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Are we still being conned by the bottled water industry? | 60 Minutes Australia

Original YouTube Video | 60MinutesAU Published on 2023-05-08 Level：98 Speed：48 maxwordlevel：21

Video vocabulary

clever

US / 'klevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈklɛvɚ /

adjecitve
Funny in a way that shows intelligence
Showing intelligence; quick to understand or learn

hydrogen

US / ˈhaɪdrədʒən /

•

UK / ˈhaɪdrədʒən /

noun
Lightest of all chemical elements

lack

US / læk /

•

UK / læk /

noun
The state of not having or not having enough of
A shortage of something
verb
To not have, or not have enough, of something

lovely

US / ˈlʌvli /

•

UK / ˈlʌvli /

adjecitve
Attractive or beautiful

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

profit

US / 'prɒfɪt /

•

UK / 'prɑ:fɪt /

noun
Benefit from doing something
Money earned from sales, after costs are deducted
verb
To be a benefit to someone
To earn money from something

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

taster

US / ˈteɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtestɚ /

noun
Someone who samples food or drink for its quality

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

bottler

US / ˈbɒtlə /

•

UK / ˈbɑtlər /

noun
Manufacturer that makes and bottles beverages

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

corso

US / ˈkɔrsoʊ /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
CORSO is an acronym

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

impact

US / 'ɪmpækt /

•

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

noun
A striking effect or result to hit with force
Very strong influence
Act or force of one thing hitting something else
verb
To hit or strike someone or something with force

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

prefer

US / prɪˈfɜ:(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈfɚ /

verb
To like something better than something else

san

US / /

•

UK / /

adjective
Relating to the San or their languages.
noun
A member of the aboriginal peoples of southern Africa commonly called Bushmen.
The group of Khoisan languages spoken by the San.

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

bemuse

US / bɪ'mju:z /

•

UK / bɪˈmjuz /

verb
To cause to become bewildered, engaged in thought

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

doggy

US / 'dɒɡɪ /

•

UK / ˈdɔɡi, ˈdɑɡi /

noun
Word for dog used by and to children

conclusion

US / kənˈklu:ʒn /

•

UK / kənˈkluʒən /

noun
End of something; finish
Judgment or opinion after thinking for a while
Opinion or final judgment at end of book, essay

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

factory

US / ˈfæktri /

•

UK / ˈfæktəri /

noun
Building where things are made

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

energy

US / 'enədʒɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

noun
Physical or mental strength

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

harden

US / 'hɑ:dn /

•

UK / 'hɑ:rdn /

verb
To make or become hard or firm

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

mix

US / mɪks /

•

UK / mɪks /

noun
A combination of more than two things
verb
To combine two or more things to make one
To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

lab

US / læb /

•

UK / læb /

noun
Short for 'laboratory'

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

sensitive

US / 'sensətɪv /

•

UK / ˈsɛnsɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Taking offense easily; easily upset or hurt
(Private information) needing careful treatment
Concerning awareness of small differences
Able to recognize the feelings of others
Responsive to physical touch
Becoming unstable

julie

US / ˈdʒuːliː /

•

UK / ˈdʒuli /

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

requirement

US / rɪ'kwaɪəmənt /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪrmənt /

noun
A demand that someone does something
Something that is a necessity

restaurant

US / 'restrɒnt /

•

UK / ˈrɛstərənt, -təˌrɑnt /

noun
Place where you can order, buy and eat a meal

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

tooth

US / tu:θ /

•

UK / tuθ /

noun
A sharp points on the edge of a machine or tool
Hard white things in the mouth, used to bite

audacity

US / ɔ:ˈdæsəti /

•

UK / ɔˈdæsɪti /

noun
Bold and daring behavior

anymore

US / 'enɪmɔ: /

•

UK / ˌɛniˈmɔr, -ˈmor /

adverb
No longer; no more

colour

US / ˈkʌlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌlɚ /

noun
Quality of things you can see, e.g. red, blue
Pink or red in your face, e.g. after being ill
The shade of someone's skin e.g. black, or yellow
verb
To change or affect someone's opinion
To make something colorful using colored pencils

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

fancy

US / 'fænsɪ /

•

UK / ˈfænsi /

adjecitve
Unusual and attractive in design
verb
To want to have or do something; feel like
To imagine or suppose that something will happen
To believe or imagine something that is not true

fineness

US / ˈfaɪnnəs /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnnɪs /

noun
High quality; something with very good detail

juice

US / dʒu:s /

•

UK / dʒus /

noun
Liquids (often squeezed from vegetables, fruit)
Something that supplies power, e.g. electricity

purify

US / ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈpjʊrɪfaɪ /

verb
To make pure by removing unwanted substances
To make someone feel pure by removing guilt

practice

US / 'præktɪs /

•

UK / ˈpræktɪs /

noun
The office and place for legal or medical work
Doing something many times to become better at it
verb
To work as a doctor or lawyer
To live according to the teachings of a religion
To do something many times to improve a skill

search

US / sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / sɜ:rtʃ /

noun
Examination of person to find something
Action to find an answer to a problem
Action of trying to find someone or something
verb
To examine a person's clothing to find something
To look for an answer or explanation to a problem
To look carefully for someone or something

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

taint

US / teɪnt /

•

UK / tent /

verb
To hurt or damage the good condition of something

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

wine

US / waɪn /

•

UK / waɪn /

adjecitve
Dark red color
noun
Alcoholic drink made from the juice of grapes

bacteria

US / bæk'tɪərɪə /

•

UK / bækˈtɪriə /

noun
The very small creatures that can cause disease

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

gullible

US / ˈgʌləbl /

•

UK / ˈɡʌləbəl /

adjecitve
Easily deceived; believing whatever they tell you

flog

US / flɒg /

•

UK / flɑ:g /

verb
To hit with a stick or whip as a punishment

city

US / 'sɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪti /

noun
Area with many buildings, roads and people

bottom

US / 'bɒtəm /

•

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

adjecitve
Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
noun
The part of your body you sit on
Lowest position, often in a company or contest
Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
Lowest level, part or point of an object
The part under something, e.g. a vase
verb
To hit the lowest part of something

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

associate

US / ə'səʊʃɪeɪt /

•

UK / əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt /

adjecitve
Part of a job title indicating a junior position
noun
Partner in professional work, e.g. in law
verb
To spend time with other people; mix with
To form a connection in your mind between things

demonstrably

US / 'demənstrəblɪ /

•

UK / 'demənstrəblɪ /

adverb
In an obvious and provable manner

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

distressed

US / dɪˈstrest /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɛst /

adjecitve
Ill, pained or suffering
verb
To cause someone anxiety or sadness
To be in financial trouble

