quiet; peaceful
  • Relaxed and not worried or angry
  • verb
  • To make or become relaxed and not worried or angry

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

whole

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US / həul /

UK / hol /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; all of
  • Being in a good condition
  • noun
  • Complete amount or sum; total

twist

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US / twɪst /

UK / twɪst /

A2
  • noun
  • Turn or spiral curve in a path or road
  • Bend or sudden change of direction
  • An unexpected change in the direction of a story
  • a change in the way in which something happens
  • verb
  • To turn something in a circular direction
  • To turn in a curving direction e.g. road or path
  • To bend something into a particular shape
  • To change the meaning in an unintended way
  • To turn in opposite directions at the same time
  • To wind something around something else
  • To turn direction or position, as of your body

size

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US / saɪz /

UK / saɪz /

A1
  • noun
  • How big or small a thing is
  • Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
  • verb
  • To make something to fit a particular measurement
  • To organize or group from small to large

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

potholder

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US / ˈpɒthəʊldə(r) /

UK / ˈpɑːtˌhoʊldər /

A1
  • noun
  • Insulated pad for holding hot pots

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

slow

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US / sləʊ /

UK / sloʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Lacking activity, busyness or excitement
  • (Clock) showing time earlier than the actual time
  • Having difficulty understanding simple things
  • Moving or happening without speed; not fast
  • verb
  • To move, with less speed than before
  • To move or go without much speed

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

become

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US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

star

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US / stɑ:(r) /

UK / stɑr /

A1
  • noun
  • Very famous person, usually an entertainer
  • Someone who does something very well
  • Your horoscope
  • A bright planet of hot gas in the night sky
  • A 5-6 sided asterisk-shape
  • verb
  • To perform or play a main role in a movie, play
  • To do something very well
  • To mark with a 5-6 sided asterisk-shape

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

convert

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US / kən'vɜ:t /

UK / kənˈvɚt /

A2
  • noun
  • Person switching from one belief system to another
  • verb
  • To switch from a religion, belief etc. to another
  • To change form, character, or function to another

sense

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US / sens /

UK / sɛns /

A1
  • noun
  • Certain mental feeling or emotion
  • Normal or clear state of mind
  • Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
  • verb
  • To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
  • To recognize the presence of something

coil

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US / kɔɪl /

UK / kɔɪl /

B2
  • noun
  • Wire wound into circles to carry electricity
  • Long material wound into circular rings
  • verb
  • To curl or wind around especially in neat rings
  • To make (rope, hair, etc.) into circles; wind

tickle

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US / 'tɪkl /

UK / ˈtɪkəl /

B1
  • noun
  • Discomfort caused by something touching the skin
  • Discomfort in the throat before a person coughs
  • Touching someone lightly causing them to laugh
  • Slight adjustment of settings on a device
  • verb
  • To amuse or entertain someone
  • To touch someone lightly causing them to laugh
  • To slightly adjust settings on a device

red

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US / red /

UK / rɛd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the color of blood

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

bit

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US / bɪt /

UK / bɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • Small piece of something
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

bright

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US / braɪt /

UK / braɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Cheerful and happy (manner)
  • (Of color) light and easy to see; vivid
  • Producing a lot of light
  • Smart; intelligent; clever

sandwich

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US / ˈsænwɪtʃ /

UK / ˈsændwɪtʃ, ˈsæn- /

A1
  • noun
  • Two pieces of bread with meat, cheese etc. in it
  • verb
  • To catch between two things

option

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US / 'ɒpʃn /

UK / ˈɑpʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • A choice
  • Right to buy or sell at a certain price and time

fill

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US / fɪl /

UK / fɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of filling; amount used to make something full
  • verb
  • To make something full
  • To move into all parts of an area
  • To repair a surface by adding a substance to it
  • To use (time); to do something during

whereas

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US / ˌweərˈæz /

UK / hwɛrˈæz, wɛr- /

A2
  • conjunction
  • Taking into consideration the fact that

hold

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US / həʊld /

UK / hold /

A1
  • noun
  • Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
  • Influence or power held over someone
  • Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
  • verb
  • To agree to keep something for someone
  • To have the capacity to support/contain something
  • To control an area and protect it from attack
  • To not allow someone to leave a place
  • To cause an event to happen at a place or time
  • To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
  • To have a specific quality or property
  • To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
  • To have or own something
  • To wait before being able to talk on the phone
  • To limit the movement of someone in a sport

stove

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US / stəuv /

UK / stov /

B1
  • noun
  • Device that burns fuel for heating or cooking

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

pan

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US / pæn /

UK / pæn /

A2
  • noun
  • Open metal container used for cooking
  • Steel drum
  • Big, flat bowl, used to find gold with water
  • verb
  • To follow an object being filmed with a camera
  • To criticize, e.g. a film, in a strong way
  • To sort gold from other materials using water

electric

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US / ɪˈlektrɪk /

UK / ɪˈlɛktrɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Creating a feeling of excitement
  • Using electricity