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

addict

US / ˈædɪkt /

•

UK / əˈdɪkt /

noun
Person who can’t control their overuse of a thing

australia

US / ɒˈstreɪliə /

•

UK / ɔːˈstreɪliə /

noun
The smallest continent; between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean

balance

US / ˈbæləns /

•

UK / ˈbæləns /

noun
Instrument for weighing things
Being stable; having equal weight on both sides
Money remaining after paying costs
verb
To be steady by having equal weight on both sides
To make two or more things equal

illustration

US / ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪləˈstreʃən /

noun
Picture that helps explain something
Making an analogy to explain something

gym

US / dʒɪm /

•

UK / dʒɪm /

noun
Physical education taught as a class in school
Building used for physical activities or sports

massive

US / ˈmæsɪv /

•

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

adjecitve
Very big; large; too big

peroxide

US / pəˈrɒksaɪd /

•

UK / pəˈrɑ:ksaɪd /

noun
Chemical used to bleach hair

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

folk

US / fəʊk /

•

UK / fok /

adjecitve
(Of ordinary people) not sophisticated
noun
Ordinary common people

sell

US / sel /

•

UK / sɛl /

verb
To exchange something for money
To persuade people to do, like or agree

stick

US / stɪk /

•

UK / stɪk /

noun
Long thin piece of wood from a tree
verb
To push a sharp or pointed object into something
To join together using glue or paste
To remain in one place or position for a long time

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

expense

US / ɪk'spens /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛns /

noun
Money you have to pay to do part of your job
Paying money for something (big)
When resources e.g. time is used to do something

guess

US / ɡes /

•

UK / ɡɛs /

noun
Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
verb
To give an answer without knowing if it is correct

guideline

US / ˈgaɪdlaɪn /

•

UK / ˈɡaɪdˌlaɪn /

noun
General rule or instruction how to do a thing

wild

US / waɪld /

•

UK / waɪld /

adjecitve
Living in nature; not tame
(Of land) not developed by people
adverb
In a manner which lacks control
noun
A natural environment e.g. jungle, forest

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

available

US / əˈveɪləbl /

•

UK / əˈveləbəl /

adjecitve
Present and able to be used
Able to be used at a scheduled time

bark

US / bɑ:k /

•

UK / bɑ:rk /

noun
Sound made by a dog
Tough outer covering of a tree or other plant
verb
To make the loud sound of a dog (when angry)
To rub off the outer covering of something; scrape
To make a short and loud noise, e.g. giving orders

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

enhance

US / ɪn'hɑ:ns /

•

UK / ɛnˈhæns /

verb
To improve; make bigger or better

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

production

US / prəˈdʌkʃn /

•

UK / prəˈdʌkʃən, pro- /

noun
Process of producing or growing food naturally
Process of making something on a large scale
Process of making a movie or TV show

stupid

US / ˈstju:pɪd /

•

UK / ˈstu:pɪd /

adjecitve
Not intelligent; lacking ability to learn easily

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

beautiful

US / 'bju:tɪfl /

•

UK / ˈbjutəfəl /

adjecitve
Having dome something well
Being very attractive or appealing physically

perfectly

US / ˈpɜ:fɪktli /

•

UK / ˈpəfɪktli /

adverb
In a faultless manner; without mistakes

taste

US / teɪst /

•

UK / test /

noun
(Good) sense of style in clothes, art, or manners
Flavor in your mouth from food or drink
A liking for something; preference
Brief experience of something
verb
To experience something
To experience the flavor of food, drink
To briefly experience to see if you like something

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

straight

US / streɪt /

•

UK / stret /

adjecitve
Not having curves, bends, or angles
Not gay; heterosexual
honest and direct
adverb
in a line; immediately; honestly and directly

true

US / tru: /

•

UK / tru: /

adjecitve
Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

someone

US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Person who is not known or named

astonish

US / ə'stɒnɪʃ /

•

UK / əˈstɑnɪʃ /

verb
To cause someone to feel great wonder or surprise

basic

US / 'beɪsɪk /

•

UK / ˈbesɪk /

adjecitve
At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

clue

US / klu: /

•

UK / klu /

noun
Information that helps explain something; hint

carbon

US / 'kɑ:bən /

•

UK / ˈkɑrbən /

noun
Chemical element with an atomic number of 6

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

fairly

US / 'feəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɛrli /

adverb
Quite; pretty; between very and a little
In a manner that is right and acceptable

healthy

US / ˈhelθi /

•

UK / ˈhɛlθi /

adjecitve
In good condition physically, or financially; well

lap

US / læp /

•

UK / læp /

noun
A gentle repeated motion against something
Area between the waist and knees when seated
Single trip around a track or swimming pool
verb
(Of water) to move in a gentle repeated motion
To drink with the tongue like a cat
To go one more lap further than another racer

village

US / 'vɪlɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈvɪlɪdʒ /

noun
Small town in the country

somehow

US / ˈsʌmhaʊ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌhaʊ /

adverb
In a way that is not known or certain

contain

US / kənˈteɪn /

•

UK / kənˈten /

verb
To keep something from spreading
To hold something inside something else

gravity

US / ˈgrævəti /

•

UK / ˈɡrævɪti /

noun
(Of a situation) extreme seriousness
Force making things fall towards the ground

economy

US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

noun
Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

safe

US / seɪf /

•

UK / sef /

noun
Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
adjecitve
Highly likely
Being out of danger

design

US / dɪˈzaɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

noun
The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
verb
To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
To think of a plan

heart

US / hɑ:t /

•

UK / hɑrt /

noun
A feeling of care for others; compassion
Courage, confidence, and emotional strength
Be cheerfully encouraging
Most essential, important, or central part
Referring to a promise or something important
State or feelings of affection or deep love
Core part of a vegetable, e.g. a lettuce
The part of the body that pumps blood
Place where emotions are believed to be felt
A shape that represents love

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

billion

US / ˈbɪljən /

•

UK / ˈbɪljən /

noun
Number 1,000,000,000

dollar

US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

noun
A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

crowd

US / kraʊd /

•

UK / kraʊd /

noun
Large group of people together in one place
verb
To force too many things, people into
(Lots of people) to meet together in one place

gullibility

US / ˌɡʌlə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / ˌɡʌlə'bɪlətɪ /

noun
Being easily fooled

gut

US / ɡʌt /

•

UK / ɡʌt /

noun
Stomach and internal organs of digestion
Guts courage; emotional strength
verb
To destroy the inside of a building , e.g. by fire
To remove the internal parts of an animal or fish

neither

US / ˈnaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈniðɚ, ˈnaɪ- /

adjecitve
Not one or the other not either none of two things
adverb
Similarly not, also not
conjunction
Not in either case
determiner
Not one or the other
pronoun
Not either one

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

nature

US / 'neɪtʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnetʃɚ /

noun
Person's character or particular way of behaving
Basic look, feel or function of something
Physical world, including plants, animals, rocks

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

pour

US / pɔ:(r) /

•

UK / pɔr, por /

verb
To fill a person's glass or cup with a drink
To make something flow in a steady stream
To rain very heavily

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

tap

US / tæp /

•

UK / tæp /

noun
Faucet; the place you can get water from a pipe
Light hit, generally one that makes a sound
verb
To access a liquid (e.g. in a tree) through a hole
To move feet/fingers to make light regular sounds
To spy one someone electronically
To hit something or someone lightly
To remove from an object e.g. oil from the ground

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

baron

US / 'bærən /

•

UK / ˈbærən /

noun
Very influential, powerful person in a business
Person of rank in British and European nobility

dense

US / dens /

•

UK / dɛns /

adjecitve
Very thick and difficult to see, get through
Hard to understand
Uncomprehending; foolish; inconsiderate

pellegrino

US / ˌpɛlɛˈgrinoʊ /

•

UK / /

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

bewildering

US / bɪˈwɪldərɪŋ /

•

UK / bɪˈwɪldərɪŋ /

adjecitve
Very confusing; hard to understand

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

ruminate

US / ˈru:mɪneɪt /

•

UK / ˈruməˌnet /

verb
Think about over and over; mull over

simple

US / 'sɪmpl /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

adjecitve
Not hard to understand or do; not complex
Having only a few parts; not complex
Being ordinary or normal
Being plain; without a lot added for style