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

yes

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US / jes /

UK / jɛs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Way to say you agree or will do something

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

succumb

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US / səˈkʌm /

UK / səˈkʌm /

B2
  • verb
  • To eventually die from a disease
  • To give in to something tempting

move

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US / mu:v /

UK / muv /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
  • An action; doing something
  • Step taken to achieve a goal
  • verb
  • To cause someone to have certain emotions
  • To cause something to change to a different place
  • To change where people live or a business operates
  • To take action to do or achieve something

huge

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US / hju:dʒ /

UK / hjudʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very very large

top

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US / tɒp /

UK / tɑp /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good or great; excellent
  • Being the most in degree or quality
  • noun
  • Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
  • A cover or lid
  • Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
  • Highest or upper part or point of something
  • Best or highest status or position
  • Flat upper surface or edge of an object
  • Child's toy that spins on its point
  • Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
  • Winning in a sport or contest
  • verb
  • To be higher or larger than a specific value
  • To arrive at the highest point of something
  • To put a cover or layer or over something
  • To kill; murder
  • To hold the highest position on a list
  • To be more important, successful or better than
  • To beat someone or win at a game

super

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US / ˈsu:pə(r) /

UK / ˈsupɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of the highest quality; great; marvelous

pocket

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US / 'pɒkɪt /

UK / ˈpɑkɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (As if) small enough to fit in your pocket
  • noun
  • Small cloth bag sewn into clothing to hold things
  • Area of space
  • verb
  • To put something into your pocket
  • To take or hide something illegally

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

fast

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US / fɑ:st /

UK / fæst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a way that is difficult to move or change
  • Moving or able to move quickly
  • Showing time that is later than the actual time
  • adverb
  • With a great deal of speed
  • noun
  • Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
  • verb
  • To refuse food for a long time
  • Subtitles section
  • So Chuck, I'm going to tell you how to boil water.
  • So for this explainer, I am going to go and get a sandwich.
  • You fill a pot with water.
  • Now you put it on the stove.
  • Then you turn on the heat.
  • be it electric, coil, or gas.
  • This is groundbreaking stuff.
  • So you're heating the pan.
  • Right.
  • And then the bottom of the pot is heating the bottom of the water.
  • That makes sense so far.
  • So you'd expect the water at the bottom of the pot to be hotter than the water at the top of the pot.
  • as it gets hot, the water molecules vibrate faster and faster.
  • And if your molecule's sitting next to me, and you're not vibrating as fast as I am, I'm like, calm down, man, calm down.
  • What is your problem?
  • Jeez.
  • But you will ultimately succumb.
  • And my vibrations will send you into vibrating.
  • You will send the adjacent molecules next to you.
  • It's called conduction.
  • It's how, if you have a fireplace poker,
  • or the handle of an iron pan on the stove, the pan gets hot, eventually the handle gets hot.
  • Lord, have I learned that the hard way.
  • OK.
  • So the iron molecules start vibrating, and they tickle the molecules next to it, set them vibrating.
  • And that is heat energy going out of the pan, up the handle, to your hand to burn you, unless you get a potholder.
  • Right.
  • So the liquid will conduct heat.
  • until that's not fast enough.
  • Conducting is slow.
  • You could hold the handle of an iron pan for at least five minutes.
  • Long time.
  • Meanwhile, you're frying an egg, right?
  • Yeah, exactly.
  • So there's a point where the heat is vibrating the molecules faster than the molecules can communicate that fact to molecules above it.
  • Aha.
  • So the solution to this is blobs of water
  • Rise up from the bottom.
  • You don't see the early bits of this because the water is completely transparent and there aren't any bubbles yet.
  • But the hot water rises, physically moves.
  • That can't happen in your iron pan because it's solid.
  • The iron can only move heat through conduction.
  • But the moment the heat becomes significant,
  • Whole pockets of water will rise up, replaced with cool pockets of water that were above that come in below.
  • If I rise up, something's got to take its place.
  • Right.
  • If you want to test this next time, put in a few raisins at the bottom.
  • Sounds like an awful dish.
  • So you'll see the raisin bob up and down inside the liquid.
  • And it's doing that because it's following the pockets of water.
  • There you go.
  • So convection is a way to get heat from one place to the other by physically moving blobs of the stuff.
  • And so convection can happen in solids, but it can happen in liquids and in air.
  • Air, gas.
  • OK.
  • But it's not boiling yet.
  • What happens when it boils?
  • I'll tell you when it's boiling.
  • It's boiling when at the bottom of the stove, it is so hot
  • The water at the base of the pot turns into steam.
  • Wait, inside?
  • Inside.
  • Wow.
  • So you have a ball of steam there, plus it's gas.
  • Gas underwater is going to rise fast.
  • Exactly.
  • Now, the early bubbles of steam, these are cool.
  • The early bubbles, you'll see them start.
  • And as they move their way up, they get smaller and smaller and they disappear.
  • Right.
  • Because the water above that layer is not at boiling temperature yet.
  • It's cool.
  • It's cooler.
  • So it's cooling down this steam bubble, turning it back into water.
  • Interesting.
  • So when the bubble is formed and keeps the same size, the entire route to the top
  • Then you have a two hundred and twelve degrees boiling water.
  • So boiling water is really just it's just water farting, basically.
  • That's exactly what I was thinking.
  • If you fart in a swimming pool, that bubble will not disappear.
  • That'll just stay a bubble all the way up.
  • That's the easiest way to get kicked out of a pool party.
  • Why are there bubbles coming from your suit?
  • Coming from your rear end.
  • No, none of what I just said is why I have this explainer with you.
  • Okay, plot twist.
  • Have you ever had a pure pot of water
  • Boil over.
  • Oh, no, it never boils over.
  • But wait, when you make spaghetti, it can boil over.
  • Yes, it can.
  • What is the most boil over substance known to man in a morning stove?
  • The most, oh, oatmeal.
  • Oatmeal.
  • Oatmeal.
  • Oatmeal.
  • Oatmeal.
  • Oatmeal.
  • So why does water not boil over?
  • But oatmeal does.
  • Why?
  • I will tell you.
  • I'm ready.
  • There they are, slowly coming up to temperature.
  • The pure water gets to two twelve.
  • A blob of steam rises up and escapes the top.
  • Right.
  • What happens to that same blob of steam in the oatmeal?
  • It can't get out.
  • Right.
  • There's oatmeal in the way.
  • But it has to get out.
  • Right.
  • Thermodynamically, it has to escape.
  • So you have these bubbles and say, we're getting out no matter what.
  • We're busting loose out of this pot.
  • And the only way to do that is to expand the layers of oatmeal so that it has pockets
  • of water that it can come out through.
  • If you start out with a pot of oatmeal that's one third full, that puppy will expand to the complete height of the pan so that the steam can get out.
  • The sun, when it dies, you always heard it say, it becomes a red giant.
  • Right.
  • When the sun dies, it runs out of hydrogen in its core.
  • It converted all the hydrogen to helium, right?
  • There's a certain luminosity associated with that.
  • Fine.
  • Now I just have helium, what's next?
  • The sun collapses, then it starts fusing helium into carbon.
  • That happens at a higher luminosity.
  • The sun gets brighter.
  • More energy is coming in from the core of the sun.
  • But wait, that energy can't get out of the previous sun.
  • It has the same problem with the oatmeal.
  • Okay?
  • The previous sun had a transparency of energy to it that gave it its current size.
  • When you boost the energy level of the core, it can't get out until it busts out.
  • and it is going to get out.
  • And en route, it takes the sun and swells it into the size of a red giant star.
  • Now the energy can get out.
  • And it goes from its current size to hundreds of times bigger.
  • Oh my goodness.
  • You thought your oatmeal spilled over.
  • The sun is basically spilling over out of its pot.
  • Wow.
  • Which is why, if you want to tame the oatmeal, you have to lower the heat.
  • Lower the heat.
  • As much as you can.
  • We can't do that to the sun.
  • The sun is stuck with the high energy.
  • It's going to puff up and become a huge red giant star.
  • So under high heat, the oatmeal wants to become a big giant star, basically, trying to get the energy out.
  • Right, right.
  • Lower the heat, which the sun doesn't have the power to do.
  • Now it can bubble, and you can cook the oatmeal.
  • So the sun has no choice but to go ahead to keep expanding.
  • Correct.
  • Until it becomes its own delicious breakfast explosion.
  • Whereas you, the chef in the morning, have the option to lower the heat on the oatmeal.
  • Right.
  • So the oatmeal boils over for the same reason the sun gets big.
  • The energy can't get out and it has to thin things up above it so that the energy can find its way out.
  • And it does.
  • That's super cool.
  • That's how to boil water.
  • Neil deGrasse Tyson here.
  • Keep looking up.