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

america

US / ə'merɪkə /

•

UK / əˈmɛrɪkə /

noun
The United States of America; North America and/or South America

bug

US / bʌɡ /

•

UK / bʌɡ /

noun
An insect
Problem in the functioning of computer code
Electronic device to spy on someone
verb
To bother someone
To hide an electronic device to spy on someone

tipple

US / ˈtɪpl /

•

UK / ˈtɪpəl /

noun
Drink, especially alcoholic, that you often drink

fridge

US / frɪdʒ /

•

UK / frɪdʒ /

noun
An electric cool box for keeping food fresh

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

pocket

US / 'pɒkɪt /

•

UK / ˈpɑkɪt /

adjecitve
(As if) small enough to fit in your pocket
noun
Small cloth bag sewn into clothing to hold things
Area of space
verb
To put something into your pocket
To take or hide something illegally

produce

US / prə'dju:s /

•

UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /

noun
Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
verb
To grow something naturally
To make something appear
To manufacture something using machines
To control the making a movie or television show

return

US / rɪ'tɜ:n /

•

UK / rɪ'tɜ:rn /

adjecitve
Do again; repeated
noun
Faulty or unwanted product sent back to a company
Enter key; the main key on the computer keyboard
Profit made as a result of a business activity
Process of going back to a previous way or state
verb
To hit something back to the other player or team
To come back after being away from somewhere
To repay someone's actions, kindness etc.
To put, bring, take, give, or send something back
To occur again

petrol

US / ˈpetrəl /

•

UK / ˈpɛtrəl /

noun
Liquid used as fuel in car engines; (US) gasoline

roof

US / ru:f /

•

UK / ruf,rʊf /

noun
Top of the inside a tunnel, cave, mouth etc.
Cover or top of a building or car
verb
To place a cover or top onto a building, vehicle

strange

US / streɪndʒ /

•

UK / strendʒ /

adjecitve
Unusual or odd; surprising because unexpected

reasonably

US / ˈri:znəbli /

•

UK / ˈrizn:əblɪ /

adverb
To a reasonable degree; not too much
In a fair and just manner

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

exorbitant

US / ɪgˈzɔ:bɪtənt /

•

UK / ɪgˈzɔ:rbɪtənt /

adjecitve
Concerning a great or excessive amount

gentle

US / 'dʒentl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛntl /

adjecitve
Kind and quiet in nature; not harsh or violent

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

bubble

US / ˈbʌbl /

•

UK / ˈbʌbəl /

noun
A small ball of air inside of a liquid
verb
(Of a liquid) to produce bubbles, as when boiling
To show intense emotion, e.g. excitement, anger

cold

US / kəʊld /

•

UK / kold /

adjecitve
Having a very low temperature
Being unfriendly or lacking emotion
noun
Illness of sneezing, coughing, and a sore throat

extremely

US / ɪkˈstri:mli /

•

UK / ɪk'strimlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is much more than usual or expected

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

oil

US / ɔɪl /

•

UK / ɔɪl /

noun
A liquid used for frying foods
Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
verb
To add a liquid for frying foods
To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

laugh

US / lɑ:f /

•

UK / læf, lɑf /

noun
Happy noise you make when something is funny
verb
To make a happy sound when something is funny

usage

US / ˈju:sɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈjusɪdʒ, -zɪdʒ /

noun
Amount something is used
Way something is actually used

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

wind

US / wɪnd /

•

UK / wɪnd /

adjecitve
(Musical instruments) that you blow into to play
noun
A current of air moving approximately horizontally, especially one strong enough to be felt
Something that has influence
verb
If a road, path, or river winds, it follows a route that turns repeatedly in different directions
To turn or cause something to turn
To twist around something

worth

US / wɜ:θ /

•

UK / wɚθ /

other
the financial, practical or moral value of somebody/something
having a particular value, especially in money

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

joke

US / dʒəʊk /

•

UK / dʒoʊk /

noun
A funny or amusing statement
Something or someone not taken seriously
verb
To say or do things that are meant to be funny

leg

US / leɡ /

•

UK / lɛɡ /

noun
Part of the body from the hips down
The piece of furniture that touches the ground

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

operation

US / ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɑpəˈreʃən /

noun
Business or company, or its activities
Functioning; use
Medical procedure involving surgery

replace

US / rɪ'pleɪs /

•

UK / rɪˈples /

verb
To use instead of something else
To return an item to its original location

shall

US / ʃəl /

•

UK / ʃæl /

other
Expressing the future tense, to expect to happen
(Used to say something is required or commanded)
(Used to make a suggestion or ask a question)

martin

US / ˈmɑ:tn /

•

UK / ˈmɑrtn: /

other
Any of various swallows with squarish or slightly forked tail and long pointed wings; migrate around

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

seller

US / 'selə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɛlɚ /

noun
Person or group who sells something

ask

US / ɑ:sk /

•

UK / æsk /

verb
To say to someone that you want something

mortgage

US / 'mɔ:ɡɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmɔrɡɪdʒ /

noun
Long-term loan from a bank for buying property

source

US / sɔ:s /

•

UK / sɔrs, sors /

adjecitve
Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
noun
Piece of information; a person giving information
Place from which something necessary comes
verb
To get, e.g. a raw material, from somewhere

test

US / test /

•

UK / test /

noun
A medical examination
Action to establish the truth or nature of
Examination; questions to measure knowledge
verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

animal

US / ˈænɪml /

•

UK / ˈænəməl /

noun
A living creature that is not a plant or person

bubbler

US / ˈbʌblə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbʌblər /

other
Any of various devices in which air or some other gas is bubbled through a liquid

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

fortune

US / 'fɔ:tʃu:n /

•

UK / ˈfɔrtʃən /

noun
What might happen to you in the future
Chance or luck, particularly good luck
Very large amount of money

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

ryan

US / ˈraɪən /

•

UK / ˈraɪən /

rich

US / rɪtʃ /

•

UK / rɪtʃ /

adjecitve
Having a lot of money or valuable possessions
Containing a lot of exciting events or experiences and therefore very interesting
(of a color, sound, smell, etc.) Pleasantly deep or strong
If food is rich, it contains a large amount of oil, butter, eggs, or cream.

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

smart

US / smɑ:t /

•

UK / smɑ:rt /

adjecitve
Fashionable; well-dressed; well-groomed
Looking clean, neat and stylish
(Of phones, weapons) with clever features
Associated with rich, popular and stylish people
Clever; with intelligence
adverb
Energetic or quick in motion or movement
In a clever way; with intelligence
noun
Feeling of being hurt and upset
Sharp, burning pain
verb
To feel hurt or upset
To hurt with an unexpected sharp or burning pain

face

US / feɪs /

•

UK / fes /

noun
Side or outer surface of something
An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
Characteristics you show in public
verb
To cover a surface with something like paint
To deal with a problem or responsibilities
To look toward; point in a certain direction

mount

US / maʊnt /

•

UK / maʊnt /

noun
An attachment used to keep something in place
Title of a specific mountain
Horse that someone is riding
verb
To attach something to something else
To set a picture, jewel etc. in
To sit on a horse or bike in order to ride it
To climb a mountain
To organize an exhibition, race etc.
To start (an attack) against an enemy

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

stuff

US / stʌf /

•

UK / stʌf /

noun
Generic description for things, materials, objects
verb
To push material inside something, with force

ashley

US / ˈæʃli /

•

UK / ˈæʃli /

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

bush

US / bʊʃ /

•

UK / bʊʃ /

noun
A wooden plant that is smaller than a tree

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

variety

US / və'raɪətɪ /

•

UK / vəˈraɪɪti /

noun
Particular type of thing or person

europe

US / ˈjʊərəp /

•

UK / ˈjʊrəp /

noun
A continent including Germany, France and Spain
other
The second smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use 'Europe' to re

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

hate

US / heɪt /

•

UK / het /

noun
Severe, deep sense of dislike or anger
An object that you hate
verb
To have a very strong feeling of dislike for

landfill

US / 'lændfɪl /

•

UK / 'lændfɪl /

noun
Burial of garbage, as to build up low-lying land

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

shore

US / ʃɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ʃɔr, ʃor /

noun
Land along the edge of a sea, lake or river

ark

US / ɑ:k /

•

UK / ɑrk /

noun
Thing that affords protection or safety

beyond

US / bɪ'jɒnd /

•

UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /

adverb
On or to the farther side
In addition to
preposition
Later in time than
Out of the limits of

finally

US / ˈfaɪnəli /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

adverb
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
After a long time or some difficulty

forever

US / fər'evə(r) /

•

UK / fɔrˈɛvɚ, fə- /

adverb
For all future time; in the future

environmental

US / ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl /

•

UK / ɛnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntl:, -ˌvaɪən /

adjecitve
Of the natural world of plants and animals

native

US / ˈneɪtɪv /

•

UK / ˈnetɪv /

adjecitve
Caused by natural ability; innate
noun
Someone from or born in a specific country
Original inhabitant, e.g. before others
Person speaking a language from birth

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

rather

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

adverb
Somewhat; fairly; not that much

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

double

US / 'dʌbl /

•

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

adjecitve
Concerning or intended for use by two people
Two times the amount or degree; twice
Made of two parts that are the same, similar
noun
Person that is exactly like someone else
verb
To be used for two functions at the same time
To make or become twice as much

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

owner

US / ˈəʊnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈoʊnə(r) /

noun
Person who owns or has something

tree

US / tri: /

•

UK / tri /

noun
Tall green plants in a forest

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

hey

US / heɪ /

•

UK / he /

exclamation
What you say when you want someone's attention

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

gently

US / ˈdʒentli /

•

UK / ˈdʒentli /

adverb
In a mild, careful, and soft manner

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

tonne

US / tʌn /

•

UK / tʌn /

noun
Unit of weight equivalent to 1000 kilograms

sometimes

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

adverb
Only at certain times; occasionally

cannon

US / 'kænən /

•

UK / ˈkænən /

noun
Large wheeled gun that fires heavy metal balls
verb
To hit and bounce off

drink

US / drɪŋk /

•

UK / drɪŋk /

noun
A liquid that you put in your mouth
verb
To put water in your body through your mouth

duncan

US / ˈdʌmpi /

•

UK / ˈdʌmpi /

industry

US / 'ɪndəstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈɪndəstri /

noun
Hard work; being busy working
Factories or businesses that make certain products

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

mug

US / mʌɡ /

•

UK / mʌɡ /

noun
Large ceramic drinking cup with a handle
verb
To attack someone to rob them

kid

US / kɪd /

•

UK / kɪd /

adjecitve
Made from young goat skin
noun
Child or young person
Young goat
verb
To make fun of someone in a gentle way; to tease

secret

US / 'si:krət /

•

UK / 'si:krət /

adjecitve
That you don't want others to know; private
noun
Information you do not want others to know

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

aim

US / eɪm /

•

UK / em /

noun
Act of pointing something at a target
Purpose or goal
verb
To point something at a target
To intend to get a thing or for a thing to happen

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

match

US / mætʃ /

•

UK / mætʃ /

noun
Something that is equal to or the same as another
Small stick you strike to light a fire candle etc.
A sports competition between two people or teams
Person or thing that goes well with another
verb
To equal or be as good as something else
To work well or look good with something else

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

clean

US / kli:n /

•

UK / klin /

adjecitve
Not marked in any way; blank
Done according to the rules or standards; fair
Free from disease or sickness
Being free from dirt or marks; washed
Behaving well; not breaking any rules; legal
adverb
Completely; entirely
verb
To make free from dirt or marks; washed
To make neat and orderly e.g. a room
To remove the inner parts of an animal

brand

US / brænd /

•

UK / brænd /

noun
A mark burned on an animal to show who owns it
Product made or designed by a named company
verb
To burn a mark on an animal to show who owns it
To describe someone as a liar, coward, etc.
To give a famous name to a product or service

convenience

US / kənˈvi:niəns /

•

UK / kənˈvinjəns /

noun
Quality of being easy to do or saving time

aggressive

US / əˈgresɪv /

•

UK / əˈɡrɛsɪv /

adjecitve
Using energy and determination to achieve a goal
Behaving in a hostile and threatening way

crispness

US / krɪspnəs /

•

UK / krɪspnəs /

noun
Pleasing firmness and freshness, e.g. of lettuce

crystal

US / 'krɪstl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪstəl /

noun
A solid formed by the solidification of a chemical
Rock with regularly repeating internal structure
Person's name

height

US / haɪt /

•

UK / haɪt /

noun
Distance of something from the bottom to the top

nine

US / naɪn /

•

UK / naɪn /

number
9

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

spring

US / sprɪŋ /

•

UK / sprɪŋ /

noun
Coil of metal that lessens impact, e.g. on cars
Sudden jump from one place to another
The time when plants start growing after winter
Place where water flows from beneath the ground
verb
To lessen the impact of something under pressure
To jump into the air

sucker

US / ˈsʌkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌkɚ /

noun
Part of an animal used for holding onto surfaces
Someone who is easily fooled

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

bowl

US / bəʊl /

•

UK / bol /

noun
Part of an object that has a rounded, inward curve
Round container used for holding rice, soup etc.
Round Building to watch sports events, concerts
Low-lying land with higher ground around it
verb
To roll a ball in the sport of bowling
To throw a ball in a game such as cricket

fine

US / faɪn /

•

UK / faɪn /

adjecitve
Good, acceptable or satisfactory
Of high quality; made with great skill
In a careful or exact manner; into small pieces
Being of high quality
Good; okay; no problem
(Of weather) good; not raining
noun
Money you have to pay because you broke a rule
verb
To pay money because you broke a law

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

litre

US / ˈli:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlitɚ /

noun
Metric unit for measuring liquid or gas

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

woman

US / ˈwʊmən /

•

UK / ˈwʊmən /

noun
Adult female human being

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

favourite

US / ˈfeɪvərɪt /

•

UK / 'fevərɪt /

adjecitve
Best liked or most enjoyed
noun
A thing that someone likes best or enjoys most

giant

US / 'dʒaɪənt /

•

UK / ˈdʒaɪənt /

adjecitve
Very large, or much bigger than other things
noun
Tall, large, and powerful human-like creatures
Very successful, powerful person or organization

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

peach

US / pi:tʃ /

•

UK / pitʃ /

noun
Round sweet furry fruit that grows on trees
Very good

spin

US / spɪn /

•

UK / spɪn /

noun
A dizzy feeling your head is turning around
A slant or hidden purpose, as in politicians' talk
A movement in a rapid turning motion
verb
To make a ball rotate when throwing it
To feel dizzy/confused, as in my head is spinning
To convert material such as cotton into thread
To move something in a rapid turning motion

solution

US / səˈlu:ʃn /

•

UK / səˈluʃən /

noun
Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
Way to solve or deal with a problem

cetera

US / ˈsetərə /

•

UK / ˈsetərə /

other

distract

US / dɪ'strækt /

•

UK / dɪˈstrækt /

verb
To draw someone's attention away from something

equally

US / ˈi:kwəli /

•

UK / ˈiːkwəli /

adverb
In an equal, even, or identical manner

passage

US / 'pæsɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈpæsɪdʒ /

noun
Process of moving through time
Journey by ship from one place to another
Narrow opening which things can go through

lather

US / ˈlɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlæðə(r) /

noun
Bubbles or froth, e.g. from soap or shampoo
verb
To beat severely with a rope or whip
To make bubbles or froth, e.g. with soap, shampoo

roar

US / rɔ:(r) /

•

UK / rɔr, ror /

noun
A very loud, deep or hearty laugh
A very loud deep powerful shout
Loud, deep, and continuous noise
other
To produce a very loud, deep sound
verb
To laugh in a loud and continuous manner
To shout using a loud deep powerful voice
To make a long loud deep sound as made by a lion

chemical

US / ˈkemɪkl /

•

UK / ˈkɛmɪkəl /

adjecitve
Made of various elements
noun
Basic substance produced by mixing elements

apparently

US / əˈpærəntli /

•

UK / əˈpærəntlɪ /

adverb
According to what you heard; from what can be seen

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

plant

US / plɑ:nt /

•

UK / plænt /

noun
Factory or a place where things are made
Living thing with leaves and roots growing in soil
verb
To firmly position something (in the ground)
To put seeds, flowers, trees in the ground

price

US / praɪs /

•

UK / praɪs /

noun
Person's name
Cost of something in money
verb
To determine or set the cost of something

man

US / mæn /

•

UK / mæn /

noun
Humans in general, including male and female
An adult male human being
Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
verb
To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

bass

US / beɪs /

•

UK / beɪs /

noun
Type of fish
Large cello or electric guitar with 4 strings
Lowest-sounding singing voice

bottle

US / 'bɒtl /

•

UK / ˈbɑtl /

noun
Container with a narrow neck used to hold liquids
verb
To put something into a bottle to store it

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

filter

US / 'fɪltə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɪltɚ /

noun
Device to remove certain types of light, sound
Device to remove unwanted things from liquid, gas
verb
To remove certain types of light, sound
To remove unwanted substances from a liquid or gas

happy

US / ˈhæpi /

•

UK / ˈhæpi /

adjecitve
Feeling pleasure or joy; glad

sceptical

US / ˈskeptɪkl /

•

UK / ˈskɛptɪkəl /

adjecitve
Doubting that something is true/probable/useful

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

shop

US / ʃɒp /

•

UK / ʃɑ:p /

noun
Place to learn how to fix or make things; class
Place where things are fixed or repaired, e.g. cars
Place which sells things
verb
To look for or buy goods or services

australian

US / ɒˈstreɪliən /

•

UK / ɔˈstreljən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Australia
noun
People from Australia

extract

US / 'ekstrækt /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrækt /

noun
Essential ingredient of a natural thing
Part taken from a longer written work
verb
To get a substance out of a plant, etc.
To get a person to share secret information
To remove something by pulling or cutting

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

alright

US / ɔ:lˈraɪt /

•

UK / ɔlˈraɪt /

adjecitve
OK; fine; good

john

US / dʒɔn /

•

UK / dʒɑn /

noun
A toilet.
A prostitute's client.
proper noun
(1165–1216), son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine; king of England 1199–1216; known as John Lack
The name of six kings of Portugal.

maximize

US / ˈmæksɪmaɪz /

•

UK / ˈmæksəˌmaɪz /

verb
To make as large or great as possible

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

perfect

US / 'pɜ:fɪkt /

•

UK / ˈpɚfɪkt /

adjecitve
So good it cannot be improved
verb
To do something so well, it cannot be done better

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

sharpness

US / ʃɑ:pnəs /

•

UK / ʃɑ:pnəs /

noun
Thinness of edge or fineness of point

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

won

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn, won /

verb
To gain something you want because of your efforts
To succeed in a game or contest

relative

US / ˈrelətɪv /

•

UK / ˈrɛlətɪv /

adjecitve
Measured or considered in comparison to another
(Grammar) referring to words that appear earlier
noun
Members of the family
Humans or animals sharing the same family history

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

alone

US / ə'ləʊn /

•

UK / əˈlon /

adjecitve
Apart from others
Without equal
adverb
Without anyone or anything else

fluoride

US / ˈflɔːraɪd /

•

UK / ˈflɔːraɪd /

noun
Chemical added to water to improve tooth health

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

stability

US / stəˈbɪləti /

•

UK / stəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Quality or state of being even or consistent

bank

US / bæŋk /

•

UK / bæŋk /

noun
A financial institution that keeps or lends money
The side of a river
A row of things in lines (e.g. computers)
verb
To put or keep your money in a bank
To turn a plane when flying; (of a plane) to turn

ones

US / wʌnz /

•

UK / wʌnz /

number
Number 1, a single person or thing

pump

US / pʌmp /

•

UK / pʌmp /

noun
A device more moving liquids
Light woman's shoe
verb
To make liquid or gas flow in a particular direction
To make water/other liquid move using a machine
To move in or out, or up and down quickly
asking for information in an indirect way

ridiculously

US / rɪ'dɪkjələslɪ /

•

UK / rɪˈdɪkjələslɪ /

adverb
Extremely; so much so that people might laugh

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

treat

US / tri:t /

•

UK / trit /

noun
Something you buy for others as a surprise present
something that tastes good and that is not eaten often
verb
To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
To use medical methods to try to cure an illness
To act in a certain way toward someone

refine

US / rɪ'faɪn /

•

UK / rɪˈfaɪn /

verb
To change slightly in order to improve it
To narrow down your search to a smaller number
To make a liquid cleaner by removing something

friend

US / frend /

•

UK / frɛnd /

noun
Person who you like and enjoy being with

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

planet

US / 'plænɪt /

•

UK / ˈplænɪt /

noun
One of the bodies that orbit the sun

south

US / saʊθ /

•

UK / saʊθ /

adjecitve
Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
Coming from the opposite direction from north
noun
The direction to your right of the rising sun

attach

US / ə'tætʃ /

•

UK / əˈtætʃ /

verb
To be associated or connected with

behaviour

US / bɪˈheɪvjə(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈhevjɚ /

noun
The way a person or thing acts; manner

flower

US / ˈflaʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈflaʊɚ /

noun
Plant with a pretty head, e.g. a rose
verb
(Of flowers) to emerge into full shape; to bloom
To develop successfully or fully

save

US / seɪv /

•

UK / sev /

noun
Preventing a player in a game from scoring a goal
preposition
Except; not including
verb
To make your computer keep a file
To keep for future use
To make something unnecessary; prevent
To keep money so that you will have it later
To keep something for future use, such as money
To keep or rescue someone or something from harm
To prevent a player in a game from scoring a goal
To avoid the unnecessary waste of energy, etc.

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

brilliant

US / 'brɪlɪənt /

•

UK / ˈbrɪljənt /

adjecitve
Having a great amount of intelligence or talent
Being very bright, like a diamond; shining

fork

US / fɔ:k /

•

UK / fɔ:rk /

noun
Place where a road, tree divides into two branches
Tool with 4-5 points for eating or digging
verb
To divide or separate into two branches

north

US / nɔ:θ /

•

UK / nɔ:rθ /

adjecitve
Coming from the opposite direction to the south
noun
Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

nah

US / nɑ: /

•

UK / nɑ: /

noun
Way of saying 'No'

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

victoria

US / vikˈtɔ:riə /

•

UK / vɪkˈtɔriə, -ˈtor- /

noun
A light four-wheeled horse-drawn carriage with a collapsible hood, seats for two passengers, and an
proper noun
A state of southeastern Australia; population 5,313,823 (2008); capital, Melbourne. Originally a dis
A port at the southern tip of Vancouver Island, capital of British Columbia; population 78,057 (2006
The capital of the Seychelles, a port on the island of Mahé; population 26,000 (est. 2007).
The administrative center of Hong Kong; population 981,700 (est. 2006).
A city in southern Texas; population 62,558 (est. 2008).
(1819–1901), queen of Great Britain and Ireland 1837–1901 and empress of India 1876–1901. She took a

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

chalk

US / tʃɔ:k /

•

UK / tʃɔk /

noun
Hard white powder used for drawing on boards
Soft white rock made of limestone
verb
To draw or write something with chalk

calm

US / kɑ:m /

•

UK / kɑm /

adjecitve
Without wind or storm; quiet; peaceful
Relaxed and not worried or angry
verb
To make or become relaxed and not worried or angry

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

harvest

US / ˈhɑ:vɪst /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:rvɪst /

noun
Gathering crops from the fields; the crops
The time of year to bring crops in from the fields
verb
To gather ripe crops in from the fields

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

weigh

US / weɪ /

•

UK / weɪ /

verb
To balance things against each other
To consider something carefully to form an opinion
To determine the weight of, using scales

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

belief

US / bɪˈli:f /

•

UK / bɪˈlif /

noun
Being sure that something exists or is true
Trust in an idea or set of ideas
A particular opinion about something

champion

US / 'tʃæmpɪən /

•

UK / 'tʃæmpɪən /

noun
Person who fights for or supports strongly
verb
To support or fight for something you believe in

decant

US / dɪˈkænt /

•

UK / dɪˈkænt /

verb
To pour wine from a bottle into a container

dee

US / di: /

•

UK / di: /

proper noun
A river in northeastern Scotland that rises in the Grampian Mountains and flows east past Balmoral C
A river that rises in North Wales and flows into England, past Chester and on into the Irish Sea.

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

admire

US / əd'maɪə(r) /

•

UK / ædˈmaɪr /

verb
To feel respect or wonder toward someone

deliver

US / dɪ'lɪvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈlɪvɚ /

verb
To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
To save someone from a problem or crisis
To keep a promise; do what you say you would
To present something to a group, as a speech
To take something to a person or place

con

US / kɒn /

•

UK / kɑ:n /

noun
Argument pointing out the negatives of a position
verb
To trick or deceive someone

eskimo

US / ˈeskɪməʊ /

•

UK / ˈɛskəˌmo /

noun
A member of a people inhabiting the Arctic (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberi
other
Language spoken by the Eskimo

nick

US / nɪk /

•

UK / nɪk /

noun
Person's name
Scratches caused by accidentally knocking
verb
To make a scratch in
To steal

king

US / kɪŋ /

•

UK / kɪŋ /

noun
Person considered the best or top at something
Playing card with the image of a king on it
Key piece in the game of chess
Royal male ruler of a country
Person's name

silly

US / 'sɪlɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪli /

adjecitve
Careless
Acting funny or playfully
Not being serious or important

sheer

US / ʃɪə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɪr /

adjecitve
(Of luck/stupidity) very complete or absolute
(Of fabric) very fine or thin; see-through
adverb
Straight up and down; steeply
verb
To suddenly turn or change direction

ship

US / ʃɪp /

•

UK / ʃɪp /

noun
Large boat
verb
To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

cloud

US / klaʊd /

•

UK / klaʊd /

noun
A mass of smoke or mist hanging in the air
verb
To confuse the mind/judgment of a person
(Of the sky) to get darker and fill with clouds
To make (glass, etc.) difficult to see through
To make an activity less pleasant or enjoyable
(Of person's face, etc.) to show worry/anger

collect

US / kəˈlekt /

•

UK / kəˈlɛkt /

adverb
By asking the receiver of a call to pay for it
verb
To ask for money, e.g. for a charity
To gather things, people together in one place
To get and keep one type of things as a hobby
To take things and bring them together
To go and receive, e.g. a prize or an award
To take control of your own feelings or thoughts

business

US / ˈbɪznəs /

•

UK / ˈbɪznɪs /

noun
A company formed for making profit
Matter that has to be dealt with; task; situation
Activity of working to make a profit

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

comparison

US / kəmˈpærɪsn /

•

UK / kəmˈpærɪsən /

noun
Act of comparing things

farmer

US / ˈfɑ:mə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɑ:rmə(r) /

noun
Person who operates a farm

meal

US / mi:l /

•

UK / mil /

noun
Food for eating at a particular time, e.g. dinner
Grain that has been ground into a powder

perception

US / pəˈsepʃn /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛpʃən /

noun
Way in which one sees or understands something

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

whether

US / ˈweðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

conjunction
If something will happen or not

disinfectant

US / ˌdɪsɪnˈfektənt /

•

UK / ˌdɪsɪnˈfɛktənt /

noun
Chemical preventing infection by killing bugs

demonstrate

US / 'demənstreɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɛmənˌstret /

verb
To display a feeling or ability openly
To protest about something often as a group
To prove or make clear by reasoning or evidence
To show how something works (e.g. product)

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

ooh

US / u: /

•

UK / u /

exclamation
Sound people make when they make a mistake

river

US / ˈrɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɪvɚ /

noun
Flowing water that runs from mountains to the sea

palate

US / ˈpælət /

•

UK / ˈpælɪt /

noun
Roof of the mouth

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

bullshit

US / ˈbʊlʃɪt /

•

UK / ˈbʊlˌʃɪt /

exclamation
Telling lies, nonsense (very rude)

franklin

US / 'fræŋklɪn /

•

UK / 'fræŋklɪn /

noun
A landowner (th and th centuries) who was free but not of noble birth

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

spending

US / ˈspendɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈspɛndɪŋ /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

store

US / stɔ:(r) /

•

UK / stɔr, stor /

noun
Place where things are kept for future use
Place where you can go to buy things
verb
To put things in a place for later use

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

founder

US / ˈfaʊndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfaʊndɚ /

noun
Person establishing an organization, school etc.
verb
(Of business, idea, etc.) to fail
(Of a ship) To be sinking after hitting rocks

gather

US / ˈgæðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɡæðɚ /

noun
Fold in cloth, as in a full skirt
verb
To bring objects together into one place
(Of liquids) To come to a head, as in boil
To collect foods such as wild berries or crops
To increase or accumulate
To bring people, animals together into a group
To activate strength, courage to prepare for task
To understand or believe some information

remote

US / rɪ'məʊt /

•

UK / rɪˈmot /

adjecitve
Being far away from people, towns, etc.
(Of a possibility) being small or not likely
(Of time) far off; long ago; far in the future
Not friendly; separating yourself from others
noun
Radio device designed to operate TV, etc.

tea

US / ti: /

•

UK / ti /

noun
A full meal eaten around 5-7 p.m (in the UK)
Drink made when you put dried leaves in hot water
Snack with a hot drink and cake, in the afternoon

stew

US / stju: /

•

UK / stu, stju /

noun
Type of dish mixing meat, vegetables, and gravy
verb
To cook meat or vegetables in hot water

uneasy

US / ʌn'i:zɪ /

•

UK / ʌnˈizi /

adjecitve
Feeling worried, anxious or afraid about something

uninterrupted

US / ˌʌnˌɪntəˈrʌptɪd /

•

UK / ˌʌnˌɪntəˈrʌptɪd /

adjecitve
Without being interrupted, stopped or disturbed

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

estimate

US / 'estɪmət /

•

UK / ˈɛstəˌmet /

noun
Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
verb
To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

choice

US / tʃɔɪs /

•

UK / tʃɔɪs /

adjecitve
Of good quality or taste; desirable
noun
Decision between two or more possibilities

onto

US / ˈɒntə /

•

UK / ˈɑnˌtu, -tə, ˈɔn- /

preposition
Towards a certain direction/into a certain area

premium

US / ˈpri:miəm /

•

UK / ˈprimiəm /

adjecitve
Having a higher than normal quality
noun
Money paid as a fee for insurance

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

waste

US / weɪst /

•

UK / west /

noun
Materials left over after a process has finished
verb
To kill or severely harm someone
To use valuable things ineffectively

cock

US / kɒk /

•

UK / kɑ:k /

noun
Adult male chicken
A young man you find to be stupid or silly
A slang word for a penis

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

island

US / ˈaɪlənd /

•

UK / ˈaɪlənd /

noun
Area of land that is surrounded by water

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

discern

US / dɪˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / dɪˈsɜ:rn /

verb
To be able to tell differences, see shapes, etc.

enjoy

US / ɪnˈdʒɔɪ /

•

UK / ɛnˈdʒɔɪ /

verb
To take pleasure in something

gold

US / gəʊld /

•

UK / goʊld /

noun
Soft yellow metal that is very valuable
Person's name
adjecitve
Dark yellow color often seen in sunsets

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

scared

US / skeəd /

•

UK / skerd /

adjecitve
Frightened, afraid
verb
To become frightened
To make someone feel frightened or worried

bottled

US / 'bɒtld /

•

UK / 'bɒtld /

adjecitve
Put in a bottle in the stated way
verb
To put something into a bottle to store it

fantastic

US / fænˈtæstɪk /

•

UK / fænˈtæstɪk /

adjecitve
Strange or unusual in design or appearance
Very large, fast or great
Hard to believe; amazing

full

US / fʊl /

•

UK / fʊl /

adjecitve
Containing all the parts; complete
Containing or holding as much as possible
Having had enough food
adverb
In a direct manner; completely

gusher

US / ˈɡʌʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɡʌʃər /

noun
Oil well with a strong natural flow

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

marketing

US / ˈmɑ:kɪtɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪtɪŋ /

noun
The act of selling services or goods
verb
To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

pure

US / pjʊə(r) /

•

UK / pjʊr /

adjecitve
Not mixed with anything else
Being morally good

rainwater

US / ˈreɪnwɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrenˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ /

noun
Drops of fresh water that fall from clouds

cure

US / kjʊə(r) /

•

UK / kjʊr /

noun
Something that solves a problem or makes it better
Medical treatment making a sick person healthy
verb
To fix or improve a problem
To make someone healthy or make a disease go away
To keep food from going bad by drying or salting

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

ice

US / aɪs /

•

UK / aɪs /

noun
Frozen gas or liquid, esp. water
Sweet food made of frozen cream, or juices
verb
To make something cold by putting on frozen water
To spread a sweet and creamy substance on a cake

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

mark

US / mɑ:k /

•

UK / mɑrk /

noun
Person's name
A dirty spot or line on something
Grade or score given for homework
Line or symbol made when writing
Particular point on a scale of measurement
Grade, such as a student receives in school
Stain or spot on something
Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
Written sign or symbol
verb
To put a dirty spot or line on something
To give a grade for homework
To indicate something with a sign or symbol
To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
(Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
To write or draw a line on something

manage

US / ˈmænɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmænɪdʒ /

verb
To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
To run or operate a business by directing others

remember

US / rɪ'membə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

verb
To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

shipping

US / ˈʃɪpɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈʃɪpɪŋ /

noun
Business of transporting goods or orders to places
verb
To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

Subtitles section

Sometimes, you've got to admire their sheer audacity.

I mean, talk about selling ice to Eskimos.

I'm referring to those cunning folk flogging us all that bottled water.

Think about it.

You can get perfectly healthy stuff straight from the tap for almost nothing, yet suckers like you and me are forking out more than $3 a litre for the bottled variety, double the price of petrol.

Apparently, we spent more than half a billion dollars on bottled water last year.

The question is, just what do we think we're buying in those fancy bottles?

The search for the most expensive bottled water on the planet takes us to the most wild and remote of places.

As far from the madding crowd as you can get,

King Island in Bass Strait.

Set in the teeth of the roaring forties on their unceasing and uninterrupted passage around the world.

People who don't know the island wouldn't know this, but this is where they make wind and rain, isn't it?

Yeah, that's our production factory right there.

The furthest point is South America, 11,000km away.

Duncan McPhee is a rain farmer.

That's step one.

Oh, there you go.

Yeah, it's nothing.

I could be a water farmer.

It's a very simple business.

This bit I don't like.

If you've got a head for heights.

Thanks.

There you go.

Ah, hold me.

Yeah, alright.

Ah, well, it's the most simple operation.

He collects water straight from the sky onto this very basic roof and calls it cloud juice.

It's all done by nature and gravity, let's see the product.

Well, there's the gold.

Hey, little village.

It's a gusher.

It's lovely.

Yeah.

It's beautiful, isn't it?

Producing only 400 bottles a day, it looks like just a little bottler of a business.

But this King Island rainwater is being shipped to some of the smartest restaurants and shops in Europe and America, where it sells for an astonishing $24 a bottle.

It's one thing to expect people to pay $2.50 for a bottle of water, quite another to pay something like $24.

Well, the places that we're $20, $25 a bottle are where you're going to spend $200 or $300 on a meal and $50, $100, $200 on a bottle of wine.

So, I think in comparison to that, it's fine.

So, it's another economy.

It's for the rich.

Absolutely.

Or for someone that wants to have one night of decadence.

It's far more expensive than petrol, but bottled water is not just for the well-to-do.

Let me guess.

Australians are guzzling the stuff, spending over half a billion dollars every year.

And ridiculously, most of it comes from giant factories in our major cities.

So, it does beg the question...

Don't you think you're a bit of a mug, really?

I probably am.

Julie Cannon, Ashley Forwood and Sarah Roach are friends who work up a lather in their North Shore Sydney gym.

They replace all that perspiration with their own favourite tipple bought straight from the fridge.

I enjoy bottled water.

I enjoy the convenience.

I enjoy the fact that it comes out of the fridge cold.

So, what's your bottled water of choice?

Mount Franklin.

What do you know about Mount Franklin?

Where is it?

Tasmania?

It's in Victoria.

Is it?

What's your favourite water?

Pump.

Where does it come from?

I have no idea.

I drink water also because I feel it's safer than tap water, the bottled water.

Why do you think it would be safer?

Just with all the bugs over the years that have been in the water.

I don't know, it might be just a matter of perception, but the heart of the whole argument is a public belief that somehow or other bottled water is purer and somehow safer than this water that I've just poured from the tap.

Now, it's true that tap water does contain a number of chemicals.

Hydrogen peroxide, fluoride and chlorine.

But then again, neither is bottled water crystal clear, as we found when we tested it in the lab.

Some bottled water turned out to be simply filtered tap water.

Others contained extremely high amounts of bacteria.

And two leading brands we tested were found to be tainted with chemical disinfectants and aluminium.

So, if bottled water is not demonstrably purer and safer than tap water, then why do we spend so much money on it?

Maybe

We've just bought into the very slick, very clever advertising campaign.

When bottled water first came out, I remember looking in a shop and thought, you have got to be kidding.

They're trying to sell me bottled water?

I can get that for nothing out of my tap.

John Dee, founder of the environmental campaign group Planet Ark, believes we've fallen for one of the biggest marketing scams of all time.

For Australians of all people in the world to be spending half a billion dollars buying 600 million litres of bottled water every year, it makes no sense.

But the simple fact is we've been conned by the bottled water industry and they're laughing all the way to the bank.

Are we really that stupid when we have one of the world's purest water supplies on tap?

Most of our reservoirs are so clean, John's more than happy to drink the water even before it's treated.

That's just straight from here and look how clean it is.

It's fantastic.

I've looked into this before and came to the conclusion that in fact we refine our water and purify it in Australia way beyond the requirements of even the most sensitive human gut.

Oh, absolutely.

I mean, if you look at the guidelines that go into purifying this water to get it down into your tap, it's world's best practice.

So, Martin, can you really not give me a clue as to where we are?

And the water story gets even more bemusing.

Oh, here we are.

Here's some peach flower tea tree.

I'm in the wilds of the New South Wales bush...

Let's have a look at the Sacred River.

..with bottling baron Martin Chalk, owner of Balance Water.

Can

We try it?

I know you treat the water, but let's try it.

And this is the source of his biggest seller, women's water.

Yes, you heard it.

Water especially designed for women.

This is one of the ones we use in our Balance for Women.

I mean, it's beautiful, gentle little flower.

So this is the plant for the water for women.

Yeah.

This is women's business, secret women's business.

I feel uneasy even being here.

By adding native flowers to the mix, Martin also manages to flog water for kids, water for travellers and even water to calm you down.

And what will this do for me?

It will help with calming you, de-stressing emotional stability so you won't stew and ruminate over issues as much as...

I've had a litre of it and it's not making me any less sceptical.

I was going to say, Charles, I thought the wine industry had the mortgage on bullshit, but it looks like the water people have got us covered on that one.

It's clear water is no longer just water anymore.

In Australia alone, we're faced with a bewildering choice of more than 1,000 brands.

So we asked one of the most discerning palates in the country, wine taster Nick Ryan, if any of them are worth their often exorbitant price tag.

Shall we start with the Pellegrino?

Why not?

San Pellegrino.

My notes tell me that it is brilliant, lacking in any distracting colour, with a fairly dense pearlage of reasonably fine bubbles in abundance.

And this is gathered, harvested rainwater.

This seems a little finer to me.

That seems a little fuller on the palate, that water.

But this seems to have a little sharpness and fineness, a real crispness.

Now you've put that idea into my head.

That's all the power of suggestion, Charles, the power of suggestion.

Whether you want to go out and be paying 8 bucks a bottle, 10 bucks a bottle, when you can probably get a half-decent bottle of wine for that sort of money.

I think I know why I'd rather put my money, and I'd stick to the tap.

Taste and expense aside, there's another very big question mark over bottled water.

Producing, shipping and storing those millions of plastic bottles creates one giant carbon footprint.

Every time we are buying bottled water, no matter what the myth or the story that's attached to it, the fact is there is a major environmental impact associated with that bottled water.

And 70% of the bottles we drink each year, weighing a massive 75,000 tonnes, end up in landfill.

Well, there you have clear illustration of the relative price of water and petrol, eh?

Absolutely, yes.

And here's something equally as silly.

Because for every product you make, you need some oil, don't you?

Absolutely.

I don't know how much oil is the question.

You demonstrate it.

Hold that up.

OK. Tell me when I decant enough oil into this to be the amount of oil required to make one bottle of water.

Keep going.

More?

Yeah, absolutely.

Oh, you're joking.

No. More?

I would have thought it would have covered the bottom.

OK, stop that.

I can't believe it.

It would take that much oil to put that much water in the same bottle.

John Dee says a simple solution to such a wanton waste of energy is to take tap water back to the people.

He champions the return of the old-fashioned bubbler, delivering tap water filtered and free.

I'm a new man and my life has changed forever.

So how much are the water bottlers going to hate this?

I don't think they'd like it somehow because every time people are using these, it's less bottled water that they're buying and we estimate that these...

All the, you know, the bubblers in this Corso will stop the usage of up to 200,000 bottles of water every single year.

This is fine by me.

Would you like to do a taste test, Dr Dee?

Nah,

That's just perfect.

And when given the choice, even the most hardened of bottle water addicts can be won over.

This is filtered tap water, freely available in your gym.

You don't need to pay for it.

Try that.

I actually prefer the taste of this one.

It tastes different but it's just as good.

I should probably...

Just using the tap water.

So are you finally all cured of this addiction to bottled water?

Yes.

Thank you, Charles.

You've changed our lives.

We'll save fortune.

But it seems tap water campaigners still have a long way to go to match the marketing genius of the bottled water industry.

We could go on all day, but...

..this is actually...

It doesn't say it's for us.

It's enhanced water for animals.

Right.

Somehow they've even got us lapping up water for the doggy bowl at $4 a bottle.

Does your animal get scared in storms, distressed when you leave them, get frightened around strangers, show aggressive behaviour, et cetera, et cetera?

Calm is a premium spring water with gently infused Australian flower essences.

This should take the bark out of it.

Oh. Oh, really?

Ooh.

One of them's cocked its leg over it.

It is a bit doggy, isn't it?

At the end of the day, it's all marketing.

It's all PR. It's all spin.

And its aim is to extract money out of your pocket and to basically maximise profits out of your gullibility.

And that's one thing Australians need to look at, is stop being gullible when it comes to bottled water.

You have great tap water.

Drink it.

And the Nine Now app.